• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1247-1258
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• 2011

This study aimed to clarify the relationships among the characteristics of consumers and their influence on fashion leadership. Two kinds of variables were investigated in this study: centrality of visual product aesthetics and consumer innovativeness as personal characteristics, and role-relaxed consumption and consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence as interpersonal characteristics. Data were gathered by surveying university students in the Seoul metropolitan area, using convenience sampling, and 322 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. In analyzing data, correlation analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis were conducted. Factor analysis on the centrality of visual product aesthetics revealed three sub-factors: value, acumen, and response intensity. Meanwhile, factor analysis for consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence revealed two sub-factors: informative and normative conformities. However, consumer innovativeness, role-relaxed consumption, and fashion leadership revealed only one factor. Regression analysis showed that visual product aesthetics, especially acumen and response intensity, were the most influential factors; furthermore, consumer innovativeness and normative conformity had positive influence on fashion leadership. However, role-relaxed consumption had negative influence on fashion leadership.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.273-290
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• 2011

In current ductility-based earthquake-resistant design, the estimation of design forces continues to be carried out with the application of response modification factors on elastic design spectra. It is well-known that the response modification factor (R) takes into account the force reduction, strength, redundancy, and damping of structural systems. The key components of the response modification factor (R) are force reduction ($R_{\mu}$) and strength ($R_S$) factors. However, the response modification and strength factors for structural systems presented in design codes were based on professional judgment and experiences. A numerical study has been accomplished to evaluate force reduction, strength, and response modification factors for special steel moment resisting frames. A total of 72 prototype steel frames were designed based on the recommendations given in the AISC Seismic Provisions and UBC Codes. Number of stories, soil profiles, seismic zone factors, framing systems, and failure mechanisms were considered as the design parameters that influence the response. The effects of the design parameters on force reduction ($R_{\mu}$), strength ($R_S$), and response modification (R) factors were studied. Based on the analysis results, these factors for special steel moment resisting frames are evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.278-288
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• 2020

This study examined the effects of response-facilitating factors(Food-related Knowledge, Response-Efficacy, and Self-Efficacy) and response-inhibiting factors(Severity, Vulnerability, and Consumer Stress) on the consumer' behavior intention based on protection motivation theory, which explains the behavioral change to protect oneself. This study was conducted to reduce the customers' concerns regarding food safety accidents and introduce ways to make them more interested in food safety. A sample of 225 adults over 19 years of age was collected in February 2018 through a self-administered questionnaire. The results of the cognitive mediation process of protective motivation theory showed that the consumers' knowledge and self-efficacy which are response-facilitating factors, positively influence the behavioral intention. Severity and consumer stress were response-inhibiting factors. On the other hand, response-efficacy, which is a response-facilitating factor, and vulnerability, which is a response-inhibiting factor, did not influence the behavioral intention. Therefore, severity and consumer stress are response-inhibiting factors. The results were analyzed as a result of a behavioral change to protect oneself from food safety accidents. The applicability of the theory of protection motivation on the topic of food safety was also confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.456-465
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to understand the interrelationships between customers' perception of service encounter elements, customers' emotional response and customer satisfaction in a family restaurant. Based on a total of 408 samples, this study reviewed the reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of 4 hypotheses using the Amos program. The hypothesized relationships of the model were tested simultaneously using a structural equation model (SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate fit to the data, ${\chi}^2$=821.151 (df=333), CMIN/df 2.466, GFI .878, NFI .927, IFI .955, TLI .949, CFI .955, RMSEA .060. The results showed that human factor ($\beta$=.426) and physical factor ($\beta$=.266) as service encounter elements in family restaurants were indicated to have a positive (+) influence on customers' positive emotion. For influence of customers' negative emotion, human factor ($\beta$=-.157) was surveyed to have a negative (-) influence. Also, customers' positive emotion ($\beta$=.716) and negative emotion ($\beta$=-.081) had significant effects on customer satisfaction. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-48
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of flexibility of superstructures and nonlinear characteristics of LRB (Lead Rubber Bearing) isolator on inelastic response of base isolated structures is investigated. To demonstrate the intensity of damage in superstructures, demand response modification factor without the consideration of damping reduction factor, demand RI, is used and the N2 method is applied to compute this factor. To evaluate the influence of superstructure flexibility on inelastic response of base isolated structures, different steel intermediate moment resisting frames with different heights have been investigated. In lead rubber bearing, the rubber provides flexibility and the lead is the source of damping; variations of aforementioned characteristics are also investigated on inelastic response of superstructures. It is observed that an increase in height of superstructure leads to higher value of demand RI till 4-story frame but afterward this factor remains constant; in other words, an increase in height until 4-story frame causes more damage in the superstructure but after that superstructure's damage is equal to the 4-story frame's. The results demonstrate that the low value of second stiffness (rubber stiffness in LRBs) tends to show a significant decrease in demand RI. Increase in value of characteristic strength (yield strength of the lead in LRBs) leads to decrease in the demand RI.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.372-379
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• 2005

