• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two different forms of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and one of microcurrent high voltage pulsed galvanic current(HVPC) on sympathetic tone in healthy subjects. Fourty subjects received TENS(20) and PVPC(30) during short time(20min). Left finger tip skin temperatures were measured at four interval for each treatment : 1) before treatment, 2) after 10 minutes treatment, 3)after 20 minutes treatment, and 4) after 10 minutes rest. The results were as follows. 1) TENS treatment group increased skin temperature after treatment 20 minutes, but HVPC treatment increased akin temperature after 10 minutes and recovered normal skin temperature after 10 minutes treatment. It means that short time(20min) electrical stimulation decreased sympathetic activities. 2) Sympathetic activities of TENS stimulation were influenced by age, but HVPC were not. 3) During 10 minutes, both treatment increased sympathetic activities, but HVPC treatment reversed sympathetic activity more rapidly than TENS. 4) The changes of skin temperature means by sex, males in TENS treatment group were higher than females, but HVPC were reverted.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-29
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• 1975

춘잠기에 있어서의 가지뽕의 간벌수확의 효과와 합리적인 간벌방법을 구명하기 위하여 시험한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 춘잠기에 있어서의 가지뽕의 간벌수확은 1주일 정도의 간격으로서는 가는 가지 간벌수확구를 제외하고는 별로 효과가 없다. 2. 가는 가지 간벌구는 표준구와의 사이에 유의차는 없지만 약간 증수가 되는 경향에 있고 특히 소량의 가지뽕이 필요한 4령기에 잔조를 벌채하게 되어 그 수확비율이 현실에 적합하다는 이점이 있다. 3. 굵은 가지를 간벌하는 것은 다른 어떠한 수확법보다 못하다. 수량이 많은 굵은가지를 간벌한 후 1주일 정도로서는 나머지 가는 가지의 발육이 크게 호전하지 못하는 까닭이라고 생각된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to make comparison of the physical work capacities with different types and methods of tasks. To produce standard work loads, a bicycle ergometer and a treadmill were used for the purpose of two different types of tasks. Maximal oxygen uptake measurement tests are usually performen (1) continuously - with no rest between work load increments, or (2) discontinuously - with the subjects resting several minutes between work periods. Continuous test protocol with two different methods of work load increments, (1) ramp test- with 3 to 5 minutes of work period for each work load, and (2) incremental test - where exercise intensity was increased progressively in 2 minutes interval, were used. Predicted physicala work capacities (PWCs) were compared with the one by Kim(1990), and Lee(1995), and the NIOSH physiological criteria. For ergometer test, the PWC based on the ramp test was 89.65% of the one based on the incremental test. The PWC values were 2553.88 ml/min for the ramp test and 2848.82 ml/min for the incremental test. For treadmill test, the PWC based on the ramp test was 97.54% of the one based on the incremental test. The PWC values were 2786.89 ml/min for the ramp test and 2857.24 ml/min for the incremental test. The PWC obtained with a bicycle ergometer was 91.64% of the one obtained with a treadmill for the ramp test, and 99.71% for the incremental test.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to device thermal comfort model for radiation power plant workers in protective clothing. Three fabrics commonly used in protective workwear were made into coveralls of identical design and were evaluated by adult healthy males in four simulated work environment. It was investigated between the physiological response and subjects comfort according to environmental variance and clothing types. The of simulated work enviro mensent was controlled under four different humidity and temperature of each type. (Temperature 20±1℃, RH 40∼70%±5%, Temperature 30±1℃, RH 40∼70%±5%) An index of physiological response was connected with the thermal comfort designed. Mean skin temperature, skim temperature, Axillasy temperature ear canal temperature, clothing climate, total sweat, blood pressure, and R-R interval were be evaluated. Skin temperature difference ocurring during exercise and rest were significant only with respect to time and regions of the body, This despite physical differences in the three coveralls, particulary mass statistically experiment. Also, an index of subject wearing sensation was designed for thermal comfort after investigation determined the kind of clothes and the type of environment. As a result of this research, two types of multiple regressions was deviced to estimate thermal comfort of the protective clothing.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2011

