• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권11호
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• pp.588-595
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• 2021

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), especially pneumonia, remain a major cause of infant mortality worldwide. In Indonesia, pneumonia is the second most common cause of infant and toddler deaths. Exclusive breastfeeding and basic immunization can protect infants and children from contracting pneumonia. Purpose: Our goal was to assess the risk factors for childhood pneumonia in regions with a high prevalence of pneumonia in Indonesia. Methods: This case-control study was conducted between March and April 2019. A total of 176 infants and toddlers aged 10-59 months were enrolled and selected from among patients who visited the community health center. Cases of pneumonia were diagnosed clinically based on the World Health Organization guidelines, and the control was nonpneumonia. Results: The risk factors for the diagnosis of pneumonia included no or nonexclusive breastfeeding (odds ratio [OR], 7.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.52-17.94), incomplete basic immunizations (OR, 4.47; 95% CI, 2.22-8.99), indoor air pollution (OR, 7.12; 95% CI, 3.03-16.70), low birth weight (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.19-8.92), and a high degree of wasting (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.06-7.17). Other variables such as nutritional status (height-for-age z score), age, sex, and educational status of the mother were not risk factors for pneumonia. Conclusion: No or nonexclusive breastfeeding, incomplete basic immunizations, indoor air pollution, a history of low birth weight, and severe malnutrition were risk factors for childhood pneumonia. Breastfeeding was the dominant factor, while sex modified the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of pneumonia.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2020

Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III or Sanfilippo syndrome) is a multisystem lysosomal storage disease that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It consists of four subtypes (MPS IIIA, B, C, and D), each characterized by the deficiency of different enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate at the lysosomal level. The typical clinical manifestation of MPS III includes progressive central nervous system (CNS) degeneration with accompanying systemic manifestations. Disease onset is typically before the age of ten years and death usually occurs in the second or third decade due to neurological regression or respiratory tract infections. However, there is currently no treatment for CNS symptoms in patients with MPS III. Invasive and non-invasive techniques that allow drugs to pass through the blood brain barrier and reach the CNS are being tested and have proven effective. In addition, the application of genistein treatment as a substrate reduction therapy is in progress.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.470-473
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• 1985

We performed clinical analysis about 20 cases of pulmonary parenchymal and intrabronchial hamartoma in Korea by literatures of the Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgical Society during 8 years from September 1976 to September 1984 and in addition to our hospital experienced 4 cases of pulmonary parenchymal hamartoma during same periods. 1] There were no cases below second decades. 2] Patients of pulmonary parenchymal hamartoma were asymptomatic, but patients of intrabronchial hamartoma were symptomatic [dyspnea & frequent upper respiratory tract infections]. 3] Pulmonary parenchymal hamartoma were confirmed by removal of mass, but intrabronchial hamartoma were confirmed by bronchoscopic biopsy. 4] There were no malignant changes in both type of pulmonary hamartoma.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.673-678
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• 2002

저자들은 학동기 아동에서 중요한 호흡기 감염원의 하나인 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 폐렴 환아에서 합병된 뇌경색 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1429-1440
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• 2008

In a meta-analysis combining the results from different clinical trials, it is important to consider the possible heterogeneity in outcomes between trials. Such variations can be regarded as random effects. Thus, random-effect models such as HGLMs (hierarchical generalized linear models) are very useful. In this paper, we propose a HGLM framework for analyzing the binominal response data which may have variations in the odds-ratios between clinical trials. We also present the prediction intervals for random effects which are in practice useful to investigate the heterogeneity of the trial effects. The proposed method is illustrated with a real-data set on 22 trials about respiratory tract infections. We further demonstrate that an appropriate HGLM can be confirmed via model-selection criteria.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2020

Background: Infectious conditions may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factor for combined infectious disease and its influence on mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: Patients with PE diagnosed based on spiral computed tomography findings of the chest were retrospectively analyzed. They were classified into two groups: patients who developed PE in the setting of infectious disease or those with PE without infection based on review of their medical charts. Results: Of 258 patients with PE, 67 (25.9%) were considered as having PE combined with infectious disease. The sites of infections were the respiratory tract in 52 patients (77.6%), genitourinary tract in three patients (4.5%), and hepatobiliary tract in three patients (4.5%). Underlying lung disease (odds ratio [OR], 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.926-7.081; p<0.001), bed-ridden state (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.390-5.811; p=0.004), and malignant disease (OR, 1.867; 95% CI, 1.017-3.425; p=0.044) were associated with combined infectious disease in patients with PE. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with PE combined with infectious disease than in those with PE without infection (24.6% vs. 11.0%, p=0.006). In the multivariate analysis, combined infectious disease (OR, 4.189; 95% CI, 1.692-10.372; p=0.002) were associated with non-survivors in patients with PE. Conclusion: A substantial portion of patients with PE has concomitant infectious disease and it may contribute a mortality in patients with PE.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권10호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2013

