• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.36-38
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• 2007

The pathomechanisms involved in both restless legs syndrome (RLS) and complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) are still controversial whether they are central or peripheral origins. We recently encountered a patient who had an unusual coexistence of both RLS and CRPS I, and both of which showed good responses to sympathetic block. These findings suggest the role of peripheral mechanisms, especially unmyelinated small autonomic fiber, in both RLS and CRPS I.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-103
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• 2008

Many neurologists, particularly whose subspecialty is in peripheral neurology, may agree that patients with peripheral neuropathy often complain of the "restless legs" symptoms. These symptoms seem to share the typical features of the so-called "restless legs syndrome (RLS)", i.e., unpleasant sensations in the leg/feet, worsening in the evening or at night, and the partial relief of the positive sensory symptoms by the movements such as walking, shaking or rubbing. In fact, a higher incidence of RLS was reported among the neuropathic patients, and peripheral neuropathy was found to be more prevalent in patients with RLS than in general population. Moreover, RLS share many risk factors with peripheral neuropathy such as diabetes, uremia, amyloidosis and cryoglobulinemia, which suggests that peripheral neuropathy may play a pathophysiologic role in the development of RLS.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.116-129
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture on heat sensation of the feet of a 61-year-old female patient with restless leg syndrome. Methods: Electroacupuncture was performed at four acupoints (KI3 (太谿), KI6 (照海), LR3 (太衝), LR2 (行間)) selected to reduce heat sensation in both feet. The patient's symptoms were assessed using the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), the SF-MPQ (short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire), and the IRLS (International Restless Legs Scale). The treatment was performed from April 20, 2010 to April 24, 2010. Results: During five sessions of electroacupuncture treatments, the VAS, SF-MPQ, and IRLS scores improved throughout the treatment period and afterwards. Conclusions: The results suggest that electroacupuncture at KI3(太谿), KI6(照海), LR3(太衝), LR2(行間) can be effective for reducing hot flush in both feet.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2010

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder that is characterized by an urge to move the legs and peculiar, unpleasant sensations deep in the legs and its prevalence in the general population is between 3.2% and 15%. RLS significantly impairs patients' lives, often by severely disrupting sleep. However, both clinicians and patients under-recognize the RLS. RLS phenotypes include an idiopathic form and secondary form that is usually resulted from various causative conditions. The pathophysiology of RLS may be related with the dopaminergic system, which is closely linked to a number of psychotropic medications, including antidepressant and antipsychotics. Several antidepressants and antipsychotics have been shown to induce or exacerbate RLS. We need pay attention to the fact that commonly prescribed medications can be the cause of RLS.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2013

Restless legs syndrome(RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move legs to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations. We report a new approach to improve RLS using acupuncture and massage on iliopsoas Muscle. The patients who have RLS were treated by acupuncture and massage on iliopsoas Muscle. We measured 3~6 times IRLS(Korean Versoin of International Restless Legs Scale), VAS(visual analogue scale), and angle(between the legs and the table) during the treatment period. After treatment, RLS symptoms decreased, In case 1, IRLS changed 34 to 10, VAS changed 8 to 2, angle changed 20 to 5. In case 2, IRLS changed 22 to 12, VAS changed 10 to 5, angle changed 15 to 10. In case 3, IRLS changed 30 to 9, VAS changed 8 to 1, angle changed 25 to 5. Acupuncture and massage on iliopsoas muscle for RLS was effective. To effective acupuncture treatment for RLS, more research is needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 2008

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological sleep disorder in adults characterized by the following diagnostic criteria: an urge to move that is usually associated with unpleasant sensations and symptoms that are worse at rest, relieved by movement, and most severe at night. The definite diagnosis of RLS in children is stricter and consists of self-description of leg discomfort or the presence of 2 of 3 supportive criteria combined with 4 essential criteria for diagnosis in adults. RLS in childhood has often been misdiagnosed as growing pains or a part of normal development. As a result, physicians have often missed the chance for proper management. We diagnosed a case of RLS in a 5-year-old boy presenting with growing pains, whose mother was found to have had RLS since childhood. We confirmed RLS by using a polysomnograph, in which the indices of periodic limb movement syndrome (PLMS) and periodic limb movement during wakefulness (PLMW) were recorded to be compatible with RLS criteria. The patient's ferritin level was low normal, and his symptoms improved after taking iron supplements.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2024

