• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.153-160
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• 2011

Some problems facing the cities in modern times begin to be highlighted due to the development into the information-oriented society via the stage of industralization. The structures built centering on the second industries have become superannuated to degenerate as horrid objects while losing their purposefulness with the emergence of the information age. In designing a hotel space where people stay temporarily unlike the housing space for a permanent stay, housing designers are making efforts to work on space design that could be more imprinted in the mind of the users. As the fruit of their sheer labor, the space design in modern hotel design comes to direct a diversity of atmospheres by virtue of various art genres which try to apply it to a space by borrowing it and changing its appearance. Thus, this study aims to look into how the gradually evolving conversion design hotel come to be recreated as an urban regeneration space while retaining the value of the space used in the past, and to analyze & systematize its subsequent design patterns applied to conversion design hotel space with focus on the recent cases.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2002

Recently, the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the country due to a high economic growth, require optimization, usage and the expansion of underground space. Therefore the consturction of large and deep basements takes place in braced excavated area where their earth retaining structures cause many problems such as settlement and damages of nearby buildings and underground utilities. this study deals with the influence distance of settlement and the amount for settlement based on the measurement which were obtained at five excavation construction sites. Maximum ground surface settlement, (0.28∼0.3)(%)H utilizing depth, is similar to the measurement and the value by Clough's method. It was found that the settlement and the influence distance of settlement calculated by Clough's method were rational.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Despite a number of advantages of reinforced earth walls over conventional concrete retaining walls, there exit concerns over long-term residual deformation when used as part of permanent structures. In view of these concerns, time-dependant deformation characteristics of geosynthetic reinforced modular block walls under sustained loads were investigated using reduced-scale model tests. The results indicated that a sustained load can yield appreciable magnitude of residual deformation, and that the magnitude of residual deformation depends on the loading characteristic as well as reinforcement stiffness.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.101-110
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• 1995

The use of geotextile as reinforced materials in Soil structures has become widespread throughout the world. Geotextile reinforcement has been used in retaining walls, slope of embankment and especially soft foundation, etc. In the past, however, its design and construction have been performed empirically. In this study, to investigate of the effect of geotextiles reinforced slope of the embankment on a very soft foundation, a limit equilibrium analysis program calculating the safety factor of embankment on very soft foundation was developed. The study was focussed on such factors as type of geotextile, tensile strength, amount of reinforcement, and inclination of embankment. And the 4imit equilibrium analysis program was written on the basis of Low's slope stability theory with some modification. The following conclusions were drawn from this study. (1) The orientation of reinforcement can be assumed either horizontal or tangential to the slip circle. The factor of safety with tangential reinforcement is larger than that with the horizontal reinforcement. (2) In general, the factor of safety increases, as the slope reduces. However, it is preferable to use geotextiles with higher tensile strength rather than to reduce the slope of the embankment, because it is difficult to adjust the slope as desired. (3) The factor of safety obtained by numerical computation is affected only by the tensile strength, but not by the type of the geotextile.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.1260-1268
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• 2008

In case of deep excavation analysis, the theory of beam on elasto-plastic geo-material (elasto-plastic theory) can not consider the inclined ground layers appropriately. It is frequently assumed that the soil layers are parallel to the surface. However, the soil layers are generally inclined and even asymmetric. The common modelling of the asymmetric half section of the excavation system using the elasto-plastic theory, can lead differences from the real behaviour of ground, which has critical significance in case of deep excavation in urban area. In this study, an attempt to find appropriate modelling methods was made by carrying out a comparative study between the FEM and the elasto-plastic analyses. It is shown that in case of the upward-inclined soil profile the elasto-plastic theory may underestimate the performance of retaining structures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2007.09a
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• pp.514-527
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• 2007

