• Title/Summary/Keyword: respiratory rate

Search Result 1,667, Processing Time 0.032 seconds

Respiration Characteristics of Rough Rice (벼의 호흡 특성)

  • 김동철;김의웅;금동혁
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
    • /
    • v.23 no.4
    • /
    • pp.335-342
    • /
    • 1998
  • The objectives of this study were to evaluate respiration characteristics and develop empirical respiratory rate equations for short gain rough rice. The carbon dioxide concentrations generated from mush rice at four level temperatures(10, 20, 30, 4$0^{\circ}C$) and 4 level moisture contents(17.2, 21.5, 25.9, 31.6%, d.b.) were measured by gas chromatography. The respiratory rates' increased exponentially with gain temperature and also with moisture content The relationship between respiratory rate and gain temperature fitted the Arrehenius' and Core's equations very well. Two empirical respiratory rate equations were presented as a function of gain temperature and moisture content. The values of determination coefficient for the developed respiratory rate equations were 0.999, and the result of t-test showed that there were no significant differences between predicted and measured respiratory rates on significance level of 1%. Therefore, it appeared that respiratory rates predicted by the respiratory rate equations agreed well with measured values. An equation for predicting dry matter losses of rough rice during storage was presented by modifying the respiratory rate equations based on chemical reaction of decomposition of carbohydrate.

  • PDF

The Concept and Clinical Application of the Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Biofeedback (호흡 동성 부정맥 (Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia) 바이오피드백의 개념과 임상적 활용)

  • Lee, Chang-Soo;Woo, Jong-Min
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.33-38
    • /
    • 2006
  • Biofeedback training to increase the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia(RSA) maximally increases the amplitude of heart rate variability(HRV) only in respiratory rate at approximately 0.1Hz. To perform this task, people slow their breathing to this rate to point where resonance occur between respiratory sinus arrhythmia(RSA) and oscillation that naturally occur at this rate, probably triggered in part by baroreflex activity. The biofeedback technique allows each individual to breathe at a rate that is specifically adapted to the rhythms of his or her own body. A manual is presented for carrying out this method.

  • PDF

The Survival Rate of Korean Patients with COPD with or without Acute Exacerbations

  • Uh, Soo-Taek;Lee, Ji-Yeon;Koo, So-Mi;Kim, Yang-Ki;Kim, Ki-Up;Park, Jong-Sook;Park, Sung-Woo;Jang, An-Soo;Kim, Do-Jin;Choi, Jae-Sung;Na, Joo-Ok;Suh, Ki-Hyun;Kim, Yong-Hoon;Park, Choon-Sik
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
    • /
    • v.70 no.6
    • /
    • pp.474-481
    • /
    • 2011
  • Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by air low limitation, which is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. There have been many studies on survival rates in the world literature, but there have been few reports regarding the survival rate in Korean patients with COPD. Acute exacerbation is regarded as a risk factor for mortality in patients with COPD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the survival rate and the effect of acute exacerbations on the survival rate of Korean patients with COPD. Methods: A total of 502 COPD patients who were diagnosed on the basis of history and lung function tests were enrolled in this study. The frequency of acute exacerbations, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP) and pulmonary hypertension were analyzed. Results: The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 98% and 83%, respectively. The median survival time was 78 months. The median survival time was 55 months in 322 patients with one or more acute exacerbations. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were significantly lower in the 322 patients with one or more acute exacerbations than in those without any. The mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with CRP>3 mg/L than in those with CRP ${\leq}3$ mg/L (p<0.005); it was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension than in those without it (p<0.01). Conclusion: Because the 5-year survival rate is 83% in Korean patients with COPD, the management of stable patients with COPD should focus on the prevention of acute exacerbations.

Effect of Respiratory Resistance Mask on Respiratory Function during Treadmill Exercise (트레드밀 운동 시 호흡 저항 마스크가 호흡 기능에 미치는 영향 )

