• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.33-37
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• 2009

This paper analyzed effects Web-Based cooperation Learning have on improvement in Social Adaptability and problematic behavior, using Web-Based cooperation Learning system that is designed for Mental retardation children. Is Made Teaching Design according to students level, based on elementary school Bareunsaenghwal subject. Teaching and Learning program that is going with flash and PPT Embodied is. Designed to bulletin the evaluation data for cooperation studying after studying a part of the lesson. Verification of learning effect went with experimental group and comparison group consisted of groups of 8. Students studied the Internet web data and Teaching material paper and they took pencil test. As a result, point of post-inspection was higher than that of pre-inspection. Web-Based cooperation Learning is confirmed to be effective on Social Adaptability and problematic behavior improvement.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2004

It is well known that tensile peak overloads may significantly delay suubsequent constant amplitude fatigue crack growth in many materials. Since real structures are usually subjected to complex load histories, the ability to predict accurate crack growth under realistic service conditions is of major engineering interest. This paper describes experiments on fatigue track growth in the integrally stiffened panel of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. The effect of shape parameters and overload position on the fatigue crack growth behavior of integrally stiffened panels are discussed. Based on the experimental results, the following conclusions have been drawn: the overall fatigue crack growth retardation resulting from single overload in the stiffened panels was generally larger in the larger thickness ratio, although the retardation trends, according to the change in overload positions, were similar to those exhibited in the non-stiffened panels.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.349-359
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• 2012

There is growing recognition that individuals with mental retardation are particularly vulnerable to sexual abuse due to multiple factors including life-long dependence on adults for care, trained compliance, social isolation, lack of education about sexuality and sexual abuse, and a societal view that devalues people with disabilities. Teaching about sexual abuse only may raise an individual's anxiety without promoting a healthy sexual identity. For many individuals with mental retardation, the provision of formal sexual health education and sexual abuse prevention training has been shown to be protective against exploitation as well as increase appropriate sexual behavior. To maximize the reach of formal sexual health education and abuse prevention promotion effort, this article suggest exploiting the internet and digital contents as delivery vehicles that have uniquely suitable communication characteristics and outstanding ability to reach large numbers of persons with mental retardation. We review the sexual health education programs, utilizing the internet and digital contents, for individuals with mental retardation. We also suggest the revised version of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of health behaviour change (Fisher & Fisher, 1992), and give a brief discussion of how useful this model is for constructing a life-long sex education program for persons with mental retardation.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.117-126
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• 1994

APAL (Aramid Patched ALuminum alloy) was manufactured, which was a material that was consisting of a A12024-T3 aluminum alloy plate bonded to single-side of it with aramid/epoxy laminates. The aramid/epoxy laminates were bonded to it in condition of 1, 2 ply and fiber orientation of .+-.45, 0.deg./90.deg. Fatigue crack propagation tests were performed at stress ratio R-0.2, 0.5 with Al 2024-T3, APAL 45-1P, APAL 0/90-1P, APAL 45-2P, APAL 0/90-2P specimens to examine behavior of retardation in fatigue crack propagation. All the APAL specimens showed superior fatigue crack resistance. Number of cycle spended for crack to propagate from $a_{M}$=37 to $a_{M}$=65 mm in case of APAL 0/90-2P specimen was half that of Al 2024-T3 specimen. Fatigue crack propagation rate of APAL 0/90 specimens were retarded more compared to APAL 45 specimens and the amounts of retardation at R=0.5 were larger than that at R=0.2. It was found that the retardation in fatigue crack propagation was caused by intact fibers in the wake of crack.ack.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2012

Noonan syndrome is characterized by short stature, typical facial dysmorphology, and congenital heart defects. The main facial features of Noonan syndrome are hypertelorism with down-slanting palpebral fissures, ptosis, and low-set posteriorly-rotated ears with a thickened helix. The cardiovascular defects most commonly associated with this condition are pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Other associated features are webbed neck, chest deformity, mild intellectual deficit, cryptorchidism, poor feeding in infancy, bleeding tendency, and lymphatic dysplasias. The patient is a 10-year-old boy. He had experienced repeated febrile convulsions. He had typical facial features, a short stature, chest deformity, cryptorchidism, vesicoureteral reflux, and mental retardation. His language and motor development were delayed. When he went to school, it was difficult for him to pay attention, follow directions, and organize tasks. He also displayed behavior such as squirming, leaving his seat in class, and running around inappropriately. Clinical observation is important for the diagnosis, so we report a patient who was diagnosed with Noonan syndrome, mental retardation, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 1992