Earth reinforcement techniques are used worldwide and offer proven solutions to a wide range of geotechnical engineering problems. Here in this paper, recent developments of three major reinforced soil retaining wall methods in Japan were introduced in order to show how the current situation of this technique in Japan is. And the statistical data for the volume of the use was also shown, such as the total volume of the use, the scales of the structures, layout of the earth reinforcement, fill materials, and foundation conditions. Some of the case histories were also introduced with photographs and figures. And then, as one of recent research activity by the author, the study on the application of X-ray CT for the problem of earth reinforcement method combined with other method such as piling and soil improvement was introduced. In this study, a series of model test for several reinforced ground with geogrids was conducted using a newly developed test apparatus. Then, the behavior in the soil box was scanned after settlement using X-ray CT scanner. Based on these test results, the reinforcing effect by the geogrids and the soil arching effect over the pile heads was discussed precisely and those are done in 3-D with nondestructive condition. Finally, the effectiveness of the use of X-ray CT scanner in geotechnical engineering was promised.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2007

In the recent design of high ductile engineered cementitious composites (ECC), optimizing both processing and mechanical properties for specific applications is critical. This study employs a method to develop useful ECC produced with slag particles (slag-ECC) in the field, which possesses different fluid properties to facilitate diverse types of processing (i.e., self-consolidating or spray processing). Control of rheological modulation was regarded as a key factor to allow the performance of the desired processing while retaining the ductile material properties. To control the rheological properties of the composite, the basic slag-ECC composition was initially obtained, determined based on micromechanics and steady-state cracking theory. The stability and consequent viscosity of the suspensions were then mediated by optimizing the dosage of the chemical and mineral admixtures. The rheological properties altered through this approach were revealed to be effective in obtaining ECC-hardened properties, represented by pseudo strain-hardening behavior in uniaxial tension, allowing the readily achievement of the desired function of the fresh ECC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.1602-1610
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• 2005

In this study was investigated and analyzed of damage characteristics for infrastructures by typhoon that have been many occur. The objective Structures were the road and hydraulic structure. The road structure was included the cut-slopes, retaining walls and bridges. The hydraulic structure is divided with the dike, small-scale dam, reservoir and floodgate. The analysis result of the bridge damage cause is river bottom height increase and passage ability decrease. The principal damage reasons of the cut-slope structure are weakening the ground due to the localized torrential downpour and drainage defective. Also, the principal damage reasons of the small-scale dam, reservoir, dike and the floodgate are continuous collapse of dike beside the floodgate.And we divided a typhoon damage occurrence cause with artificial and natural. As the result of analysis, the many damage occurrence cause will be removed by system improvement and technical development.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2016

Aloe vera has been used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industry for its therapeutic properties. However, there are not many current studies on the microstructure of A. vera compared to studies on the chemical constituents and health efficacy of A. vera. Therefore, we compared the morphology of an A. vera leaf using an optical microscope, a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a cryo-SEM. Especially, this study focused on observing the gel in the inner leaf of A. vera, which is challenging using standard imaging techniques. We found that cryo-SEM is most suitable method for the observation of highly hydrated biomaterials such as A. vera without removing moisture in samples. In addition, we found the optimal analytical conditions of cryo-SEM. The sublimation conditions of $-100^{\circ}C$ and 10 minutes possibly enable the surface of the inner leaf of A. vera to be observed in their "near life-like" state with retaining moisture. The experiment was repeated with A. arborescens and A. saponaria to confirm the feasibility of the conditions. The results of this study can be applied towards the basic research of aloe and further extend previous knowledge about the surface structures of the various succulent plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.745-751
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• 2009

The anchor is used extensively for a cutting slope, an earth retaining wall, an uplift resistance of sub-structures and so on at civil engineering projects and is classified by aim in use, tendon material, and ground/tension fixing type. It can be distinguished extensively into friction type, bearing type, and complex type by ground fixing type. Generally, bond length of friction type anchor has application to 3~10m depending on the friction-resistance characteristics. In this study, 'DEW(double enlargement wedge) bearing type anchor' of new concept is devised. The bond length is about 0.6~0.8m. It can be used on the ground to have the strength characteristics above it of weathered rock. There are merits which are 'period reduction' and 'cost saving' through the minimum of the boring length. In addition, it is so called environmentally friendly Methods because it can reduce the quantity of carbon dioxide through the reducing drilling machine operation time.