• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.162-174
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• 1981

Fiftysix male weanling rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain weighing $52.6{\pm} 0.9g$ were fed with 77% starch-15% casein diet by ad libitum for four days to get them adapted and divided into eight groups. For three weeks, the body weight gain of rats was controlled in three different ranges. After the period of food restriction, the rats were recovered by being fed by ad libitum for seventeen days. During the experimental period, the amount of food intake and body weight were measured. And the experimental groups were compared when they reached at the same age and at the same body weight. Anterior Tibialis, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Soleus, Plantaris, Gastrocnemius were used as analytic items of skeletal muscle. Wet weight of muscle, muscle protein, water content were measured from each of five skeletal muscles. Sodium, potassium, magnesium content were measured from Anterior Tibialis, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Soleus ana Plantaris. Phosphorus was measured only from Gastrocnemius. The whole carcass protein except the skeletal muscles was also measured. During the period of food restriction, food intake was $311.7{\pm}19.5g$ for the control group. $130.2{\pm}1.5g$ for the second group and $161.7{\pm}2.1g$ for the third group. During the period of food restriction, body weight gain was $106.8{\pm}12.7g$ for the control group, $3.6{\pm}2.1g$ for the second group and $18.9{\pm}3.3g$ for the third group. Comparing the body weight when they reached at the age 66 days, the control group showed higher value than the other groups. In the concentration of electrolytes of skeletal muscles sodium and magnesium tend to increase and potassium and phosphorus tend to decrease by food restriction. But after their recovery, there was no significant difference between the groups. By the degree of food restriction, there was time difference in reaching at the same body weight. But when they reached at the same body weight, there was no significant difference in the value of electrolytes concentration. Regarding all the results of this study, the ages of rats which reached the same body weight were different by food restriction level during weanling. Once food·restricted rats reached the same body weight by recovery, the concentration of electrolytes and protein tend to become almost the same.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2010

The effects of controlled energy restriction and duration of pre-incubation egg holding on fertility, hatchability and hatch losses were evaluated in aged broiler breeders (64 wk). The energy (ME) required for maintenance, activity, growth and anticipated egg production was calculated and offered to a control group (283-471 kcal/kg) from 21-64 weeks of age. In three other groups, ME was quantitatively reduced either by 20% (SER; severe energy restriction) or 10% (MER; moderate energy restriction) and increased by10% (EEF; excess energy feeding) over the control group (CER; controlled energy restriction). Each diet was offered to 130 pullets in individual cages, and the quantity of ME increased with age. At the end of 64 weeks, fertile eggs were collected from each dietary group for 11 consecutive days and grouped under 4 holding periods based on the length of storage (2, 5, 8 or 11 d). The influence of energy regimes, egg holding intervals and their interaction was evaluated on fertility, hatch losses and hatchability. Broiler breeders maintained on SER regime (231-419 kcal/d) produced maximum number of eggs (993) followed by MER (819), CER (624) and EEF (438) during the 11-day period. The percent fertility and hatchability was significantly (p$\leq$0.05) higher in SER and MER groups compared to CER and EEF. However, energy regimes did not influence the loss in egg weight during pre-incubation storage, shell weight, shell thickness or hatch losses as dead germs and dead in shell. The improvement in hatchability in SER and MER groups appeared to be closely related to higher fertility and lower embryonic mortality. Holding of eggs for 11 days showed a linear loss in egg weight with the length of storage, but did not influence the fertility and hatch losses. The percent hatchability on eggs set was maximum when storage period was restricted to 5 days. The interaction between energy regimes and egg holding periods exhibited better hatchability results with SER regime when eggs were held for 5 days. Response to MER was not different from SER. It was obvious that energy restriction during production period had a positive influence on egg number, fertility and hatchability in aged breeders. At 64 weeks of age, holding of fertile eggs for 5 days prior to incubation was adequate for optimum hatchability in breeders.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 1994

