• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.750-760
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• 2016

The use of antibiotics in Korean swine production has been changing to a restricted use of in-feed antibiotics. These antibiotics, which are also growth promoters, are powerful for disease control. Due to this issue, the swine industry is consistently looking for any kind of alternatives to antibiotics such as new feed ingredients, feed additives, feed formulation practices, or feeding methods to improve pig health and performance. In general, dietary factors provide bioavailable nutrients and/or affect physiological activity to modify the physiological condition, immune system, or microbial population of pigs to improve their performance and health. Thus, it is suggested that dietary factors may be important components in the growth and health management of pigs. Using an alternative grain feed such as rice, barley, and oats, low protein diets or low-high energy diets can be used as solutions to manage the effect of stress factors that cause growth and health problems at specific time points during the stages of pig production. Several studies support that these alternative feeds and dietary factors may improve pig growth and health by changes in intestinal conditions, immunity, or other physiological conditions compared with typical feed ingredients and diet management in pig production. Therefore, feed ingredients, low protein levels, and different energy contents in swine diets were reviewed to better understand how these dietary factors can contribute to improved pig performance and health under different physiological conditions.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.329-340
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• 2012

Hypertension is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that changes in diet and lifestyle factors can prevent the development of hypertension, but the combined effects of these modifiable factors on hypertension are not well established. The objective of this study is to investigate associations of diet and lifestyle factors, evaluated both individually and in combination, with prevalent hypertension among Korean adults. We analyzed data obtained from the 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, a nationwide cross-sectional study using a stratified, multistage probability sampling design. The associations of 12 nutrient intakes and lifestyle factors with risk of hypertension were explored using restricted cubic spline regression and logistic regression models among 6,351 adults. Total energy and several nutrients and minerals, including, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and sodium, showed non-linear relationships with the risk of prevalent hypertension. In multivariate logistic regression models, dietary score, obesity and alcohol intake were independently associated with the risk of prevalent hypertension, but smoking and physical activity were not. Overall, participants whose dietary habits and lifestyle factors were all in the low-risk group had 68% lower prevalence of hypertension (OR: 0.32, 95 CI: 0.14-0.74) compared to those who were at least one in the high-risk group of any dietary or lifestyle factors. The result suggests that combined optimal lifestyle habits are strongly associated with lower prevalence of hypertension among Korean adults.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.295-318
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• 2010

Recently a reading education system has been developed to manage the accumulated reading activities and past records of individuals under the web environment using computers. And the reading education system, where we can have comprehensive reading education, has been developed and been applied to schools. The reading records in the reading education system can contribute to the improvement of reading activities and reading comprehension, the extension of thinking ability, and the cultivation of insight and character of the readers. The system will provide basic data for reading education for the teachers. The reading education system will accumulate the reading records of individuals. This system is not restricted by time and space. Also the system can support the reading education of children and students effectively. The menu of the reading education system is composed of a test of reading level, reading materials, activities after reading, reading certification, reading record management and instruction of teachers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.476-482
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• 2002

Methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) and c-type cytochromes from marine methanol-oxidizing bacterium, Methylophaga sp. MP, were purified and characterized. The native MDH had a molecular mass of 148 kDa and its isoelectric point was 5.5. Two c-type cytochromes, $c_L\;and\;c_H$, were found, and their isoelectric points were 3.4 and 8.0, respectively. The purified MDH had higher thermal stability than that of the other soil methylotrophic bacteria. The electron flow rate from MDH to cytochrome $c_L$was higher than that from MDH to cytochrome $c_H$, indicating that the physiological primary electron acceptor for MDH is cytochrome $c_L$. The electron transfer from MDH to phenazine ethosulfate (PES, artificial electron acceptor) in the two dye (PES/DCPIP)-linked assay system was not inhibited by NaCl, whereas the electron flow from MDH to cytochrome $c_L$ in the cytochrome/DCPIP-linked assay system was suppressed significantly by NaCl. Metal chelating agents such as EDTA showed the same effects on the MDH activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.67-71
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• 2008

