• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.524-537
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of combinations of diverse methods notifying price discounts (i.e., reference price, odd price, and discount rate signs) and the relationships among product attribute perception, discount perception, attitude toward product, and purchase intention of product. Experiments were conducted where 12 stimuli of different price discount information notifications regarding T-shirt advertisements were presented to 352 informants. The results showed that notification of each type of discount information increased discount perception, whereas no effect due to the size of letters used in the discount rate notification was found. As more price discount information notifications were used, discount perception tended to become stronger. The results of ANOVA analysis show that both product attribute perception and discount perception affected attitude toward the product. In addition, product purchase intention was determined by attitude toward the product as well as price discount perception. Based on these findings, marketers may want to use a combination of methods of price discount notifications in advertisements to deliver price discount information clearly to consumers. Confirmation of discount information using multiple cues would help consumers to notice and perceive price discount information provided by retailers more effectively. Discount information is crucial for increasing both purchase intention and favorable attitude, therefore, diverse strategies regarding discount information presentations should be developed, tested and applied in the real world of retailing.

• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

Purpose - Faced with the great change of the 4th industrial revolution and the addition of the COVID-19 pandemic, great confusion and crises are occurring in the retail environment as well. The purpose of this study is to suggest the necessity of establishing a methodology for applying retail tech to offline distribution channels in crisis. Research design, data, and methodology - After examining the recent developments of representative fields to which retail technology is applied, it is rearranged through consideration through previous studies. Result - The retail industry must transform into digital commerce through digital transformation. According to the development of retail technology, the distribution industry is at a time of change from the stage of brokering product and service transactions to a structure that creates value based on information on production and consumption. The business model of the distribution industry must be converted to a platform business model in which both consumers and producers become users. Conclusion - In-depth analysis of the cases has not been conducted, and there are limitations in that the development is somewhat insufficient due to insufficient prior research data. However, it is meaningful to suggest the necessity of finding a methodology for applying retail technology to overcome the crisis of offline retailers through quantitative research on the retail technology area.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.79-90
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• 2021

Purpose: The covid-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of strict measure such as social distancing and lockdown around the globe and these measures has largely affected the retail industry. This study is to examine the negative impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on the acceleration of startups innovation in the retail industry. Research design, data and methodology: The current authors used the qualitative content approach and the data collection process in this procedure starts with a formulated and direct research question which means that rather than asking how a change in one variable leads to a change in the other, the research question seeks to understand the meanings and experiences derived from the piece of communication. Results: This section outlines how retail companies can overcome the adversely effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the acceleration of startup innovation in the retail industry. The solutions are mostly from peer-reviewed articles. All retailers should respond to the negative impacts of the covid-19 pandemic to ensure their continuity while accelerating startups innovations in the sector. Conclusion: This study implies that the retailing industry, alongside other sectors, should respond to the negative effects of the covid-19 pandemic by encouraging innovations and adaptations. The study has shown that flexibility is very crucial to adapt during the crisis

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.87-97
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• 2021

Purpose: Compared with the past when Japanese retailers used to hesitate to open their shops in the Korean market, because of anti-Japan sentiment, they show confidence in Korea in recent. This study, thus, aims at examining how socio-demographic factors have an impact on customer attitudes towards a Japanese retailer as a shopping destination. Research design, data, and methodology: After the literature review process, the authors have developed a variety of questions to verify the relationship amongst the variables like nationalism, consumer ethnocentrism, war animosity, store country-of-origin and anti-Japan sentiment. Furthermore, after collected questionnaires, the authors used confirmative factor analysis (CFA), T test and linear regression analysis to verify the 25 hypotheses developed. Results: Except for a household size element, it is found that gender, age, education and income levels are related to the degree of nationalism, ethnocentrism, war animosity, store country-of-origin and anti-Japan sentiment. In other words, socio-economic elements influenced Korean customer attitudes towards Japanese retailers. Conclusions: Korean customers tend to show different shopping attitudes towards the Japanese retailers, depending on the characteristics of socio-demographic elements. Furthermore, changing socio-demographic factors will provide positive business opportunities for Japanese retailers in the future.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.23-33
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• 2022

Purpose: The objective of the study is to examine the role of approval goals, subjective norm, internal motivation, external motivation, attitude towards behavior, and perceived behavioral control on retail consumer's intention to consume fortified food in Pakistan. Research design, data, and methodology: The study was quantitative in nature. That is why the data were collected from 384 respondents approaching retail stores of Lahore, Gujranwala, and Faisalabad using mall intercept survey. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. Results: The results show that approval goals significantly influence subjective norms. Secondly, subjective norms positively influence internal and external motivation. Thirdly, attitude towards behavior and internal motivation significantly impacted on intention. However, the findings of the study show, non-significant relationship of external motivation and perceived behavioral control with intention to consume fortified food. Conclusion: Theory of reasoned goal pursuit was used to investigate consumer intention to consume fortified food in Pakistan. This study is helpful for the marketers to create a word-of-mouth strategy to enhance positive word of mouth for the company, which ultimately beneficial to develop the distribution strategy of the firm. Fortified food is full of health enriched ingredients which is beneficial for society at large.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.13-22
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• 2022

