• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to construct a turnover estimation model by investigating research by Park et al. (2006) on the market area of domestic distribution. The study investigated distribution by using a new tool for the turnover estimation technique. This study developed and discussed the turnover estimation technique of Park et al. (2006), applying it to a large-scale retailer in "D"city that was suitable for on-the-spot distribution. It constructed the new model in accordance with test procedures keeping to this retail business location, to apply its procedures to a specific situation and improve the turn over estimation process. Further, it investigated the analysis and procedures of existing turnover estimation cases to provide problems and alternatives for turnover estimation for a large-scale retailer in "D"city. Finally, it also discussed problems and scope for further research. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted on the basis of "virtue" studies. In other words, it took into account the special quality of the structure of Korea's trade zones. The researcher sought to verify a sale estimate model for use in a distribution industry's location. The main purpose was to enable the sale estimate model (that is, the individual model's presentation) to be practically used in real situations in Korea by supplementing processes and variables. Results - The sale estimate model is constructed, first, by conducting a data survey of the general trading area. Second, staying within the city's census of company operating areas, the city's total consumption expenditure is derived by applying the large-scale store index. Third, the probability of shopping is investigated. Fourth, the scale of sales is estimated using the process of singularity. The correct details need to be verified for the model construction and the new model will need to be a distinct sale estimate model, with this being a special quality for business conditions. This will need to be a subsequent research task. Conclusions - The study investigated, tested, and supplemented the turnover estimation model of Park et al. (2006) in a market area in South Korea. Supplementation of some procedures and variables could provide a turnover estimation model in South Korea that would be an independent model. The turnover estimation model is applied, first, by undertaking an investigation of the market area. Second, a census of the intercity market area is carried out to estimate the total consumption of the specific city. Consumption is estimated by applying indexes of large-scale retailers. Third, an investigation is undertaken on the probability of shopping. Fourth, the scale of turnover is estimated. Further studies should investigate each department as well as direct and indirect variables. The turnover estimation model should be tested to construct new models depending on the type of region and business. In-depth and careful discussion by researchers is also needed. An upgraded turnover estimation model could be developed for Korea's on-the-spot distribution.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2011

Although a huge number of academic researchers have paid considerable attention to exploring both the degree to which store image influences retailer brand customers and how to develop store personality, they have overlooked the contemporary retail context in which retailers have developed many different types of retailer brands, that is, price-oriented or quality-oriented retailer brands. Rather than focusing on the latter, much literature has looked at the former. Accordingly, even though there are many articles related to store image, a few authors have shown their interest in identifying the extent to which store personality affects customers purchasing retailer brands at lower prices. As a result, their efforts have been to illustrate the relationship between store image and consumer behaviours buying retailer brands. In that multiple retailers over the world such as E-Mart, Lotte-Mart, Tesco Korea and Tesco UK have actively introduced not only the quality-focused retailer brands that quality is better than, or equal to national brands, and prices are slightly higher than, or equal to them, but also price-focused retailer brands, academicians should make an effort to investigate