  • Jong-Ho Kang;Tae-Sung ark
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
    • /
    • v.18 no.1
    • /
    • pp.51-57
    • /
    • 2023
  • PURPOSE: Recently, the proportion of respiratory diseases has been increasing worldwide, and deaths from respiratory diseases in Korea are increasing. Maintaining a healthy respiratory function is a crucial factor in preventing respiratory diseases. There are various ways to improve respiratory function, such as respiratory muscle and aerobic exercises. In other countries, respiratory muscle exercise is performed using a respiratory resistance mask, but such research is insufficient in Korea. Therefore, this paper proposes a respiratory exercise program using a respiratory resistance mask. METHODS: This study was conducted by dividing healthy adults in their 20s into a treadmill exercise + respiratory resistance mask group and a treadmill exercise group into an experimental group and a control group. The changes in the subject's physical function before and after exercise were confirmed by cardiopulmonary exercise and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: As a result of the study, the experimental and control groups increased their physical function significantly (p < .05). On the other hand, when the increase rate according to the group was confirmed, the increase rate of the experimental group was higher. CONCLUSION: Based on this study, it is necessary to develop a respiratory exercise program using respiratory exercise tools such as a respiratory resistance mask and provide it easily to various subjects.

Autonomic Nervous System Changes Associated with Respiratory Cycle and Posture (호흡 주기와 자세에 따른 자율신경계의 변화)

  • Song, Seongin;Goo, Bongoh
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
    • /
    • v.6 no.2
    • /
    • pp.17-23
    • /
    • 2018
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the respiratory cycle and posture can modulate the autonomic nervous system. Methods : Thirty-two healthy men and women, aged 20-30 years, were enrolled in this study. We conducted 2-second and 6-second respiratory cycle with the subjects in standing, sitting, and supine positions, respectively. Their heart rate variability was measured in each position for both cycle lengths. Results : The low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio is derived from heart rate variability. In the 2-second respiratory cycles, the LF/HF ratios were highest in standing, sitting, and supine position in descending order. There was a significant difference in heart rate between standing and sitting positions (P<.005). In addition, there was a significant difference in heart rate between standing and supine position (P<.000). In the 6-second respiratory cycles, the LF/HF ratios were again highest in a standing, sitting, and supine position in descending order. However, posture was not found to make a significant difference in this case. Conclusion : Respiratory cycle and posture effectively modulated the autonomic nervous system. Further studies of the clinical application of these results should be conducted.

The Effects of Respiratory Rehabilitation Training on Respiratory Functions of Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patients (호흡재활훈련이 경수손상환자의 호흡기능에 미치는 효과)

  • Cho, Nam-Ok;Park, Soo-Won;Kim, Keum-Soon;Kim, Sun-Ok;Kim, In-Ja;Park, Song-Ja;Park, Jee-Won;Yoo, Kyung-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
    • /
    • v.10 no.2
    • /
    • pp.108-115
    • /
    • 2007
  • Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of respiratory rehabilitation training on the respiratory functions of hospitalized cervical spinal cord injury patients. Methods: One group pre and post test design was used. Subjects were 20 cervical spinal cord injury inpatients of the national rehabilitation center. Training program consisted of air cumulation training, manual assisted coughing training, and abdominal breathing. Trained rehabilitation nurse implemented 20 minutes program twice a day for 4 weeks. Respiratory function was measured as peak coughing flow rate, and perceived respiratory difficulty after activity on wheel chair for 30 minutes and during speaking and singing. Perceived respiratory difficulty was measured with modified Borg scale. Also content analysis was done with the result of open ended question about subjective feeling about training. All variables were measured 3 times before, 2weeks and 4 weeks after the program. Results: Peak coughing flow rate significantly improved after compared to before training. Also all three perceived respiratory difficulty variables decreased significantly after training. In the content analysis, 'it's easier to cough up phlegm' was the most frequent answered subjective feeling. 'Sound at speaking and coughing became louder', 'respiratory volume increased', and 'comfortable chest feeling' were frequent answered subjective feeling, in order. Conclusion: Although it is preliminary since no control group, respiratory rehabilitation training was found to be effective to improve respiratory function in terms of peak coughing flow rate, perceived respiratory difficulty, and subjective feeling. It is necessary further systemic research to investigate the effects of respiratory rehabilitation training.

  • PDF

A Study on the Measurement of Respiratory Rate Using a Respirator Equipped with an Air Pressure Sensor

  • Shin, Woochang
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
    • /
    • v.11 no.4
    • /
    • pp.240-246
    • /
    • 2022
  • In order to measure the respiratory rate, one of the major vital signs, many devices have been developed and related studies have been conducted. In particular, as the number of wearers of respirators increases in the COVID-19 pandemic situation, studies have been conducted to measure the respiratory rate of the wearer by attaching an electronic sensor to the respirator, but most of them are cases in which an air flow sensor or a microphone sensor is used. In this study, we design and develop a system that measures the respiratory rate of the wearer using an air pressure sensor in a respirator. Air pressure sensors are inexpensive and consume less power than the other sensors. In addition, since the amount of data required for calculation is small and the algorithm is simple, it is suitable for small-scale and low-power processing devices such as Arduino. We developed an algorithm to measure the respiratory rate of a respirator wearer by analysing air pressure change patterns. In addition, variables that can affect air pressure changes were selected, and experimental scenarios were designed according to the variables. According to the designed scenario, we collected air pressure data while the respirator wearer was breathing. The performance of the developed system was evaluated using the collected data.