Blast Furnace slag a pigiron waste that is produced more than 800 thousand tons per year, and micronized double quenching blast furnace slag improves flexibility of concrete, and even shows improvement effect of long-term intensity. However, the concrete that used micronized double quenching blast furnace slag is restricted in its use because of many problems to assure early intensity. Even micronized blast furnace slag can assure its early intensity of concrete when maximizing, and is considered that can be applied in high strength of blast furnace slag as an alternation material for Silica-fume that depends on overall import. Hereby this paper is revised activity index and fluidity of mortar that used Nano Slag that is produced by rotten Nano crush equipment to propose its size, and possible utility of Nano Slag that was produced by blast furnace slag made in Korea as an alternation material, with the conclusion as following. 1. To measure micronized Nano slag, it is judged that it should be in progress with BET method that is based on micronized Silica-fume for concrete. 2. As a result, the test based on KS L ISO 679 is shown to satisfy the basic additive size of KS F 2563 and of KS F 2567, and to determine new combination of stipulations. 3. The strength development of Nano Slag was shown excellent in the daily initial installment of 1, 3, 7 days against the basic additive. This is judged that contains CaO controlling initial strength against Silica-fume, and contributes to higher fineness than the basic blast furnace slag 1 type.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.145-159
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to survey middle school students’s awareness of sexuality and relationships with the opposite sex. The students need to have at their disposal basic resources on sexuality education and an established and systematic curriculum. To achieve this result, questionaires were distributed to 640 students who were chosen randomly in three middle schools in Seung-ju Goon and Goo-rye Goon in Chonnam area, 573 questionaries were used for the final analysis. The results were as follows： In the area of awareness of sexuality, male students regarded sex more positively than female students. It also showed that 19.9% or male students and 17.6% of female students were not aware of their virginity. Male students said they felt sexual impulses most when they saw naked women, and secondly, by sex magazines. This indicates students are motivated mostly by outside influences. There is a considerable gap in the degree of sexual knowledge between male and female according to their school year and father’s family education level. However, little difference is seen according to student’s family circumstance, father’s education level. However, little difference is seen according to student’s family circumstance, father’s job, and student’s religion and vise versa. School restrictions were so severs that 48.2% of boys and 47.1% of girls said that schools paid little attention to their needs. The school restricted rather than permitted relationships with opposite sex. Most of the students revealed a dissatisfaction with the school sexuality education program. Because of confucianism, Korean society has a negative attitude towards sexual activity including sexual education in the schools. 56.8% of male students and 81.4% of females students wanted female teachers to be their sexuality education teachers or advisors rather than male teachers, and 44.8% of male students and 51.2% of females students wanted to receive sexuality education in their Home Economics classes. Materials for sexuality education were considered most effective through videos and audio-visuals. As a result, this survey showed that there appeared to be a great need for a sound, effective, and sensitive sexuality education curriculum in the middle schools for teenagers. It should be conducted in such a way that the teenagers will learn about their sexual needs, their gender differences, and understand and know how to conduct themselves in today’s society sexually.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.576-581
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• 2005

Phytase improves the bioavailability of phytate phosphorus in plant foods to humans and animals, and reduces the phosphorus pollution of animal waste. We have engineered the cell surface of the yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by anchoring active fungal phytase on its cell wall, in order to apply it as a dietary supplement containing bioconversional functions in animal foods and a whole cell bio-catalyst for the treatment of waste. The phytase gene (phyA) of Aspergillus niger with a signal peptide of rice amylase 1A (Ramy1A) was fused with the gene encoding the C-terminal half (320 amino acid residues from the C-terminus) of yeast ${\alpha}-agglutinin$, a protein which is involved in mating and is covalently anchored to the cell wall. The resulting fusion construct was introduced into S. cerevisiae and expressed under the control of the constitutive glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) promoter. Phytase plate assay revealed that the surface-engineered cell exhibited a catalytically active opaque zone which was restricted to the margin of the colony. Additionally, the phytase activity was detected in the cell fraction, but was not detected in the culture medium when it was grown in liquid. These results indicate that the phytase was successfully anchored to the cell surface of yeast and was displayed as its active form. The amount of recombinant phytase on the surface of yeast cells was estimated to be 16,000 molecules per cell.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.400-406
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• 2010