how store image affects customers purchasing a quality-oriented retailer brand, comparing with previous research results. That is why the authors illustrate the extent to which store personality components influence retailer brand customers, including particularly quality-oriented retailer brand customers through an empirical research. By adopting a questionnaire method as a research technique to illuminate the relationship between store image components and retailer brand customers, research validity increases and further, data gathered through a field survey are analysed through a few statistic analysis methods, in order to minimise statistical deviations. Compared with the prior research concentrated on price-focused retailer brands, the authors have significantly shed light on customer behaviours purchasing retailer brand products with higher quality. When it comes to store personality components, the research suggests the following five items: merchandise attributes, services, physical facilities, promotions, and institutional image, considering the subcomponents mentioned by the previous research. Proposing the conceptual research model which those elements are differently hypothesised, according to retailer brand types: PR (Price-oriented Retailer brand) and QR (Quality-oriented Retailer brand), the research is proceeded. Through empirical research, the authors found that amongst the five items, only promotion influenced retailer brand customers in the Korean retailing marketplace, unlike other countries explored by many researchers, such as UK. Although much literature emphasises that those elements are closely related to retailer brand buying proneness, it is completely not fit to the Korean market. Also, research findings provide new insights into the degree of store image effects on retailer brand customers for academiciansand practitioners. Whether the retailer brand development program that a retailer has carried simultaneously both price-focused and quality-focused retailer brand types is practically profitable should be explored in the future.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2011

With the many advantages of the internet, online shopping has become one of the fastest growing types of retail businesses. However, internet-based firms are much more firmly required to retain existing customers rather than secure new ones, and to make them revisit the site by strengthening trust and loyalty, thereby improving profits and outrivaling competitors. Commitment is an essential part of successful long-term relationships between buyers and sellers. Although commitments by both parties in an exchange can provide the foundation for the development of relational social norms, disproportionate commitments can lead to opportunism by the less committed partner. Moreover, flow, which is characterized by intense concentration and enjoyment, was found to be significantly linked with exploratory use behavior, which in turn was linked to the extent of computer use. The level of flow was, itself, determined by the individual's sense of being in control, and the level of challenge perceived in maneuvering a website. Website attractiveness goes hand in hand with the attractiveness of an internet shopping mall, and it can be conceptualized as the persuasive effectiveness of a message by the use of familiarity, favor, similarity, etc. It occurs when information receivers try to achieve self-satisfaction when they actually or emotionally identify themselves with an information source. This study investigates the relationship between the perceived system characteristics of an internet shopping mall and the loyalty of online consumers, and it examines how perceived website attractiveness and flow play mediating roles between the perceived system characteristics of an internet shopping mall and the affective commitment in the context of a clothes internet shopping mall. For these purposes, a structural model comprising several variables was developed. That model was tested with an analysis of moment structure (AMOS) using data from respondents who had purchased clothing through the internet during the past three months. In this model, the perceived system characteristics of an internet shopping mall, such as familiarity, reputation, uniqueness, positive emotions, self-efficacy, and