Purpose: The paper contributes to the existing literature on Vietnamese corporate governance and firm performance with a focus on listed family firms and the use of a more suitable econometric framework to analyze firm performance. The study investigates how family firm performance is affected by corporate governance under the standpoint of stewardship theory in Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: With the use of different measures for firm performance (Tobin's Q, ROA, and ROE), regression models were estimated using Generalized Least Square (GLS) method on a panel data of a total of 113 listed companies during the five-year period from 2015 to 2019. Results: We found that family ownership as the main characteristic of the stewardship theory affects family firms positively. In addition, several other characteristics in corporate governance as board composition (board independence, board audits, and board committees), CEO (age and tenure) and firm characteristics (size, age, expansion, and annual sales) showed significant impacts on firm performance. Our findings also suggest that family firm performance can be either positively or negatively affected based on the characteristics of corporate governance. The findings can help companies evaluate the significance of corporate governance through deciding board structure and the selection of CEOs to match family firm characteristics. It also gives insights for investors, rating agencies, and policymakers for relevant purposes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 2021

Purpose: Retailing is a very special sector because it demonstrates the effectiveness of combined products and services to create business values. In this study, the author wants to investigate particular areas in the distribution sciences of the purchasing process in Coopmart (Saigon Coop-Vietnam), which is about sauces and seasoning. Research design, data and methodology: The data were collected by experts of Saigon coop, which first went through the Delphi method to choose criteria and sub-criteria for the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP). Results: After a long process of calculation based on AHP, the final supplier is chosen according to experts' interview; Masan is the most potential candidate to be the main supplier of sauces and seasoning to Coop mart. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the typical methods such as quantitative analysis of this process - AHP. With the aim of increasing the computational content of the evaluation process suppliers, especially the comparison of suppliers in the same industry as AHP has shown. This enables analyses of all the providers to be more scientific. Conclusions: Thus, this paper would help the facility managers ensure objectives to the reasonable decision, which can be based on AHP to get more information, implement plans and get strategic collaboration with suppliers.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.25-35
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors affecting customer satisfaction in the customer reviews of omni-channel, posted on Internet blogs, cafes, and YouTube using text mining analysis. Research, data, and Methodology: In this study, frequency analysis is performed and the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) is used to analyze social big data to respond to reviewers' reaction to the recently opened omni-channel shopping reviews by L Shopping Company. Additionally, based on the topic analysis, we conduct a sentiment analysis on purchase reviews and analyze the characteristics of each topic on the positive or negative sentiments of omni-channel app users. Results: As a result of a topic analysis, four main topics are derived: delivery and events, economic value, recommendations and convenience, and product quality and brand awareness. The emotional analysis reveals that the reviewers have many positive evaluations for price policy and product promotion, but negative evaluations for app use, delivery, and product quality. Conclusions: Retailers can establish customized marketing strategies by identifying the customer's major interests through text mining analysis. Additionally, the analysis of sentiment by subject becomes an important indicator for developing products and services that customers want by identifying areas that satisfy customers and areas that evoke negative reactions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.229-242
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• 2022

Creating a new retailing environment to meet the seamless experience requirements of consumers is a challenge for Omnichannel-related businesses. Based on the "appraisal-emotion-response" chain, the purpose of this research is to explore the psychological mechanism of omnichannel integration influencing customer retention and the moderating effect of customer showrooming experience. This research uses a structural equation model in partial least square software to analyze a two-stage survey (Study 1: n = 210; Study 2: n = 342) conducted in China. The results show that channel control experience has three dimensions: perceived channel attribute familiarity, channel type matching, and cross-channel access convenience; consistent interactive experience has two dimensions: information cross-channel consistency and cross-channel service support. Furthermore, both channel control experience and consistent interactive experience are favorable for customer retention through increased customer satisfaction (transactional and retailer satisfaction). Finally, customer showrooming experience positively moderates the relationship between consistent interactive experience and customer satisfaction. This research proposes a self-regulation process model to explain how omnichannel integration enhances consumers' experience, finally leading to consumer retention. The findings contribute to the omnichannel retail business literature and provide management implications for Asian retailers to implement an omnichannel business strategy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Purpose: This study attemptsto investigate the moderating effects of environmental turbulence (ET) between learning orientation (LO) and SMEs' performance. Research design, data, and Methodology: To gain insights and provide implications for manufacturing SMEs in Pakistan, this study adopted simple random sampling to collect 379 valid responses. Data were collected through a self-administrative questionnaire from manufacturing SMEs owners/managers. Partial least squares of structural equation modeling have been used to test research hypotheses by using SmartPLS® 3.0 software. Results: The study's primary finding is that LO has a significantly positive effect on SMEs' performance and this relationship is strengthened under the moderating influence of environmental turbulence (ET). Conclusion: Environmental turbulence (ET) enables SMEs to focus on learning capability to get a more competitive advantage. Moreover, SMEs owner/managers ought to emphasize continuous learning that accentuates the capability to compete with environmental changes. Findings support notifying Pakistan's Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority (SMEDA) in dealings with Manufacturing SMEs in terms of improving their internal capabilities. This research contributes to the literature as it provides a more detailed and in-depth explanation of distribution management-related issues faced by SMEs. This research carries a significant influence on literature and relevant Resource-based view and contingency theories.