• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.87-101
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to analyze supplier's optimal decision of the buyback price facing irrational retailers. It has been known that retailers show irrational ordering behaviors, such as pull-to-center effect. We model the retailer's pull-to-center behavior and derive the supplier's optimal buyback price considering the retailer's bounded rationality. The result shows that the supplier's profit can be significantly improved exploiting the retailer's irrationality in the ordering behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.117-134
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• 2012

We analyze a systematic relationship between transaction mechanisms and wholesale pricing schemes within a supply-chain with two competing suppliers and a monopolistic retailor. When one of the suppliers changes its transaction mechanism from an independent scheme to a cooperative one, then the wholesale prices of the suppliers become cheaper than before. When one supplier changes its transaction scheme to a cooperative one while the other supplier sticks to the existing independent transaction scheme, we show that the supplier with a cooperative transaction scheme can realize the increased profit via a profit sharing contract with the retailer but the supplier with independent transaction scheme can face the decreased profit. We also show that both suppliers can achieve the higher profits by adopting the cooperative schemes with the retailer.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 2012

We analyze a transaction mechanism so-called the revenue sharing transaction model and its dynamics in a supply chain with two competing suppliers and a monopolistic retailer when the demand pattern is uncertain and the back-order is allowed in case. We assume that the products by the suppliers are substitutable each other with a certain degree even though their retail prices are different. It is proved that a supplier and the retailer in the supply chain have some room for enjoying the possibility of their increased profits comparing with the present ones by adopting the suggested revenue sharing scheme. Furthermore, such a transaction model is beneficial even to the customers by offering a lower retail price than before. On the contrary, we observe that another supplier which sticks to an existing transaction scheme is supposed to suffer some decrease in its profit as a result.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

It has been studied that retailer's using a suboptimal (R, T) policy is often more desirable to make the best use of information flows than the locally optimal (s, S) policy in a two-stage serial supply chain. In this paper, by performing an extensive computational study, we tabulate the benefit of the retailer's using (R, T) policy instead of (s, S) policy in a supply chain with information sharing, and compare it to a maximum possible benefit that could be achieved in a centralized supply chain. We can understand the mechanisms of how the cost parameters and demand variance affect the benefit of the retailer's using (R, T) policy instead of (s, S) policy, by comparing decentralized and centralized systems.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.176-180
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• 2023

Aim of this study to examine the mediating role of network service between perceived quality, retailer service and customer satisfaction during COVID-19. Primary data gathered through adopted questionnaire from previous studies and 200 university students were asked to fill online questionnaire during COVID-19 situation in country. Structural Equation Modelling technique applied in order to test the proposed hypothesis generated from existing literature review. Findings revealed full mediation effect of network service for both perceived quality and retailer service on customer satisfaction during COVID-19. New insights of this study are key role of network services is identified and university students' satisfaction is measured for online classes in developing country, Pakistan. In future serial mediation is suggested for validity of existing results in developed and developing countries.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.15
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• pp.25-45
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• 2002

The purpose of study is to examine how tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer affect trust, commitment, and repurchase intention in the distribution channel of travel industry. There are several detailed purposes of this study. First, this study is to grasp the factors of tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer. Secondly, this study is to examine how tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer affect trust and commitment. Thirdly, this study is to examine how trust on tour wholesaler, which is divided into two levels, firm and salesperson in charge, affects each other and commitment. Fourthly, this study is to examine how trust on tour wholesaler finn and salesperson in charge and commitment affect repurchase intention. Fifthly, this study is to suggest more efficient basis for marketing strategies to C.E.O or officer in charge of decision making of tour wholesaler, and help them to make right decisions. Managerial implications can be drawn from this study. One is that it is recognized that tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer consist of those to tour wholesaler finn such as reputation, physical characteristics, communication and those to salesperson in charge such as expertise, likability, similarity, frequent contact affect trust and commitment positively. Therefore, C.E.O and officer in charge of decision making of tour wholesaler should set up marketing strategies to get positive results at both levels, a finn and a salesperson. The other is that it is important that a tour wholesaler should manage their tour retailer with relationship oriented methods such as building trust, and make every endeavor to retain long term relationship with tour retailer.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.577-582
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• 2022

Credit transactions are used as a means of price discrimination from competitors in order for suppliers to increase customer demand. In particular, in the case of a two-stage supply chain consisting of a supplier, a retailer, and a customer, the deferral of payment for goods allowed by the supplier is a means of reducing the inventory investment cost of the retailer. Retailers have the opportunity to discount the selling price while anticipating an increase in end-customer demand through the reduction of the inventory investment cost. In view of the fact that such trade credit is provided for the purpose of increasing demand as a means of discrimination from competitors, it may be more general that the credit transaction period is allowed flexibly according to the transaction volume. In particular, in the case of deteriorating products, the credit transaction period given according to the order volume is a factor that increases the order volume of the retailer, but product deterioration can be a limiting factor in the increase in the order volume. The deterioration rate actually plays an important role in determining the inventory policy of the retailer. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of such deterioration rate on the inventory policy of retailer is analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.111-120
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• 2007

In this study, we consider the mechanism or the contract to mitigate inefficiency of individual and partial optimization in decentralized supply chain, which consist of a manufacturer and a retailer and In which the latter can increase demands by practicing her own promotional efforts. In that supply chain, we show to be able to achieve profit level in centralized channel by manufacturer's 'allowance' to retailer.

• IE interfaces
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• v.17 no.spc
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• pp.90-96
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• 2004

In this paper, we consider the joint replenishment problem of a one-warehouse, n-retailer system. We introduce a joint replenishment and delivery strategy of a warehouse and develop a mathematical model based on the proposed strategy. Two efficient algorithms are presented and compared using numerical examples. The proposed strategy is compared with the common cycle strategy for 1,600 randomly generated problems, and has been proven to be superior to the common cycle strategy.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-29
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• 1998

Manufacturers want brand promotions at the stores. In contrast, retailers want promotions for the stores rather than for the brands since better store promotions can attract customers from the competing retail stores. In this paper, three scenarios are assumed for the promotions in terms of the allowances or the side-payments form the manufacturer to the retailer and the pass-through rate for the allowances being used for the brand promotions by the retailer. An analytical model for the marketing channel distribution is used for the analysis. Then, several marketing implications are suggested based on the findings.