The effect of dental scaling noise during intravenous sedation on acoustic respiration rate (RRaTM)

  • Kim, Jung Ho;Chi, Seong In;Kim, Hyun Jeong;Seo, Kwang-Suk
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
    • /
    • v.18 no.2
    • /
    • pp.97-103
    • /
    • 2018
  • Background: Respiration monitoring is necessary during sedation for dental treatment. Recently, acoustic respiration rate ($RRa^{TM}$), an acoustics-based respiration monitoring method, has been used in addition to auscultation or capnography. The accuracy of this method may be compromised in an environment with excessive noise. This study evaluated whether noise from the ultrasonic scaler affects the performance of RRa in respiratory rate measurement. Methods: We analyzed data from 49 volunteers who underwent scaling under intravenous sedation. Clinical tests were divided into preparation, sedation, and scaling periods; respiratory rate was measured at 2-s intervals for 3 min in each period. Missing values ratios of the RRa during each period were measuerd; correlation analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were performed on respiratory rates measured by RRa and capnogram. Results: Respective missing values ratio from RRa were 5.62%, 8.03%, and 23.95% in the preparation, sedation, and scaling periods, indicating an increased missing values ratio in the scaling period (P < 0.001). Correlation coefficients of the respiratory rate, measured with two different methods, were 0.692, 0.677, and 0.562 in each respective period. Mean capnography-RRa biases in Bland-Altman analyses were -0.03, -0.27, and -0.61 in each respective period (P < 0.001); limits of agreement were -4.84-4.45, -4.89-4.15, and -6.18-4.95 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The probability of missing respiratory rate values was higher during scaling when RRa was used for measurement. Therefore, the use of RRa alone for respiration monitoring during ultrasonic scaling may not be safe.

Risk Factors to Predict Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients with Acute Pesticide Poisoning (급성 농약 중독환자에서 호흡 부전 발생의 위험 인자)

  • Cho, Nam-Jun;Park, Samel;Lee, Eun Young;Gil, Hyo-Wook
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
    • /
    • v.18 no.2
    • /
    • pp.116-122
    • /
    • 2020
  • Acute respiratory failure is an important risk factor for mortality in patients with acute pesticide poisoning. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the risk factors to predict respiratory failure in these patients. This study retrospectively investigated the clinical features of respiratory failure among patients with acute pesticide poisoning requiring mechanical ventilation. This study included patients who were admitted with intentional poisoning by pesticide ingestion from January 2017 to December 2019. Paraquat intoxication was excluded. Among 469 patients with acute pesticide poisoning, 398 patients were enrolled in this study. The respiratory failure rate was 30.4%. The rate of respiratory failure according to the type of pesticide was carbamate (75.0%), organophosphate (52.6%), glufosinate (52.1%), glyphosate (23%), pyrethroid (8.9%), and others (17%). The mortality was 25.6% in the respiratory failure group. The risk factors for respiratory failure were old age, low body mass index, and ingestion of more than 300 mL. In conclusion, respiratory failure is a risk factor for mortality in pesticide poisoning. Old age, low body mass index, and ingestion of more than 300 mL are the risk factors for predicting respiratory failure.

Two algorithms for detecting respiratory rate from portable patient monitoring device (휴대형 심전도 모니터링 장치에서의 2가지 호흡 검출 알고리즘)

  • Kim, Jong-Myoung;Hong, Joo-Hyun;Kim, Nam-Jin;Cha, Eun-Joug;Lee, Tae-Soo
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 2006.04a
    • /
    • pp.36-38
    • /
    • 2006
  • In this study, two algorithms for detecting respiratory rate from Portable ECG device were presented. The first algorithms counts the number of ECG samples between R-R peaks, which varies according to respiratory states of patients, such as, exhalation and inhalation. The second algorithms detects the rate by measuring the size of R wave, which also varies according to the respiratory status of patient. These two algorithms were programmed to the laboratory developed ECG device and their usefulness was verified in laboratory environment.

  • PDF