The earthquake resistant design concept allows the nonlinear behavior of structures under the design earthquake. Therefore the response spectrum method provided in most codes introduces the response modification factors to consider the nonlinear behavior in the design process. For bridges, the response modification factors are given according to the ductility as well as the redundancy of piers. In this study, among influence factors on the nonlinear seismic behavior, the randomness of artificial accelerograms simulated with different durations, the pier ductility represented by the inelastic behavior characteristic curve and the regularity represented by pier heights are selected. The influence of such factor on the seismic behavior is investigated by comparing response modification factors calculated with the nonlinear time step analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.631-640
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• 2016

The youth-pursing syndrome is especially amplified through a variety of media due to medical technology development, increases in social activities, and influence. This study discusses the relationship of youth-pursuing, media appearance information interest, and media contact responses focused middle-aged women. Data were collected from 245 females aged 40-65 in Seoul, Daejeon and Chungbuk area residents. The SPSS WIN 21.0 program analyzed the data by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and regression analysis. Youth-pursuing derived social, psychological, and outward factors. Only an outward factor of these three dimensions influenced a significant media appearance information interest, and media contact response. The regression analysis results for chronological age and cognitive age, cognitive age influenced all variables significantly (three factors of youth-pursuing, media appearance information interest, and media contact response). But chronological age influenced significantly only the media appearance information interest. This study verified the relationship of youth-pursuing and media variables (media appearance information interest and media contact response).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.913-927
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• 2010

This study investigates the influence of Likert scale formats such as the number of response categories and the inclusion of a mid-point from a methodological point of view using instruments that measure a fashionmarketing-related subject. Using a self-administered questionnaire, 201 respondents rated their economic clothing shopping orientation on three formats of scales that differed only in the number of response categories (ranging from 5 to 7) from February 8 to February 12, 2010. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank order correlation, t-test, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach's alpha were used in the analysis. The results are as follows. First, three scale formats were generally suitable for use due to validity and reliability. Second, the response results varied with the number of categories and the inclusion of a mid-point, although the differences were statistically insignificant (with only a few cases that differed). Third, construct validity was more secure in scales with fewer categories, whereas convergent and discriminant validity was generally good in all scale formats. Fourth, reliability coefficients were higher in scales with more categories. Fifth, the number of categories was of greater importance to instrument design than the inclusion of a mid-point. Implications for appropriate scale designs are suggested in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.9 no.2 s.31
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• pp.229-235
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• 1997

In order to check the influence of the randomness in yield strengths on the energy dissipation capacity of steel structures, behaviour factors applied for the "Response Spectrum Method" and their distributions are determined in this study with 7 steel framed models. Also 4 artificial accelerograms simulated with a given spectrum are applied to check the influence of the randomness in seismic action on the behviour factor. To execute numerous time-step calculations for the investigation a time-step analysis method is developed and applied after the reliability estimation to determine the action effects.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2003

This paper present a summary of the results of statistical study of the ductility factor which is key component of response modification factor(R). To compute the ductility factor, a group of 1,860 ground motions recorded from various earthquake was considered. Based on the local site conditions at the recording station, ground motions were classified into four groups according to average shear wave velocity. Inleastic spectrum were computed for elastic perfectly plastic SDOF systems undergoing different level of inelastic deformation and period. Ductility factors were calculated by deviding elastic response spectrum by inelastic response spectrum. The influence f displacement ductility ratio, site condition, magnitude and epicentral distance on ductility factors were studied. The coefficient of variation was computed to evaluated the dispersion of ductility factors as the defined ratio of the standard deviation to the mean.