interactivity, were proposed to affect the website's attractiveness and flow, and lead to a higher affective commitment over time. Thus, the perceived website attractiveness and flow were proposed as core mediating variables between perceived system characteristics and affective commitment. The results of a reliability test using Cronbach's Alpha, and a confirmatory factor analysis warranted using unidimensionality for the measures for each construct. In addition, the nomological validity of the measures was warranted from the results of a correlation analysis. The results of empirical analyses indicated that systematic attributes resulting in website attractiveness and user's characteristics, thereby triggering customers' flow, play a crucial role in inducing customers' affective commitment, and a user's characteristics are twice as important as systematic attributes in this study. Moreover, familiarity, reputation, and uniqueness all have a significant effect on website attractiveness, and the research showed that uniqueness took the first place, and that familiarity and reputation followed in order of magnitude. The fact that reputation was not the most important factor that affects the attractiveness of an internet shopping mall, with uniqueness or familiarity having a greater impact, suggests much deeper implications. Finally, positive emotion, self-efficacy, and interactivity all have a significant effect on customers' flow. In particular, the fact that positive emotion, compared to self-efficacy or interactivity, has much more impact on flow is very suggestive.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biosafety of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw salad vegetables at wet markets and supermarkets in Malaysia. A combination of the most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) method was applied to detect the presence of V. parahaemolyticus and to enumerate their density in the food samples. The study analyzed 276 samples of common vegetables eaten raw in Malaysia (Wild cosmos=8; Japanese parsley=21; Cabbage=30; Lettuce=16; Indian pennywort=17; Carrot=31; Sweet potato=29; Tomato=38; Cucumber=28; Four-winged bean=26; Long bean=32). The samples were purchased from two supermarkets (A and B) and two wet markets (C and D). The occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus detected was 20.65%, with a higher frequency of V. parahaemolyticus in vegetables obtained from wet markets (Wet market C=27.27%; Wet Market D=32.05%) compared with supermarkets (Supermarket A=1.64%; Supermarket B=16.67%). V. parahaemolyticus was most prevalent in Indian pennywort (41.18%). The density of V. parahaemolyticus in all the samples ranged from <3 up to >2,400 MPN/g, mostly <3 MPN/g concentration. Raw vegetables from wet markets contained higher levels of V. parahaemolyticus compared with supermarkets. Although V. parahaemolyticus was present in raw vegetables, its numbers were low. The results suggest that raw vegetables act as a transmission route for V. parahaemolyticus. This study will be the first biosafety assessment of V. parahaemolyticus in raw vegetables in Malaysia.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.39-60
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• 2006

본 연구는 점포 내 배경음악과 광고사진이 소비자의 정서 및 행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구로서 비디오 시뮬레이션을 통한 실험적 방법을 이용하였다. 매장 내 배경음악의 템포 효과와 광고사진 분위기의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 국내 중 저가 영 캐주얼 의류 브랜드 매장 한 곳을 선택하여 비디오 촬영한 후, 2 (빠른 템포 vs. 느린 템포) ${\times}$2 (섹시한 사진 분위기 밝고 경쾌한 사진 분위기) 요인 설계를 이용하여 4개 의 자극물을 조작하였다. 또한 음악 및 사진 자극이 제공되지 않은 자극물을 포함, 통제 집단을 구성하였다. 총 289개의 설문의 수집되었으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통제집단과 각 4개의 실험 집단과의 비교 분석 결과, 점포 내 배경음악과 광고사진이 없는 통제집단은 정서적, 행동적 반응 모두에서 가장 낮은 점수를 보였다. 따라서 배경음악과 광고사진의 유무는 소비자의 정서적, 행동적 반응에 영향을 미친다고 하겠다. 둘째, 점포 내 배경음악의 템포 및 광고사진 분위기와 소비자의 점포 내 긍정적 정서상태와의 관계를 분석한 결과, 배경음악의 템포에 의한 차이는 유의하지 않았으나, 광고사진의 분위기 차이에 따른 점포 내 소비자의 긍정적인 정서상태의 차이는 유의하였다 셋째, 소비자의 점포내 긍정적인 정서상태는 소비자의 긍정적 접근행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 상품 자체의 품질이나 다양성, 상품의 가격과 같은 직접적인 상품 요인 외에 배경음악과 광고사진 같은 점포 내의 분위기 요소들이 소비자들에게 즉각적이고 감정적인 반응을 불러일으켜 상품 자체 요인으로는 설명되지 않는 소비자들의 점포 내 구매행동에 영향을 미치는 중요 변수임을 발견하였다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-75
