• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.68-92
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• 1995

Recentry the structure of the retail trade have been chanaed with its environmantal changes. Some studies may be necessary on the changing process of environment and fundamental structure analyses of the retail trade. This study analyzes the location of retail trades, inhabitants' behavior in retail tredes and their desirable utilization scheme of them in Kwangju-si. Some study methods, contents and coming-out results are as follows: 1. Retail trades can be classified into independent stores, chain-stores (supermarket, voluntary chain and frenchiise system and convenience store), department stores, cooperative associations, traditional, markets mail-order marketing, automatic vending and others by service levels, selling-items, prices, managements, methods of retailing and store or nonstore type. 2. In Kwangju, the environment of retail trades is related to the consumers of population structure: chanes in consumers pattern, trends toward agings and nuclear family, increase of leisur: time and female advances to society. Rapid structural shift in retail trade has also been occurred due to these social changes. Traditionl and premodern markets until 1970s altere to supermarkets or department stores in 1980s, and various types, large enterprises and foreign capitals came into being in 1990s. 3. The locational characteristics of retail trades are resulted from the spatial analysis of the total population distribution, and from the calculation of segregation index in the light of potential demand. The densely-populated areas occurs in newly-built apartment housing complex which is distributed with a ring-shaped pattern around the old urban core. The numbers and rates of the aged over sixty in Kwangsan-gu and the circumference area of Mt.Moodeung, are larger and higher where rural elements are remarkable. A relation between population distribution and retail trade are analysed by the index of population per shop. The index of the population number per shop is lower in urban center, as a whole, being more convenient for consumers. In newly-formed apartment complex areas, on the other, the index more than 1,000 per shop, meeting not the demands for consumers. Because both the younger and the aged are numerous in these areas, the retail trade pattern pertinent to both are needed. Urban fringes including Kwangsan-gu and the vicinity of Mt.Moodeung have some problems owing to the most of population number per shop (more than 1, 500) and the most extensive as well. 4. The regional characteristic of retail trade is analyzed through the location quotient of shops by locational patterns and centerality index. Chungkum-dong is the highest-order central place in CBD. It is the core of retail trades, which has higher-ordered specialty store including three big department stores, supermarkets and large stores. Taegum-dong, Chungsu-dong, Taeui-dong, and Numun-dong that are neiahbored to Chungkum-dong fall on the second group. They have a central commercial section where large chain stores, specialty shopping streets, narrow-line retailing shops (furniture, amusement service, and gallary), supermarkets and daily markets are located. The third group is formed on the axis of state roads linking to Naju-kun, Changseong-kun, Tamyang-kun, Hwasun-kun and forme-Songjeong-eup. It is related to newly, rising apartment housing complex along a trunk road, and characterized by markets and specialty stores. The fourth group has neibourhood-shopping centers including older residential area and Songjeong-eup area with independent stores and supermarkets as main retailing functions. The last group contains inner residential area and outer part of a city including Songjeong-eup. Outer part of miscellaneous shops being occasionally found is rural rather than urban (Fig. 7). 5. The residents' behaviors using retail trade are analyzed by factors of goods and facilities. Department stores are very high level in preference for higher-order shopping-goods such as clothes for full dress in view of both diversity and quality of goods(28.9%). But they have severe traffic congestions, and high competitions for market ranges caused by their sma . 64.0% of respondents make combined purpose trips together with banking and shopping. 6. For more efficiency of retail-trading, it is necessary to induce spatial distribution policy with regard to opportunity frequency of goods selection by central place, frontier regions and age groups. Also we must consider to analyze competition among different types of retail trade and analyze the consumption behaviors of working females and younger-aged groups, in aspects of time and space. Service improvement and the rationalization of management should be accomplished in such as cooperative location (situation) must be under consideration in relations to other functions such as finance, leisure & sports, and culture centers. Various service systems such as installment, credit card and peremium ticket, new used by enterprises, must also be carried service improvement. The rationalization and professionalization in for the commercial goods are bsically requested.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.14
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• pp.193-212
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• 2004

This study attempted to provide preliminary information for retailers to identify viable entertainment elements and to select and develop the optimal mix of entertainment elements for target consumer groups. The study examined consumer responses to various retail entertainment elements and analyzed differences in responses by consumer characteristics. The index of retail entertainment elements was developed with 49 items including entertainment facilities, dining facilities, retail, service facilities, store atmosphere, and marketing mix. The results from respondents' perceived excitement and visit intention for each entertainment element generally showed higher responses to basic marketing mix and store atmosphere elements rather than to entertainment and dining facilities. There were significant differences in responses by gender and age. The results imply that selection and application of retail entertainment elements need to consider target consumer characteristics.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to understand the internal and external responses that consumers experience when they are exposed to an innovative system in retail stores. This study considered the SST(Self-Service Technology) system in a retail setting as a type of functional environmental stimuli and selected a smart shopping cart as an example of SST system. The influences of functional environmental stimuli on consumers' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses were examined by applying S-O-R model. In addition, this study attempted to extend the traditional S-O-R model by (a) incorporating personal characteristics variables such as time pressure and perceived crowding and (b) considering not only emotional but also cognitive aspects of consumers' internal responses. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: This study used a video-scenario technique. Participants watched a video about grocery shopping situations using a smart shopping cart and responded to their emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses. An online survey was conducted using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 185). All participants were US consumers over 20 years old and had been shopping at the grocery store in the last month. Data were analyzed through structural equations modeling with AMOS 20. Results: Test results showed that consumers who perceived higher levels of time pressure and perceived crowding in usual shopping situations were more likely to evaluate the SST system favorably. The results showed that personal characteristics have a significant impact on consumers' evaluation of functional environmental stimuli in retail setting. As consumers evaluated the SST system favorably, they experienced more positive affect and less negative affect during their shopping behaviors. Positive affect led to good service quality inference, which further increased patronize intention. However, negative affect did not show a significant impact on service quality inference, but only on patronize intention. Conclusions: This study attempted to investigate the influence of SST system by extending the traditional S-O-R model. This study classified the SST system as functional environmental stimulus of retail stores and analyzed the effect of stimulus on consumers' internal and external responses. The results of this study showed that the introduction of innovative SST can serve as an effective store differentiation strategy in an increasingly competitive retail environment.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2007

