• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.188-200
• /
• 2003

Background: Immunization of dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with tumor antigen can activate tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that are responsible for protection and regression. In this study, we examined whether the uptake of necrotic tumor cells could modulate DC phenotypes and whether the immunization of necrotic tumor cell-loaded DCs could elicit efficient tumor specific immune responses followed by a regression of established tumor burdens. Methods: We prepared necrotic tumor cell-pulsed DCs for the therapeutic vaccination and investigated their phenotypic characteristics, the immune responses induced by these DCs, and therapeutic vaccine efficacy against colon carcinoma in vivo. Several parameters including phagocytosis of tumor cells, surface antigen expression, chemokine receptor expression, IL-12 production, and NK as well as CTL activation were assessed to characterize the immune response. Results: DCs derived from mouse bone marrow efficiently phagocytosed necrotic tumor cells and after the uptake, they produced remarkably increased levels of IL-12. A decreased CCR1 and increased CCR7 expression on DCs was also observed after the tumor uptake, suggesting that antigen uptake could induce DC maturation. Furthermore, co-culturing of DCs with NK cells in vitro enhanced IL-12 production in DCs and IFN-${\gamma}$ production in NK cells, which was significantly dependent on IL-12 production and cell-to-cell contact. Immunization of necrotic tumor cell-loaded DCs induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as NK activation, and protected mice against subsequent tumor challenge. In addition, intratumoral or contra-lateral immunization of these DCs not only inhibited the growth of established tumors, but also eradicated tumors in more than 60% of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our data indicate that production of IL-12, chemokine receptor expression and NK as well as CTL activation may serve as major parameters in assessing the effect of tumor cell-pulsed DC vaccine. Therefore, DCs loaded with necrotic tumor cells offer a rational strategy to treat tumors and eventually lead to prolonged survival.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.957-963
• /
• 1999

두부의 냉동저장중에 일어나는 단백질 변성과 이로 인하여 일어나는 조직감 열화현상을 완화하기 위하여 항냉동제 첨가 두부의 제조 공정을 개발하고 항냉동제 최적 배합비율과 첨가량을 조사하였다. 여러 가지 항냉동제를 첨가하여 비압착 두부를 제조하여 냉동저장한 후 다시 해동한 냉동저장 두부의 조직감 변화를 반응표면분석법(RSM)으로 분석하고 관능검사 결과와 비교하였다. 냉동으로 인한 두부의 조직감 변화를 최소화하는데는 glucose, glycerol, sorbitol, sodium tripolyphosphate가 단일 항냉동제로서 효과가 있었으며, glycerol과 sodium tripolyphosphate 사이에서는 상호작용도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 냉동두부에 항냉동제를 단독으로 첨가하는 것보다는 여러 가지를 혼합하여 첨가하는 것이 두부조직의 열화방지에 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 조직감 변화만을 고려한 절단시험의 RSM을 통하여 계산된 냉동두부의 항냉동제 최적 첨가량은 glucose 2.1%, glycerol 6.9%. sorbitol 2.1%, propylene glycol 0.4%, sodium tripolyphosphate 0.3% 이었으며, 조직감과 함께 맛과 향까지 고려한 전체 기호도 조사에 의한 항냉동제 최적 첨가량은 glucose 1%, glycerol 2%, sor-bitol 1%, propylene glycol 0.2%, sodium tripolyphosphate 0.5% 이었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.227-233
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare osteoblast behavior on zirconia and titanium under conditions cultured with bone morphogenetic protein-2. Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on sandblasted zirconia and sandblasted/etched titanium discs. At 24 hours after seeding MC3T3-E1, the demineralized bone matrix (DBM) gel alone and the DBM gel with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were added to the culture medium. The surface topography was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cellular proliferation was measured at 1, 4, and 7 days after gel loading. Alkaline phosphatase activity was measured at 7 days after gel loading. The mRNA expression of ALPase, bone sialoprotein, type I collagen, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), osteocalcin, and osterix were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction at 4 days and 7 days. Results: At 1, 4, and 7 days after loading the DBM gel alone and the DBM gel with BMP-2, cellular proliferation on the zirconia and titanium discs was similar and that of the groups cultured with the DBM gel alone and the DBM gel with BMP-2 was not significantly different, except for titanium with BMP-2 gel. ALPase activity was higher in the cells cultured with BMP-2 than in the other groups, but there was no difference between the zirconia and titanium. In ALPase, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, Runx-2 and osterix gene expression, that of cells on zirconia or titanium with BMP-2 gel was much more highly increased than titanium without gel at day 7. The gene expression level of cells cultured on zirconia with BMP-2 was higher than that on titanium with BMP-2 at day 7. Conclusions: The data in this study demonstrate that the osteoblastic cell attachment and proliferation of zirconia were comparable to those of titanium. With the stimulation of BMP-2, zirconia has a more pronounced effect on the proliferation and differentiation of the osteoblastic cells compared with titanium.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2009

