• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.5-18
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• 2018

Purpose - In recent years, new retail innovations have emerged in the Japanese eyeglasses industry and grown as a retail format. The purpose of this study is to establish the process model of retail format creation by examining how a retailer creates a retail format and under what kind of environmental conditions. Research design, data, and methodology - This study pointed out the weakness of the concept of the retail format in existing research on the retail format in existing research on the retail format variation theory and suggested the concept of "Formula" to analyze an individual retailer. This study categorized the subjects categorize the subjects of retail format creation into four categories, and analyzed JINS which is the retail format leader in the Japanese eyeglass industry. This study used secondary data because it is valid. Results - This research found "product handling skill," "changes to consumer purchasing patterns," and "competitive interaction" as environmental factors influencing retail format creation. This study highlighted how JINS adapted those environmental factors to create their original formula and suggested the process model of retail format creation through the JINS case study. Conclusions - This study discussed two theoretical implications and three managerial impressions which were derived from the JINS case study. This study also discussed limitations and further research issues.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2018

Purpose - This research is to examine how different Korean retailers are from Japanese ones, in terms of taking a social responsibility for product scandals. Through a comparative analysis, the authors will provide some implications for retailers in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on the existing literature studied how retailers as well as manufacturers responded to food poisoning and product scandals, the authors compared Korea with Japan, in terms of taking a social responsibility. Results - As soon as food safety scandals occurred in Japan, a local government quickly ordered Snow Brand to recall and stop producing problematic milk products. In addition, retailers have stopped displaying them on their store shelves to minimize the number of victims. By stopping selling them, Japanese retailers took a social responsibility for product scandals. Conclusions - The authors found that retailers play a very important role in protecting customer rights. Moreover, customers have become more and more aware of the roles of retailers taking a social responsibility for social issues. The research proposes that a government has to develop the laws to protect customers from food poisoning and product safety issues effectively and that boycott campaigns should be legally protected by a government and promoted by customers.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제11권sup호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2012

As the retail industry has been challenged by stiff competition, the retailer becomes more interested in better understanding consumers' in-store behavior to gain and sustain competitive advantage. Consumers' shopping paths provide valuable clues to understanding customers' in-store behavior, which has been a long standing research issue in business. This study is to explore the shopping path patterns in a grocery using RFID technology and clustering method. To this end, we designed the RFID systems, affixing active RFID tags to the bottom of grocery carts. The tag emit signal that is received by receptors installed at various location throughout the store. The RFID systems provide the time and location of the cart while consumers shop around the store. The point of sale data are matched with the cart movement records to provide a complete picture of each shopping path. To find the distinctive patterns of consumers' shopping paths, we proposed the distance-index matrix using dijkstra method and normalization method to conduct the clustering in order to handle the problem in measuring the similarity among shopping paths, which is raised by the spatial nature of consumer movement in a grocery. After analyzing the RFID data obtained in one of the groceries in a major Korean retailer, we could successfully identify several distinctive patterns of shopping paths, which prove to provide the valuable implications for store management.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2005

The results of a study of the coordination effect in stocking and promotional markdown policies for a supply chain consisting of a retailer and a discount outlet (DCO) are reported here. We assume that the product is sold in two consecutive periods: the Normal Sales Period (NSP) and the subsequent Promotional Markdown Sales Period (PSP). We first study an integrated supply chain in which managers in the two periods design a common system so as to jointly decide the stocking quantities, markdown time schedule, and markdown price to maximize mutual profit. Next, we consider a decentralized supply chain. An uncoordinated contract is designed in which decisions are decentralized to optimize the individual party's objective function. Here, three sources of system inefficiencies cause the decentralized system to earn a lower expected system profit than that in the integrated supply chain. The three sources are as follows: in the decentralized system the retailer tends to (1) stock less, and (2) keep a longer sales period, and the DCO tends to (3) stock fewer leftovers inventories and charge a higher markdown price. Finally, a numerical experiment is provided to compare the coordinated model with the uncoordinated model to explore factors that make coordination an effective approach.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.67-78
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• 1997

Fashion store patronage behavior can be observed when consumer's desires and expectations are fulfilled. Thus, in order to achieve successful business in sales, a retailer must continually analyze why target consumers choose particular stores and patronize them. This study identified the relevant factors of the patronage behavior of female college students residing in Seoul. Thus, this study can achieve Its goal of enabling retailers to predict shopping orientations and emphasis on store attributes, so that help retailer to establish new positions of their shops to differentiate them from others and, also, to reposition existing stores. The aims of this study were as follows; First, identify the classification of stores that female college students in Seoul patronize. Second, classify the female students' shopping orientations, emphasizing store attributes, and identify relationships between them and fashion store patronage behavior. Relationships between the factors of shopping orientations and store attributes, and patronage behavior were identified by use of Tukey's test, Duncan test, and ANOVA. As a result, it showed significant differences among patronage groups according to nearly every factor of shopping orientations and store attributes. As based on the results, this study is expected to assist that retailers can establish effective marketing strategies in order to make continuously consumers' partronage behavior of a store.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1997