China has achieved the most rapid economic growth in the last 20 years, especially since its joining into WTO. Lots of world retail companies are rushing into chinese market. Especially, many discount store operators have been successfully operating and expanding their businesses. Therefore throughly understanding the character of consumers of china, basing on the careful market analysis and implementing correct marketing policies will help to promote retail enterprises' self-competitive in the market.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-65
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the investment returns and profitability of major Korean retail companies and to discuss the implications of their published accounting data. We have found that Korean department store companies shows the sound ROIC (return on invested capital) compared with U,5. counterparts. However, major discount store companies have problems in terms of poor ROIC ratios in spite of their rapid growth for the last decade. The results of ROIC performance of 3 major department stores and 3 discount stores are compared and the implications of the study are discussed. Furthermore, the published accounting data of major U.S. department stores and discount stores are analyzed in the context of benchmarking for Korean companies.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper aims to identify and rank factors that influence impulse buying behavior among shoppers in Dubai. Research design, data, and methodology - Questionnaires were collected from 168 Dubai shoppers using non-probability quota sampling. Factor Analysis was completed to identify factors triggering impulse buying traits. Results - Six antecedent factors were identified: hedonism, in-store influences, product related influences, socialization, promotional activities, and convenience. Surprisingly, product related influences were the most significant in stimulating impulse buying behavior. Conclusions - This research suggests that a multitude of factors affect shopper propensity for impulse buying, with non-economic factors like product and in-store related influences having a significant impact. Hence, retail managers should concentrate on these in merchandising and promotional efforts. Against the backdrop of Dubai, one of the biggest retail destinations, this study contributes to present knowledge on impulse buying behavior. In terms of shopper inclinations and likeliness to purchase products, it highlights how shoppers respond to special in-store displays and discount offerings. For marketers, the findings regarding relative significance of various factors may help in strategies to attract consumers.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.79-99
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• 2008

This study attempts to investigate the effects of perceived value on customer satisfaction and customer voluntary behavioral intention such as customer loyalty, participation intention, cooperation intention in retail store. For this purpose, the model posits that perceived value will have a positive impact on customer satisfaction and customer voluntary behavioral intention. We investigate the 680 customers of the korean open air market(337) and the discount store(343) for the research. The results showed that perceived value positively influences customer satisfaction and customer voluntary behavioral intention. Implications of the findings are considered and future research directions identified.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.242-252
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to investigate customer loyalty programs of diverse types of retailers. As offline retailers, department store and discount store retailers were examined, and as nonstore retailers, online store and TV home shopping retailers were investigated. Types of customer loyalty programs were analyzed based on Dowling and Uncles'(1997) loyalty program framework which included two schemes, types of reward(direct versus indirect rewards) and timing of reward(immediate versus delayed rewards). The study found that different types of retailers utilized different types of loyalty programs: Department store used all the type of rewards, discount store focused on direct/immediate rewards, online store retailers used direct/delayed rewards and/or direct/immediate rewards, and TV home shopping retailers focused on direct/delayed rewards. The study provided diverse managerial and academic implications.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.381-387
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• 2020

In order to study the similarities and differences of user experience of contactless retail services between Chinese and Korean users, this study focuses on E-mart 24 Self Convenience Store Gimpo DC Branch, Conducted in-depth interviews with Chinese and Korean users who have experience. The interviews are based on the 7 principles of Peter Morville's Honeycomb Model. As a result, the satisfaction of Chinese users is higher than that of Korean users. Human touch, and the desire for a faster society made Korean users more resistant to E-mart 24 Self Convenience Store. Chinese users raised concerns about the inconvenience of the system with little consideration for foreign users. It is expected that this study will help E-mart 24 Self Convenience Store to satisfy users from more cultural backgrounds.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.2 s.216
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• pp.153-161
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was 1) to examine the current situation of traditional fashion markets, 2) to compare the perceptions toward remodeling traditional retail markets between retail merchants and consumers, and 3) to provide the new remodeling renovation of traditional fashion retail markets. The study subjects comprised 127 merchants and 128 consumers. Both the merchants and consumers tended to have a negative perception of future fashion traditional markets. Consumers tended to have a higher perception of fashion store service, such as A/S and salesperson's service, than merchants. In addition, there were significant differences in perceptions toward remodeling renovation of traditional markets between retail merchants and consumers. Based on these results, a fashion marketing strategy regarding digital network is suggested.