석탄의 수요증가와 소비는 석탄의 이용과정에서 생성되는 고형페기물의 처리와 관련된 문제들을 증대시켰다. 석탄 부산물의 주요한 이용은 건설과 관련돼 적용되었다. 석탄부산물의 하나인 플라이애쉬는 폐기물 재활용 생산의 일부분으로 설명될 수 있기 때문에, 과학적인 조사의 대다수는 많은 사용에서 플라이애쉬의 활용에 관하여 초점이 맞춰졌다. 반면에, 바텀애쉬의 재활용에 관해서는 관심을 기울이지 않았다. 이러한 소홀함의 결과로서, 많은 양의 바텀애쉬가 처리장에 쌓여왔다. 따라서, 바텀애쉬의 적당한 이용을 위한 안전하고 경제적인 해결을 얻기 위한 필요성이 좀 더 긴급하게 되었다. 논문에 나타낸 연구는 오토클레이브 경량기포콘크리트를 제조하기 위해 사용된 바텀애쉬의 성능 특성을 확인하기 위해 계획되었다. 실험실 측정 결과, 토버모라이트는 수열합성반응을 위한 재료로서 바텀애쉬가 사용되었을 때 생성되는 것으로 나타났다. 분산분석에 따른 결과로서, 기포슬러리의 굳지 않은 상태에서 물비는 플로우와 슬러리의 밀도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만, 기포비는 슬러리의 밀도에만 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 굳은 상태에서에서 기포비는 경량기포콘크리트의 절건밀도와 압축강도에 영향을 끼쳤지만 휨강도와 인장강도에는 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 반응표면분석의 결과에서, 목표성능을 얻기 위한, 바텀애쉬를 사용한 경량기포콘크리트의 최적배합조건은 물비 70$\sim$80%, 기포비 90$\sim$100%로 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.345-350
• /
• 2007

인산당은 모든 유기체에서 발견되며 무척 다양한 유용성을 지니고 있다. 특히 glucose 1-phosphate (G1P), glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) 등은 해당과 정, 당합성과정, 5탄당 인산화과정 및 캘빈회로와 같은 탄수화물 대사와 에너지 생산 대사의 주요한 핵심 중간물질이다. 특히 해당과정에서 F6P는 G6P의 이성질화반응에 의하여 생성된다. F6P의 대량생산은 전분을 이용하는 것이 가능한데, 우선 전분에 인산화효소를 가하여 G1P를 얻고, 이 G1P를 자리옮김효소 (phosphoglucomutase, GM)와 이성질화효소 (phosphoglucoisomerase, GI)를 순차적으로 적용하여 G6P와 F6P를 생산하게 된다. 효소반응의 경우 전분의 용해도 증가, 반응속도의 향상 및 미생물의 오염방지 등을 위하여 중온성 효소보다는 고온성 효소 혹은 내열성 효소가 선호된다. 본 연구는 세 가지 내열성 효소를 이용하여 전분으로부터 두 단계반응으로 F6P를 생산하는 것에 관한 것이다. 실험에 사용된 효소는 대장균에서 발현된 재조합 효소로서, 효소의 생산은 유가식 배양을 이용하였다. 1.2% 가용성 전분 200 L를 이용하여 1,253 g의 순수한 G1P를 생산하였으며 이를 이용하여 최종적으로 30% 수율로 F6P를 생산할 수 있었다. 최대수율을 얻기 위하여 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 GM : GI = 1 : 1.23, 63.5$^{\circ}C$, pH 6.85의 조건이 도출되었으며, 이 조건하에서 실험을 통하여 20 g/L의 전분을 이용하여 30% 수율로 F6P가 생성됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2003