Purpose: Previous studies suggest that the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in cord blood may show an inverse association with respiratory tract infections (RTI) during childhood. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of 25(OH)D concentrations in cord blood on infant RTI in a Korean birth cohort. Methods: The levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood obtained from 525 Korean newborns in the prospective COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases were examined. The primary outcome variable of interest was the prevalence of RTI at 6-month follow-up, as diagnosed by pediatricians and pediatric allergy and pulmonology specialists. RTI included acute nasopharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, otitis media, croup, tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Results: The median concentration of 25(OH)D in cord blood was 32.0 nmol/L (interquartile range, 21.4 to 53.2). One hundred and eighty neonates (34.3%) showed 25(OH)D concentrations less than 25.0 nmol/L, 292 (55.6%) showed 25(OH)D concentrations of 25.0-74.9 nmol/L, and 53 (10.1%) showed concentrations of ${\geq}75.0$ nmol/L. Adjusting for the season of birth, multivitamin intake during pregnancy, and exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy, 25(OH)D concentrations showed an inverse association with the risk of acquiring acute nasopharyngitis by 6 months of age (P for trend=0.0004). Conclusion: The results show that 89.9% of healthy newborns in Korea are born with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency (55.6% and 34.3%, respectively). Cord blood vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in healthy neonates is associated with an increased risk of acute nasopharyngitis by 6 months of age. More time spent outdoors and more intensified vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women may be needed to prevent the onset of acute nasopharyngitis in infants.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2019

목적: 호흡기세포융합바이러스(RSV)와 라이노바이러스(hRV)는 소아의 호흡기 바이러스감염의 가장 흔한 원인이다. 본 연구는 RSV 혹은 hRV 감염으로 입원하는 소아의 역학, 임상적 특성, 혈액 검사 결과를 분석하고, 각 바이러스 단독 감염과 동시 감염 간의 임상적 특성 및 혈액 검사 결과를 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 2014년 10월부터 2017년 4월까지 매년 10월부터 4월 사이에 원주세브란스기독병원 소아청소년과에 호흡기 증상으로 입원한 만 5세 미만의 환아 중, 비강인두도말 검체로 다중 역전사 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응 검사를 시행하여 RSV 혹은 hRV가 검출된 사례를 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 강원 지역 소아 호흡기 환자의 multiplex RT-PCR 바이러스 검출 패턴 상, RSV는 늦가을부터 초봄 사이, hRV는 연중 고르게 분포하였다. RSV 혹은 hRV가 검출된 총 384례 중 RSV는 258례(R group), hRV는 99례(H group)에서 단독으로 검출되었고, RSV와 hRV의 동시 검출은 27례에서 있었다(RH group). R군의 연령 중앙값은 6개월이었으며, 248례(96.1%)가 하기도 감염이었다. 산소치료는 14례(5.4%)에서 있었다. 12개월 미만의 영아가 반수 이상을 차지하였고(63.2%) 호흡곤란, 산소치료가 많았다. H군의 연령 중앙값은 16개월이었으며, 56례(56.6%)가 하기도 감염이었다. 산소치료는 4례(4.0%), 기계 호흡은 1례(1.0%)에서 시행하였다. 영아(40.4%)는 12개월 이상 환자보다 재원기간이 길었다(5 vs. 4 days, P<0.05). RH군의 경우 24례(88.9%)가 하기도 감염이었고, 산소치료는 2례(7.4%)에서 있었다. RH군은 R군 및 H군과 비교하여 재원기간, 산소치료 및 기계 호흡의 비율에 차이가 없어, 동시 감염과 단독 감염의 유의한 중증도 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: RSV는 hRV보다 더 어린 연령에서 잘 이환되고 하기도 감염의 비율이 높았다. 동시 감염된 환자의 임상증상은 RSV 감염의 특성이 보다 반영되었고, 단독 감염에 비해 중증도에 차이는 없었다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.460-470
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was to identify the factors influencing the practice of respiratory infection prevention (RIP) for the elderly residing in rural areas. Methods: The data were collected from 188 residents aged 65 years or older residing in the jurisdictions of four public health clinics in rural areas of C city, using a structured questionnaire for the period from December 1, 2018 to February 28, 2019. The collected data were analyzed with independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: The score on knowledge of RIP was 8.82±1.36, while it was 4.53±0.47 for attitude, 3.78±0.66 for practice, and 3.78±0.69 for social capital. It was observed that the factors influencing the practice of RIP were attitude of RIP (β=.38, p<.001), social capital (β=.29, p<.001), family type (β=-.19, p=.002), and subjective health status (β=.15, p=.035), while the explanatory power of the model was 47%. Conclusion: Consequently, to enhance the practice of RIP for the elderly residing in rural areas, it is necessary to develop programs considering social and environmental characteristics of rural areas based on their attitude of RIP, social capital, family type and subjective health status.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.533-537
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• 2008

M. pnuemonia 감염은 사람에서 사람으로 전파되며 모든 연령의 소아에서 발생할 수 있으나 주로 학동기, 젊은 성인에서 하부 호흡기 계통의 질환을 유발하여 인두염, 기관지염, 모세기관지염, 크루프, 폐렴의 질환을 유발한다. M. pneumoniae 는 호흡기 감염 외에도 다양한 장기에 감염을 일으키며 합병증으로 다형홍반, Steven-Johnson syndrome, 수막뇌염, 무균성 수막염, 간염, 관절염, 심근염, 용혈성 빈혈 등이 발생할 수 있다. M. pneumoniae 의해 발생하는 신경계 합병증의 병태생리는 아직 명확하게 밝혀지지 않았으며 여러가지 가설이 제시되고 있다. 저자들은 M. pneumoniae 에 의한 중추 신경계 합병증으로 뇌염과 뇌경색의 각각 1례를 경험 하였기에 이를 보고하고자 한다.