In this paper, a planar model for mechanics of a vehicle/pedestrian collision incorporating road gradient is derived to evaluate the pre-collision speed of vehicle. It takes into account a few physical variables and parameters of popular wrap and forward projection collisions, which include horizontal distance traveled between primary and secondary impacts with the vehicle, launch angle, center-of-gravity height at launch, distance from launch to rest, pedestrian-ground drag factor, the pre-collision vehicle speed and road gradient. The model including road gradient is derived analytically for reconstruction of pedestrian collision accidents, and evaluates the vehicle speed from the pedestrian throw distance. The model coefficients have physical interpretations and are determined through direct calculation. This work shows that the road gradient has a significant effect on the evaluation of the vehicle speed and must be considered in accident cases with inclined road. In additions, foreign/domestic empirical cases and multibody dynamic simulation results are used to construct a least-squares fitted model that has the same structure of the analytical one that provides an estimate of the vehicle speed based on the pedestrian throw distance and the band within which the vehicle speed would be expected to be in 95% of cases.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.2004-2009
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• 2007

A new high-speed drive method for the plasma display panel is proposed. In this method, the address period is inserted for the rest period of the sustain pulses and the priming pulse is applied on the entire panel at the same time overlapping with the sustain period. The ramp shaped priming pulse can be made with a simple drive circuit in this technology and the stable sustain discharge can be induced even by a narrow scan pulse in help of the space charge generated from the address discharge. From the experiments, it is ascertained that the priming pulse hardly influences the sustain discharge. Moreover, the voltage margin of the sustain discharge is almost constant though that of the address discharge broadens with narrowing the scan pulse width. And, if the time interval between the scan pulse and the sustain pulse is within $6{\mu}s$, the voltage margin of the address and the sustain discharges are unaffected though the applied position of the scan pulse is changed. High-speed driving with the address pulse of $0.7{\mu}s$ width was achieved and the address voltage margin of 20V and the sustain voltage margin of 10V were obtained.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2008

Purpose: Chlorine gas is a common irritant that usually causes mild respiratory symptoms. One severe symptom, RADS (Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome), is not well known to physicians. We analyzed the clinical features of chlorine gas exposure. Methods: We prospectively collected 25 cases of chlorine gas exposure near our emergency center on January 10th, 2007, and analyzed demographic data, event-to-ER interval, symptoms, and laboratory results based on medical records. Results: Only 2 patients out of 25 were admitted because of severe symptoms, the rest were discharged without complications. Sixty percent of them visited the ER within 12 h of exposure. The most common symptoms were chest discomfort (60%), headache (40%), nausea (40%), throat irritation (26%), and cough (32%). Two out of eight dyspnea cases showed abnormal pulmonary function, but only one case was diagnosed as RADS. Conclusion: Most symptoms after chlorine gas exposure can be treated conservatively. However, patients with chlorine exposure should be followed up long term for delayed complications.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.183-198
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• 1997