Hydroxyapatite(HA) has been extensively used as bone graft materials and tooth implant surface coating materials because of its biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties. However, as HA is intrinsically poor in mechanical properties, zirconia($ZrO_2$) was incorporated with HA as reinforcing phases for improvement of mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological activities of HA-coated zirconia through the cell proliferation test, measurements of alkaline phosphatase activity, and histologic examination. Four kinds of tested blocks were prepared according to the pore size (300-500${\mu}m$/500-700${\mu}m$) and the porosity (70%/90%). Cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured at 1, 7, 14 days. The number of cells proliferate after 7, 14 days were significantly increased in all groups when compared with that of the first day, but there was no significant difference between the 4 groups at each time period. At the 7 day, alkaline phosphatase activities of cells cultured in 4 groups were higher than that of the first day, but there was no significant difference between the 4 groups at each time period. The human gingival fibroblast and MG 63 cell was used to evaluate the cell cytotoxicity using MTT test. The materials tested in the current study turned out to be non-cytotoxic. In histologic examination(SEM), at 1 day there were many cells attached on the surfaces of all kinds of tested blocks. The number of cells were increased over time. At the 14 day, there were more cells proliferated than 1 day and some of the pores of blocks were partially filled with the proliferated cells. The in vitro response of osteoblast-like cells to the HA-coated zirconia showed comparable effect on transformation comparable to hydroxyapatite.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.293-306
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 알카리 열처리 티타늄 임플란트상에서 백서 태자 두개관 세포의 생물학적 반응을 알아보고자 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 알카리 열처리 티타니움 표면에서 Ti-6Al-4V 합금 표면에서보다 세포증식도가 유의하게 높았다 (p<0.01). 면역효소 분석에서 interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$와 IL-6의 합성은 배양 시간이 길수록 증가하였다. Herbimycin으로 전처치한 경우에는 세포 배양 7일 째에 IL-6의 합성이 유의하게 억제되었다(p<0.01). 알카리인산 분해 효소 활성은 알카리 열처리 임플란트에서 타이타늄, Ti-6Al-4V 합금 표면에서 보다 유의하게 더 높았다 (p<0.001). 유전자 분석에서 알카리 열처리 임플란트에서 배양된 세포들의 alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, receptor activated nuclear factor ligand 유전자의 발현이 증가하였다. Herbimycin과 SB203580으로 전처치시 $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ IL-6 유전자의 발현이 감소하였다. 이상의 결과는 알카리 열처리된 티타늄 임플란트가 조골세포의 분화를 자극하고 골개조를 촉진시킴을 시사한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.907-931
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to study of the effects of the bioglass and the natural coral on healing process of the alveolar bone defects. Three adult dogs aged 1 to 2 years were used in this study. Experimental alveolar bone defects were created surgically with surgical bur and bone chisel at the furcation area of the buccal surface of the right and left mandibular 3rd, 4th premolars. Twelve experimental alveolar bone defects were devided into four groups according to the type of graft materials. The groups were as follows : 1. flap operation with root planing & curettage(Negative control group) 2. flap operation with autogenous bone(Positive control group) 3. flap operation with bioglass(BG group) 4. flap operation with natural coral(NC group) At 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the dogs were serially sacrificed and specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The defect areas were filled with granulation tissue at two weeks in negative control group. But in other groups, the appearance of connective tissues around graft materials were formed more densely and the response of inflammation by graft materials itself was not found. 2. In every control and experimental groups at two weeks, there was seen the accumulation of the formation of new bone trabeculae at the bottom of defects and gradually expanded toward the graft materials and in autogenous group there was slightly seen the formation of new cementum. 3. There was seen the erosion of central portion of bioglass particles at two weeks in BG group, and the erosion of the central portion was developed more progressively and was filled with bone-like tissues at eight weeks. 4. The natural coral particles were encapsulated by densely connective tissues and seen the formation of new bone tissues at four weeks and developed more new bone and cementum formation at eight weeks. From the results of this study, the bioglass and the natural coral may be biocompatible and have a weak adverse reaction to the periodontal tissues.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제35권7호
• /
• pp.729-736
• /
• 2011

TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)는 상충되는 다수의 속성이 존재하는 상황에서 의사결정이 요구되는 다속성 의사결정법(Multi Attribute Decision Making) 중 하나이다. 이는 선택된 대체안이 최선의 이상적 대체안으로부터 가장 가까운 거리에 위치해야 하고, 동시에 부정적으로 이상적인 대체안으로부터는 가장 멀리 위치해야 한다는 논리에 입각한 의사결정 기법이다. TOPSIS 는 최소화와 최대화가 공존하는 다목적함수 형상 최적설계에 적용이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 TOPSIS 와 베지어 곡선(Rational Bezier Curve)을 적용하여 CRT(Cathode Ray Tubes) 후면유리의 다중목적 형상최적설계를 수행하였다. 무게와 1 차 주응력의 두 가지 다중목적 함수를 최적화하기 위하여, 다중목적 함수의 성능지표를 TOPSIS 의 상대적 근접도로 정의하고 이를 반응표면모델로 구성하여 다중목적 형상최적설계가 가능한 방법론을 제안하였다. 이를 통해 하나의 최적해가 아닌 최적해의 군이 선정되어, 무게와 주응력 최적해의 모순관계를 확인하면서 다양한 설계요구 스펙을 만족시켜줄 수 있는 방안을 설계자가 스스로 선택하도록 하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.207-214
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to optimize the processing conditions, including the ingredient ratio and extraction time, for a water-soluble fraction of Alaska pollock head and non-forming sea tangle by response surface methodology. Our results indicated that the optimal independent variables for obtaining extracts with a high yield and desirable sensory characteristics were 1.32 for $X_1$ (extraction time), 1.36 for $X_2$ (sea tangle concentration) and 0.93 for $X_3$ (water volume) in coded values, and 5.48 h for $X_1$, 18.18% for $X_2$ and 6.86 times for $X_3$ in uncoded values. The predicted values of $Y_1$ (yield), $Y_2$ (TCA soluble-N) and $Y_3$ (overall acceptance) for extracts produced under these optimized conditions were 22.10%, 1.83 g/100 mL and 5.9, respectively, their experimental values were 21.4%, 1.7 g/100 mL and 5.7, respectively. No significant differences between the actual and predicted values were found.