Cancer/testis (CT) antigens exhibit highly tissue-restricted expression and are considered promising targets for cancer vaccines. Here we identified a novel CT gene ZNF645 which restrictively expresses in normal human testes and lung cancer patients (68.3%). To investigate the promoter methylation status of ZNF645, we carried out bisulfite genomic sequencing and found that the CpG island in its promoter was heavily methylated in normal lung tissues without the expression of ZNF645, whereas there was high demethylation in normal human testes and lung carcinoma tissues with its expression. Also ZNF645 could be remarkably activated in A549 and HEK293T cells treated by DNA demethylation agent 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. And the dual luciferase assay revealed that the promoter activity of the ZNF645 was inhibited by methylation of the CpG island region. Therefore, we proposed that ZNF645 is a CT gene and activated in human testis and lung cancers by demethylation of its promoter region.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 1985

To find out the differences in medical practice according to the environment of patient care and managerial situation of the medical care institutions, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and acute appendicitis were selected, which is suitable for comparison because of their high comparability. A total of 473 cases of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and 408 cases of acute appendicitis was sampled from the claims to Korea Medical Insurance Cooperations during January to June 1984. Complicated cases were excluded from population and sampling was restricted from 40 to 60 percentile for total charges by the type of medical care facility in order to rule out the influence originating from case mix. Important items representing type and quantity of medical care service were compared by type of facility. Major findings are as follows : 1. University hospital shows the highest in charges per case and decrease in order of general hospital, and clinic. 2. In case of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery, average length of stay shows statistically significant difference by type of facility. 3. Charge amount for each service item affected by practice pattern shows statistically significant difference mostly by type of facility. It is suggested that medical practice pattern is different by type of facility for medical services. 4. Difference in total medical expenditure by type of facility is affected more with charges for materials, consumables and drugs than with fee for service activity. 5. In administering drugs to patients, hospital and clinic show higher injection rate than university and general hospital. 6. Clinical Laboratory tests were common in order of uninalysis, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, urine microscopic examination in cases of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery; white blood cell count, urinalysis, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urine microscopic examination, white blood cell differential count, in cases of acute appendicitis. 7. The result for Laboratory test and Radiologic study shows extreme difference by type of facility. Test rate is lowest in clinic and increase hospital, general hospital, and university hospital in order, both in type and frequency.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

Recent evidence has suggested that trunk neural crest cell generally assumed to have equivalent differentiation potentials, demonstrate differentiation bias along the anterior/posterior axis. In amphibian and fish, neural crest cells give rise to three chromatophore types, melanophores, xantho-phores, and iridophores. Each pigment cell type has distinct characteristics but there is speculation about the cellular plasticity that exists among them. Neural crest cells migrate along specific routes, ventromedially and dorsolaterally. Neural crest cells that travel dorsolaterally are the first cells to begin migration in the axolotl and are the major contributors to the visible pigment pattern. Many factors and mechanisms that are responsible for guiding migratory neural crest cells along potential pathways or determining their fate remain unknown. A single lineage of the crest, which becomes restricted to one of the three pigment cell types, gives us the opportunity to examine the existence of neural crest stem cell populations and cellular plasticity. Study presented here showed results from recent in vitro studies designed to identify parameters influencing differentiation events of individual neural crest-derived pigment cell lineages. Melanophore production from neural crest explants originating from different levels along the anterior/posterior axis of wild type-axolotl embryos were compared and demonstrate that the differentiation of melanophores is enhanced in subpopulation of neural crest treated with forskolin. Forskolin (an adenylate cyclase activator) increases intracellular CAMP concentration and eventually activates the protein kinase-A signaling pathway. Melanophore number, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity in explants taken from the anterior-most region of the crest increased significantly in response to forskolin treatment. This study suggests implications of region specific influences and developmental regulation in the development of pigment pattern.