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 동대문시장의 패션점포와 상품 공급자와의 관계를 이해하는 것이다. 구매자-공급자 관계에 영향을 미치는 요인을 구매자-공급자 관계 요인과 공급자 속성으로 분류하고 신뢰, 몰입, 의사소통, 장기적 전망, 파워 균형, 지리적 근접성, 디자인 능력, 품질, 낮은 가격, 납기 준수의 총 10개 변수를 추출하였다. 패션점포가 어떤 요인을 더 중요하게 인식하고 있는지 그리고 점포특성에 따라 그 중요성 인식에 차이가 있는지 살펴보았으며 공급자와의 거래지속기간에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하였다. 동대문 패션점포 233개로부터 수집한 자료를 분석한 결과, 공급자와의 관계에서 가장 중요하다고 응답한 변수는 납기 준수였으며 그 다음이 지리적 근접성, 디자인 능력 등으로 나타나 구매자-공급자 관계 요인보다는 공급자 속성이 더 중요한 것으로 지각되고 있었다. 점포 특성에 따라 중요도 인식에 차이가 있었는데, 신흥 소매 상권의 점포들이 다른 상권 점포들에 비해 모든 변수들의 중요도를 낮게 인식하고 있었으며 도매위주 점포가 소매위주 점포보다 고매출 점포가 저매출 점포보다 모든 변수를 더 중요하게 지각하였다. 총 영업기간에 따라서는 일부 변수에서 장기 영업점포가 단기 영업점포보다 더 높은 중요도 지각을 보였다 거래지속기간에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위해 우선 주로 거래하는 점포를 상기 10개 변수로 평가하게 하였는데, 지리적 근접성 신뢰, 디자인 능력, 품질, 의사소통 순으로 높게 평가되었다. 회귀분석 결과 실제 거래해 온 기간에 영향을 미치는 변수는 디자인 능력, 의사소톰, 파워 균형이었으며, 향후 추가로 기대하는 거래기간에 영향을 미치는 변수는 의사소통과 신뢰로 나타났다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2018

배급사가 소매점을 통해 게임을 유통했던 과거와 다르게 현재는 디지털 콘텐츠인 게임을 온라인 기반의 유통채널을 활용하여 판매를 실시하고 있다. 본 연구는 온라인 디지털 콘텐츠 유통 채널인 스팀(Steam)에서 판매되는 게임의 판매량에 대해서 eWOM(전자구전효과)의 요인들이 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석한다. 최근 빅데이터 기반의 데이터 마이닝 기법을 이용한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있는데, 본 연구에서 eWOM의 요인 중 각 리뷰의 감성을 분석할 수 있는 텍스트 마이닝 기법인 감성분석을 실시하여 eWOM의 감성지수를 도출한다. 감성분석은 나이브 베이즈(Naive Bayes)와 지지벡터기(SVM) 분류기를 활용하고, 정확도가 높은 지지벡터기(SVM) 분류기를 통해 감성지수를 산출한다. 도출한 감성지수와 eWOM의 크기인 각 게임의 리뷰의 수, eWOM의 평점인 각 게임의 유저점수를 독립변수로 하여 종속변수인 판매변화량에 대해서 회귀분석을 실시한다. 회귀분석 결과, 독립변수인 eWOM의 크기와 eWOM의 감성지수가 종속변수인 판매변화량에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 연구결과를 통해 국내 게임 기업들이 스팀을 기반으로 해외진출 시 판매량에 영향을 미치는 eWOM의 요인들을 제시할 수 있는 시사점을 가진다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.127-139
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• 1991

1. The purpose of this study was to recommend ways of more efficient pheasant farm business management and promoting the demand of pheasant foods by reviewing the current pheasant farm business management and the general pattern of consumption of pheasant foods. The study was conducted on the basis of the field survey covering 83 pheasant feeders and 283 consumers. 2. Majority of pheasant feeders, 86.8%(n=72), utilized broiler feed for pheasant rearing because of high price of exclusive pheasant feed. 3. In case of producing 1,000 heads of 5 month-old pheasant, the primary production cost per head was roughly calculated at about 5,530 Won. And 40.3% of primary production cost was consisted of feed cost and 12.9% was depreciation cost for facillities including artificial incubator equipments. 4. 81.1%(n=51) of whole surveyed feeders disposed of 1-4 week-old birds directly to the new feeders and 6%(n=6) sold them to the middlemen who were almost pioneering pheasant feeders. 5. 48.9%(n=138) of the surveyed consumer respondents have taken the pheasant foods once and several times, and the others never once. And 50.6%(n=69) of the respondents who had taken the pheasant foods were satisfied with the tastes. 6. The surveyed consumers were asked whether they knew the nutritional value of pheasant foods and 47.3(n=136) recognized it positively and 37.5%(n=106) negatively. 7. To increase the pheasant farm income and promote the demand of pheasant foods. followings are recommended. - Production cost should be reduced by cooperative utilization of facilities and equipments at farm level, and exclusive pheasant feed of good quility should be developed and supplied to the feeders at a low price. - Pheasant marketing and pricing system should be improved to prevent consumers from price disorder of retail shop including pheasant food reataurants and to popularize the pheasant foods. - Various type of menu of pheasant foods should be developed not only to satisfy consumers in tastes but also to solve the seasonality of pheasant supply. But it is preferable that this action is led by pheasant feeders and their cooperative organization, espectially through vertical intergration system owned by pheasant feeders. - Generic, pioneering advertisement and promotion should be carried out to promote primary demend of pheasant foods. It would be preferable that these primary demend advertising and promoting activities shuld be sponsored by pheasant feeders and government together. And their activities should be supported by institutional regulation.