Nociplastic pain by the "International Association for the Study of Pain" is defined as pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of nociceptive or neuropathic pain. Augmented central nervous system pain and sensory processing with altered pain modulation are suggested to be the mechanism of nociplastic pain. Clinical criteria for possible nociplastic pain affecting somatic structures include chronic regional pain and evoked pain hypersensitivity including allodynia with after-sensation. In addition to possible nociplastic pain, clinical criteria for probable nociplastic pain are pain hypersensitivity in the region of pain to non-noxious stimuli and presence of comorbidity such as generalized symptoms with sleep disturbance, fatigue, or cognitive problems with hypersensitivity of special senses. Criteria for definitive nociplastic pain is not determined yet. Eight specific disorders related to central sensitization are suggested to be restless leg syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, temporomandibular disorder, migraine or tension headache, irritable bowel syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivities, and whiplash injury; non-specific emotional disorders related to central sensitization include anxiety or panic attack and depression. These central sensitization pain syndromes are overlapped to previous functional pain syndromes which are unlike organic pain syndromes and have emotional components. Therefore, nociplastic pain can be understood as chronic altered nociception related to central sensitization including both sensory components with nociceptive and/or neuropathic pain and emotional components. Nociplastic pain may be developed to explain unexplained chronic pain beyond tissue damage or pathology regardless of its origin from nociceptive, neuropathic, emotional, or mixed pain components.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.162-166
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• 2001

The mirtazapine is a relatively new antidepressant that has noradrenergic and specific serotonin antagonist action(NaSSAs). This has been known as one of the most safest drugs because of its few side effects. Until now, there have been only one case report that mirtazapine causes a EPS side effect(restless leg syndrome). But the peculiar mechanism of this drug makes it impossible to explain the exact reasons why the mirtazapine could induce EPS symptoms. Authors observed three cases of mirtazapine induced akathisia. We could not explain the phenomenon the other way except akathisia. So here we presents the three case of mirtazapine induced akathisia and a few possible hypothesis of this phenomenon.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2017

The use of alcohol is associated with the development and worsening of sleep disorder. Alcohol is generally known to have a sedative effect, but it has an arousal or sedative effect depending on the timing and drinking dose and directly affects REM sleep physiology. Alcohol acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to interfere with the sleep-wake cycle and to affect sleep-related hormone secretion. In addition, the ingestion of alcohol pre-sleep is associated with deterioration and development of sleep related breathing disorders (SBD). The increase in resistance of the upper respiratory tract and the decrease in sensitivity of the CNS respiratory center and the respiratory muscles are major mechanisms of alcohol-induced SBD, and result in snoring or apnea in healthy men or aggravating apnea in patients with OSA. Sleep-related restless leg syndrome and circadian rhythm disorders are common in alcohol use disorder patients. This review provides an assessment of scientific studies that investigated on the impact of alcohol ingestion on nocturnal sleep physiology and sleep disorders.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-68
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• 2022

Objectives : Osuyu-tang of Shanghanlun have historically been proved for clinical validity and stability in the Korean Medicine. It is necessary to review the clinical fields of application, and to review the conformity with the old texts. Methods : As of October 20, 2022, clinical research papers on Osuyu-tang were searched in RISS, Naver, KISS, PUBMED, and Science Direct. The searched articles were classified by clinical subject, and the contents were reviewed by year. Results : As of Oct 20, 2022, the present study looked up thirteen papers. The 13 clinical research papers could be classified into 6 chronic headaches which includes migraine, 2 digestive diseases, 5 skin diseases and 1 restless leg syndrome by subject. Conclusion : As a result of analyzing 13 papers, clinical research achievements on the nervous system and digestive system diseases implied by the provisions in Shanghanlun were accumulating. However, case-level reports on skin diseases require more advanced research in the future.