Fashion store patronage behavior includes, in broad, choosing of a store and strong preference of a certain store called store-royalty. Thus, in order to achieve successful business in sales, a retailer must continually analyze why target consumers choose particular stores and patronize them. This study identified the relevant factors of the patronage behavior of female college students residing in Seoul. Thus, this study can achieve its goal of enabling retailers to predict use information sources used by the target consumers, so that help retailer to establish new positions of their shops to differentiate them from others and, also, to reposition existing stores. The aims of this study were to classify information sources used by female college students and identify the relationships between them and fashion store patronage behavior. Relationship between the factors of information sources and patronage behavior were identified by use of Tukey's test, Duncan test and ANOVA. As a result, it showed significant differences among patronage groups according to nearly every factor of information sources used by female college students. As based on the results, this study is expected to assist that retailers can establish effective sale strategies in order to make continuously consumers' patronage behavior of a store.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2014

It is widely confirmed that online retailers can obtain crucial resources and greater growth potential by depending on the external web portal sites as it is explained in resource dependence theory. Nevertheless, recent studies show that the effect of dependence may not always be beneficial for firms and stress the importance of finding relevant contingent factors. In this study, we identify and suggest that firms' age and niche width strategy, whether generalist or specialist, are contributing factors on moderating the positive relationship between resource dependence and firm growth. To test our hypotheses based on the theory, we have collected monthly web traffic data of online retailers and portals from March 2000 and July 2008. The empirical results lend support to our theory of the firm age having a negative interaction effect on web traffic dependence. Moreover, results verified that positive effect of depending on the portals may become greater if the online retailer is a specialist in terms of niche width.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2010

A system called demand response programs (DRP) is being introduced among various countries owing to the lack of new generation capacity and the higher fuel generation cost. It is a program which provides for the end-users to select their consumption of electricity by recognizing the value of their consumption in real time. That is, Demand Response can be defined as the changes in electric usage by end-use customers from their normal consumption patterns in response to changes in the price of electricity or other signals. It is expected that the effects of DRP are preventing price spike, improving supply reliability and social welfare and increasing option of customers. Considering the customer's thermal comfort zone, this paper determines the most profitable combination of optimal incentives and amounts of load reduction for a retailer to maximize profits according to predicted outdoor temperatures while implementing DRP.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.570-581
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate competitive structure between the department store and the discount store based on consumers' purchase intention. Female consumers who purchased clothing both in the department store and the discount store participated in the study by completing questionnaires (N=533) . Data were analyzed using factor analyses, paired t-test, Cronbach's $\alpha$, and chi-square analyses. The result was as following: 1 . Overall, the department store and the discount store are competing complementarily. However, this competitive structure varied with clothing items and consumers' age. 2. As a result of factor analyses, the two retailer's service quality could be evaluated with four dimensions: price and A/S, store atmosphere and VMD, store policy, and salesperson. 3. The department store was expected to provide the highest level of service in ‘price and A/S’, ‘store atmosphere and VMD’, ‘salesperson’ whereas the discount store in ‘store policy’ 4. Respondents were classified in four groups according to how frequently they use department store and discount store as following: shopper of both retailers (68.35％), discount store shopper(20.97%), department store shopper(4.70%), shopper of neither retailer(3.97％). Each group showed differences in service satisfaction and demographic characteristics.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2010

Can eBay.com's fee structure coordinate the channel? It's a critical strategic problem in e-commerce operations and an interesting research hypothesis as well. eBay's fees include three parts: monthly subscription fee, insertion fee, and final value fee (i.e., a revenue sharing portion), which represent a generic form of revenue sharing fee structure between the retailer and the vendor in a supply chain. This research deals with such a channel consisting of a price-setting vendor who sells products through eBay's marketplace exclusively to the end customers. The up- and down-stream channel relationship is consignment-based revenue sharing. We use a game-theoretic approach with assumption of the retailer (i.e., eBay.com) being a Stackelberg-leader and the vendor being a follower. The Stackelberg-leader decides on the terms of revenue sharing contract (i.e., fee structure), and the follower (vendor) decides on how many units to sell and the items' selling price. This study formulates several profit-maximization models by considering the effects of the retail price on the demand function. Under such settings, we show that eBay's fee structure can improve the channel efficiency; yet it cannot coordinate the channel optimally.