본 연구는 일반 청소년은 물론 문제 행동을 나타낼 가능성이 보다 높은 소위 비행청소년을 대상으로, 도덕발달수준을 평가할 수 있는, 신뢰도와 타당도가 갖추어진 평가도구를 개발함에 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 개발하고자 하는 평가도구이며, 중학교 1학년에서 고등학교 3학년까지 남녀 한 학급씩을 무작위 선정한 507명을 포함하여 품행장애군과 정신과 환자대조군 각 28명씩을 검사대상으로 하였다. 연구방법으로는 우선 평가도구의 골격이 되는 Rest의 원문에 관하여 그 검사도구의 제작 및 신뢰도와 타당도 검사 과정과 결과를 숙지하였다. 그 다음으로 우리의 문화와 정서에 맞는 이야기 구성을 하였는데, 이 과정에서는 정신과 전문의 두 명과 임상심리학 전문가 한 명과의 의견교환 및 자문으로 작성하였다. 일차적으로 만들어진 평가도구는 중학생 여섯 명을 대상으로 사전검사를 실시하였으며 사전검사에서 나타난 보다 실제적 측면에서 평가도구의 문제점을 검토하여 최종 평가도구를 구성하였다. 최종완성된 평가도구의 타당도 평가에는 세 가지 방법이 사용되었는데, 첫째로 구성타당도를 살펴본 결과, 발달에 따른 구성 요인의 변화를 보기 위하여 학년의 증가에 따른 도덕발달수준의 증가 여부를 살펴보았는데, 학년의 증가라는 발달에 따라 본 연구의 구성 요인이라고 할 수 있는 도덕적 판단능력의 분명한 증가를 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째로 기존의 간이형 설문도구와 비교하여 보는 공존타당도를 보았는데, 두 도구간의 상관계수는 0.87이었다. 세째로 변별타당도는 품행장애군, 정신과 환자대조군, 정상대조군 각 28명씩을 대상으로 시행한 성적을 비교분석으로 평가하였는바, 품행장애군과 다른 두 군간의 유의한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 신뢰도 평가를 위하여 정상 청소년 42명과 품행장애군 28명을 대상으로 3주 간격으로 검사-재검사를 시행하여 평가분석하였는데, 그 상관계수는 정상군에서는 0.88, 품행장애군에서는 0.63이었다. 각 이야기와 전체간의 상관 정도를 측정하여 내적일치도를 구한 결과 Cronbach’s alpha가 0.71이었다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of meridian acupressure for enhancement of post operative bowel movement to the patient with absolute bed rest who having surgery under general anesthesia. This study used a qusai experimental, nonequivalent control group post test only design. This subject were 44 patients, 22 for the experimental and 22 for the control group, who were admitted at KyungHee University hospital, neurosurgical unit A and B ward, assigned by matched sample by the name of operation who having microvascular decompression and laminectomy. Date were collected from May 1, 2001 to June 30, 2001 by auscultation, self report and by using 7 point face scale. The recovery of bowel sound were measured every 4 hours until gas out for 1 minute auscultation on lower abdomen after 4 hours having surgery. The time of gas out were measured by self report, the severity of nausea were measured every 4 hours for 7 point face scale and also the degree of satisfaction of nursing care were measured after 2 days having surgery with same scale. Data were analyzed with $X^2$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and ANOVA. The result of this study were as follows; 1. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed shorter time the recovery of bowel sound after having surgery than control group(t=-5.112, p=.0001). 2. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed shorter time of gas after having surgery than control group(t=-4.010, p=.0001) 3. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed decreased level of nausea score according to time interval than control group(F=21.995, p=.0001). 4. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed higher the degree of satisfaction of nursing care than control group(t=-4.010, p=.0001). These finding indicate that a meridian acupressure could be a effective nursing intervention for enhancement of post operative bowel movement to the patient with absolute bed rest who having surgery under general anesthesia.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2009

본 연구는 여자대학생에게 복싱에어로빅 운동 후, 그 운동이 심박수변이도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 시도되었다. 운동전 측정과 3개월 복싱에어로빅 운동 후 측정, 두 차례에 의하여 검사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) 심박수변이도의 결과 Mean HRT는 집단 및 시간, 집단과 시간간의 교호작용이 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. (2) 심박수변이도의 결과 SDNN은 집단 및 시간, 집단과 시간간의 교호작용이 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. (3) 심박수변이도의 결과 RMSSD는 집단 및 시간, 집단과 시간간의 교호작용이 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. (4) 심박수변이도의 결과 TP는 집단 및 시간, 집단과 시간간의 교호작용이 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. (5) 심박수변이도의 결과 LF는 집단 및 시간, 집단과 시간간의 교호작용이 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. (6) 심박수변이도의 결과 HF는 집단 및 시간, 집단과 시간간의 교호작용이 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. (7) 심박수변이도의 결과 LF/HF는 집단 및 시간, 집단과 시간간의 교호작용이 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. (8) 심박수변이도의 결과 VLF는 집단 및 시간, 집단과 시 간간의 교호작용이 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상을 종합할 때 심박수변이도는 환경적인 영향을 받는 것으로 생각되어지며, 심박수변이도가 운동에 미치는 영향을 자세하기 규명하기 위해서는 비교적 동일한 집단을 더욱 세분화시키고 연령대와 성별, 운동형태 등에 따른 보다 장기적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 생각된다.