Effects of strain hardening exponents on the retardation behavior of fatigue crack propagation are experimentally investigated. The retardation of fatigue crack propagation seems to be induced by the crack closure at crack tip. The phenomenon of crack closure becomes remarkable with the increment of strain hardening exponent and magnitude of percent peak load. The ratio of crack growth increment(a$\_$d//w$\_$d/) is influenced by a single overloading (a$\_$d/) and estimated plastic zone size (W$\_$d/=2r$\_$y/) is increased according with the increasing of strain ha.dening exponents. The number of retarded crack growth cycles were (N$\_$d/) decreased as the baseline stress intensity factor .ange( K$\_$b/) was increased. Within the limitation of these experimental results obtained under the single overload, an empirical relation between crack retardation ratio (Nd/N＊), strain hardening exponent (n) and percent peak load (％PL) has been proposed as; Nd/N＊＝ exp [PL $.$ PL$.$A(n)＋B(n) ] where, A(n)＝${\alpha}$n＋${\beta}$, B(n)＝${\gamma}$n＋$\delta$, PL＝％PL/100 and ${\alpha}$＝0.78, ${\beta}$＝0.54, ${\gamma}$＝0.58 and $\delta$＝-0.01, It is interesting to note that all these constants are identical for materials such as aluminum(A3203), steel(S4SC), steel(SS41) and stainless steel(SUS316) used in this experimental study.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2004

• Composites Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

New hybrid composite material CPAL(Carbon Patched ALuminum alloy), an Al2024-T3 plate doubleside reinforced with carbon/epoxy laminates were made. Fatigue crack growth tests were carried out at R=0.2, 0.5 in the CPAL specimens. The retardation mechanism and behavior of fatigue crack growth were examined basing on investigation of the crack and the delamination using a X-Ray and a ultrasonic C-Scan. The fatigue crack growth rates of CPAL specimens were remarkedly retarded compared to that of the Al2024-T3 specimen. The retardations amounts of the fatigue crack growth rates get higher in $0^{\circ}$/$90^{\circ}$ CPAL specimen than in $\pm$$45^{\circ}$ CPAL specimen, and get higher at R=0.2 than at R=0.5. The retardation of fatigue crack growth rates in CPAL specimen was generated by the crack bridging mechanism, that is the behavior that the fibers in CFRP layers decrease the COD in the Al2024-T3 plate.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 1992

The understanding and appllication of fatigue crack propagation mechanism in variable amplitude loading is very important for life prediction of the air travel structures. Particularly, the retardation and arrest behavior of fatigue crack propagation by single tension overloading is essential to the understanding and appllication of fatigue crack propagation mechanism in variable amplitude loading. Numerous studies of the retardation behavior have been performed, however investigations of the arrest behavior have not been enough yet. As for the arrest behavior, Willenborg had reported that the overload shut-off ratio $[R_{so}=(K_{OL})/K_{max})_{crack arrest}]$ had been the material constant, but recently several investigators have reported that the overload shut-off ratio depends upon the stress ratio. In this study, authors have investigated the effect of stress ratio on the threshold overload shut-off ratio to generate arrest of fatigue crack growth in high tensile aluminum alloy 7075-T735 which have used in material for air travel structures, It has been $-0.4\leqqR\leqq0.4$ till now, the region of stress ratio investigated. The threshold overload shut-off ratio has decreased as stress ratio has increased in overall region of -$-0.4\leqqR\leqq0.4$ and the linearity has been seen in this material. Moreover, the experimental equation between $R_{so}$ and R has been made; The relation has been $R_{so}=-R+2.6$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 1990

The compression creep behavior of grains when loaded depends not only on load but also on duration of load application. The most common methods of studying the load-time characteristics of agricultural products is by employing rheological models such as Burger's model. However it is sometimes not sufficient to describe the viscoelastic behavior of grains to be Burger's model. For this reason, this study was conducted to develop the rheological model which represented the creep compliance response of the rough rice kernel and was a function of initial stress applied and time. The effects of the initial stress applied and the moisture content on the compression creep behavior of the rough rice kernel were analyzed. The results were obtained from the study as follows: 1. Since the viscoelastic behavior of the rough rice kernel was nonlinear, the transient and steady state creep compliance was satisfactorily modelled as follows: $$J({\sigma},t)=A{\sigma}^B[C+Dt-exp(-Ft)]$$ But, for the every stress applied, the compression creep behavior of the samples tested can be well described by Burger's model respectively. 2. The creep compliance, the instantaneous elastic strain, the retarded elastic strain and the viscous strain of the sample tested generally increased in magnitude with increasing the applied initial stress and the moisture content used in the tests. At low moisture content, the creep compliance for the Japonica-type rough rice kernel Was a little higher than those for Indica-type and at high moisture content, vice versa at high moisture content. 3. The retardation times of the samples had not an uniform tendency by the initial stress and the moisture content. The retardation times ranged from 0.66 to 6.76 seconds, and the creep progressed from transient to steady state at a relatively high rate. 4. The less viscous strain than the instantaneous elastic strain for the samples tested indicated that rough rice kernel behaved as a viscoelastic body characterized by elasticity than viscosity.