영지속(Ganoderma)에 속하는 7종 10균주에 대하여 미토콘드리아 DNA의 제한효소 분절양상 비교를 통한 계통분석을 수행하였다. 여러 가지 제한효소들 중 생산된 절편이 충분한 정보를 가지고 있으면서 서로 구별할 수 있는 6가지의 제한효소를 분석에 이용하였다. 절편양상을 설 비교하여 전체 절편중 공통된 절편의 개수를 구하고 이로부터 염기위치당 염기치환율을 구하였으며, 이를 균주간의 진화거리로 계산하여 PHYLIP package의 Neighbor-joining 방법에 이한 계통도를 얻고 그 결과를 고찰하였다. 특이한점은 G. lucidum의 3균주와 G. lobatum 이 유연관계가 많이 있다는 점이다. 이러한 결과는 G. lucidum과 G. lobatum은 종의 다양성으로 인하여 과거부터 복합종으로 취급되어 왔으며 고전적인 영지속의 분류에 문제점이 많이 있음을 시사해 주고 있다. 따라서 영지속의 분류가 진화경로에 바탕을 둔 자연분류가 되기 위해서는 형태분류 뿐만 아니라 배양 분류와 분자생물학적이 sqnstjr등 다양한 기준에 의해서 재고되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2020

팽이버섯 생육용 톱밥배지 내 질소함량(1.2~1.8%)과 생육단계 중 억제기 온도(2, 4, 6℃)에 따른 자실체 특성과 저장기간별 저장 특성을 조사하였다. 톱밥배지의 이화학성 분석 결과 배지 내 질소함량에 따른 pH, 탄소함량 등은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 자실체 생육 특성은 배지내 질소함량이 높아질수록 수량은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 억제기온도의 경우 질소함량에 따라 자실체 생육에 미치는 경향이 달랐는데 질소함량이 1.28%로 낮은 T1의 경우 억제기온도에 따른 자실체생육에 차이가 없었고 질소함량 1.5% 이상 배지에서는 억제기 온도가 낮을수록 수량과 갓, 대의 길이가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 저장기간에 따른 중량감소율은 배지 내 질소함량에 따른 변화는 관찰되지 않았고, 억제기 온도 4℃이하에서 1.50~1.93%로 6℃보다 낮은 중량감소율을 보였다. 자실체 갓 색도는 저장 31일 후 배지 내 질소함량이 높은 T3에 억제기 온도 4℃처리에서 L값 84.81, ΔE값이 6.3으로 다른 처리구에 비해 갈변도가 적은 것으로 나타났고 관능평가 또한 저장 31일 후에도 5.2점을 받아 판매 가능한 수준의 품질을 유지하였다. 하지만, 전체적인 결과를 봤을 때 배지 내 질소함량과 억제기 온도에 따른 상관관계는 나타나지 않았으며, 두 조건이 복합적으로 팽이버섯의 품질과 저장성에 영향을 끼치는 것으로 보인다. 따라서, 톱밥배지 내 질소함량 및 생육단계별 온·습도 조건에 따른 팽이버섯의 생육과 저장성 특성에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.168-174
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• 1990

This study was focused on the characterization of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for molecular genetically approach of energy Production related mechanism in Panax Ein.fend. The simple and efficient method of mtDNA isolation from ginseng has been developed by modification of recently advanced methods. This procedure can successfully apply to mtDNA isolation of several plants. MtDNA of etiolated shoot and one-year root were digested with restriction endonucleases, but that of 6-year root not Any difference was not observed in the restriction endonuclease digestion patterns among the ginseng variants. Molecular size of ginseng mtDNA was estimated at least 159 kb by the restriction endonuclease fragment analysis. The 4.5 kb extra band at the lane of EcoRll treatment could be observed in restriction patterns digested with the methylation sensitive endonucleases, BstN 1 and EcoRll. For construction of mitochondrial genomic library of ginseng, mtDNA was partially digested with EcoRl, and packaged with EMBL4 phage vector Genomic library was screened and purified for further research including restricttion mapping of ginseng mtDNA, and cloning of the genes. The gene of ATP synthase A subunit was cloned koto the purified EMBL4 library clone No. 16. Now, clone No. 16 is subcloned for structure gene sequence analysis.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.477-493
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• 1995