• 기업가정신과 벤처연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.17-42
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• 2016

FIN 48은 기업들이 불확실한 조세 포지션을 평가하고 이와 관련된 부채인 미인식 세제혜택(UTB)에 대한 정보를 공시하여야 한다고 명시하고 있다. 본 연구는 12월 결산 뉴욕증권거래소 및 나스닥 상장 한국기업의 FIN 48 주석사항을 분석하였으며, 또한 FIN 48 하에 계상된 미인식 세제혜택(UTB)을 이용하여 동 기업의 과세공격적 행위에 대하여 검토하였다. 검토 결과 첫째, 대응되는 미국기업과 달리, 증권거래소와 기업규모가 동 한국기업의 과세공격적 행위에 중요한 역할을 하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 소매 산업에 속한 한국기업이 통신, 금융 및 비즈니스 서비스 산업에 속한 한국기업보다 더욱 과세공격적인 성향을 보였다. 셋째, 동 한국기업은 대응되는 미국기업에 비하여 덜 과세공격적인 성향을 나타냈다. 본 연구는 또한 다른 조세회피 측정치들을 이용하여 동 한국기업의 조세회피성향을 검토하였으며, 이는 혼재된 결과를 보여주었다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 미인식 세제혜택(UTB)과 다른 조세회피 측정치들 간 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 그 결과 미인식 세제혜택(UTB)과 장기현금유효세율 간에 통계적으로 유의미한 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2012

오늘날 국내 외의 경제발전에 서비스산업의 비중이 매우 커지고 있으며, 미래사회에도 지속적으로 증가될 것으로 예측되며, 이러한 서비스 산업의 경영방식의 하나로 프랜차이즈시스템이 확산되고 있다. 프랜차이즈 시스템(Franchise System)은 선진국에서 인기를 끌고 있는 선진국형 유통형태이며, 유통시장 개방 이후 국내에서는 외국유명브랜드를 중심으로 급속한 성장세를 보이고 있다. 이로 인해 국내 제조 및 유통업계에서는 미래유망업종으로 프랜차이즈시스템에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 최근 들어 외환위기와 금융위기를 계기로 다양한 연령계층이 노동시장으로 유입되면서 단기간 내에 적은 자본으로 나의 사업을 창업하고자 하는 인구가 크게 늘고 있다. 이 중 상당수는 독립적 사업을 창업하지만 사업에 대한 경험과 전문지식이 부족하면서 실패를 경험하는 경우가 크게 늘고 있다. 이에 비해 프랜차이즈 창업은 검증된 상품 및 서비스를 제공받으면서 창업한다는 점에서 성공가능성이 높아지면서 프랜차이즈에 대한 관심과 논의가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 프랜차이즈에 대한 관심이 증대하고, 프랜차이즈 산업의 규모가 커지면서 다양한 문제점 또한 부상하고 있다. 국내의 경우 비교적 늦게 프랜차이즈 산업이 도입되었지만 빠르게 성장하면서 문제점을 노정하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 프랜차이즈 산업의 특성에 대하여 고찰하고, 또한 다른 나라들의 경우에 대한 사례를 고찰하면서 국내 프랜차이즈 산업의 문제점을 조명하고 이에 대한 대응방안 및 프랜차이즈 산업의 발전방안을 제시하고자 하였다.