In order to facilitate the molecular characterization of the Herpes simplex Virus types 1 and types 2 genome DNAs, a gene library of cloned restriction frtgments have been produced. The Vero cells were infected with HSV-1 and HSV-2. 48 hours after infection, the infected cells Ivere Iysed, and multinucleated giant cells were observed approximately at seventy-two hours postinfection. The multiplication of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was observed in Vero cells using electromicroscopy. The nucleocapsids in nuclei were obseryed, and the assembled virions were budded out through the vacuole, and the virions were released from the cells. HSV-1 and HSV-2 was analyzed by digestion of their genome DANs with restriction ensymes. HSV-1 and HSV-2 genome DNAs were digested with BarnHI, Bgfl respectively. The BarnHI rlestriction fragments of HSV-1 and HSV-2 genome DNAs were twenty-seven fragments and thair molecular sizes were ranging $0.70{\sim}15.08$, $4.4{\sim}31.0$ tilobases. The BglII restriction fragments of HSV-1 and HSV-2 genome DNAs were sixteen, eighteen fragments and thair molecular sizes were ranging $4.8{\sim}30.0$, $1.2{\sim}25.0$ kilobases. And then BglII restriction frgments were cloned in Escherichia coli(E.coil) using the plasmid vector pBacPAK9.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2006

This study investigated the relations between mother's parenting self-efficacy, perceived social support, parenting behavior, and stress, and child's temperament, and child' self-esteem, including a mediational role of Korean mother's parenting self-efficacy. The participants were 404 Korean child-mother dyads living in Seoul, Korea. Structural equation modeling indicated that mother's parenting self-efficacy was a significant mediator of the relation between mother's perceived social support and child's temperament and mother's parenting behaviors including Warmth-Acceptance, Rejection-Restriction, and Permissiveness-Nonintervention. In the Warmth-Acceptance model, mother's parenting self-efficacy was related to child self-esteem through Warmth-Acceptance. In the Rejection-Restriction model, mother's parenting self-efficacy was related to child self-esteem both directly and through Rejection-Restriction. Child's temperament was also related to Rejection-Restriction directly. In the Permissiveness-Nonintervention model, mother's parenting self-efficacy was related to child self-esteem directly, not through Permissiveness-Nonintervention. Child's temperament, also, was related to Permissiveness-Nonintervention directly.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2016

This study aims to draw the factors of support and restriction as children play in the outdoor space through their participation. The 135 students (fifth- and sixth- graders) participated in the research using the mapping method included the daily diagram and the open-ended questionnaire. As the research results, the park, the school yard, the playground and the rest space were emerged as play spaces with high utilization rate. Through the analysis of play spaces based on children's perception, the physical and social-psychological factors are drawn as the factors of support and restriction. Some physical factors such as the location are relevant to social-psychological factors such as the friend and the danger. In conclusion, the physical factors which support or restrict children's activities have to be considered with the socialpsychological factors. And the result from children's experience and perception should be basis of providing appropriate spaces for children who are actual users of play spaces.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.81-107
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• 2015

This paper explores the 1st person restrictions on the evidential -te, focusing on the cases where it appears with the speaker-oriented psych-predicates in Korean. It has been widely discussed that the 1st person restriction can be freely circumvented when -te is used with the speaker-oriented psych-predicates. However, based on the novel observation that such an obviation can be varied with respect to the types of the subordinate clauses which modify the evidential sentences, we propose that the 1st person restriction should be explained in terms of the situation-based felicity condition of -te, as discussed in Lim (2014): it arises if the situation where the speaker acquires evidence cannot be the same as, or be included by, the situation where the prejacent is true. To show this, we discuss how the meaning of the speaker-oriented psych-predicates interacts with the felicity condition of -te, and how this interaction makes the distinctive obviation environments of the 1st person restriction on -te, unlike other types of predicates.

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 1996

Site-directed substitutions were made to change the Ile91 of restriction endonuclease EcoRV to either Val, Ala or Gly to identify the role of Ile91 in recognition and catalysis, since substitution of Ile91 with Leu afforded dramatic effects on the activity and properties of restriction endonuclease EcoRV. These changes alter the size of the hydrophobic side chain at position 91 and thus might have revealed the reason for the altered phenotype of Ile91Leu. However, the properties of Ile91Val and Ile91Ala mutants were much like wild type EcoRV, in both activity and metal ion preference. Ile91Gly had very little activity with either $Mg^{2+}$ or $Mn^{2+}$ as cofactors. To try to understand the unusual $Mn^{2+}$ profile of the Ile91Leu mutant, two double mutants, Ile91Leu;Asp90Asn and Ile91Leu;Glu45Met were created. Both double mutants were seriously disabled by the second amino acid change. Ile91Leu;Glu45Met had some residual activity in the $Mn^{2+}$ reaction buffer, whereas the Ile91Leu;Asp90Asn displayed no detectable activity.