• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2012

Campylobacter species are known to the high optimum growth temperature ($42^{\circ}C$) and the cause of enteritis in people. Erythromycin has a curative effect for enteritis caused by the bacteria. However, the rate of erythromycin-resistant bacteria was not well known until recently in Korea. Swine are one of sources of the infection with a Campylobacter species which cause the symptom of a high temperature. In this study, we cultured rectum fecal specimens of 100 pigs in an area of Buan-gun, Jeonbuk Province during July 2009. As a result, the detection rate of C. jejuni and C. coli and the rate of erythromycin-resistant bacteria for the separated Campylobacter species on the condition of high temperature were investigated. The possession or not of hipO and glyA gene and ciprofloxacin-resistant gene gyrA was also reviewed with biochemical characteristics and PCR.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2011

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a real and growing problem for both Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial pathogens in the hospital setting. Among Gram negative bacteria, the ubiquitous bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a particular concern in immunocompromised and burn patients. The present study evaluated antibacterial activity and efficacy of a Korean herbal medicine against eight multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (0225, 0254, 0347, 0826, 1113, 1378, 1731, and 2492) isolated at Daegu Catholic University Hospital. Methanol extracts of Galla rhois (5 and 10 mg/mL) displayed inhibition diameters for isolate 2492 of 10 and 12 mm, respectively, in a conventional disc diffusion assay. In seven kinds of Korean herbal medicines, increased inhibitory power of Lonicera japonica, Gardenia jasminoides, Galla rhois, and Scultellaria baicalensis was evident with the fermentation of six kinds of lactic acid bacteria. Three lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum KCTC 3108, L. casei KCTC 3109, and L. fermentum KCTC 3112) were identified as excellent strains for the production of antibacterial materials. In the six Korean herbal medicine extracts, strong inhibitory activity of fermented Forsythia suspensa, Glycyrrhizae radix, Lycium chinense, Platycodon grum, and Schizandra chinensis with five kinds of lactic acid bacteria was evident for seven multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa isolates.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.403-406
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• 2004

Environmental endocrine disruptors (EDs) are toxic, hormone-like chemicals which can be found in our normal daily life. We have examined if EDs can inhibit the monocellular microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria or if the growth of lactic acid bacteria could be resistant to the endocrine disruptors. We have used Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (KCTC No. 3165) as an experimental strain and bisphenol A, benzophenone and phenylphenol for the comparison purpose. Experiments included the evaluation of turbidity, absorbance and actual cell counts. We found that No.3165 was somewhat resistant to EDs naturally, however, high concentration of EDs could inhibit the growth of No. 3165 completely. Different EDs showed different spectrum of inhibit. This study should contribute to the development of more resistant lactic acid bacteria to EDs and to the development of functional fermented beverage.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 1990

낙동강에서의 수은 내성세균이 본포를 조사한 결과 $HgCl_{2}$가 20ppm이상 함유된 배지에서 정상이 가능한 수은 내성세균이 전체

• 약학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.345-349
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• 1992

Thymidylate synthase activity from extracts of various methotrexate-resistant strains was measured by spectrophotometric assay. Methotrexate-resistant strains of Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp. HS-1, Klebsillela pneumonae, Cellulomonas fimi and Serratia marcescens elevated thymidylate synthase levels, especially, Pseudomonas sp. KL-9 resistant to $10^{-9}M$ methotrexate have a 156-fold increase in thymidylate synthase, which suggests that Pseudomonas sp. is a convenient source of thymidylate synthase. Several methotrexate strains of yeast were tested, however, their enzyme activity was generally lower than that of bacteria tested.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2009

축산환경개선용 미생물 제품 중 시장점유율을 기준으로 상위제품 A, B,하위 제품 E, F와 현재 개발완료 되어진 C, D를 선정하여 생균수 측정과, 사료첨가용으로 사용이 금지된 항생제에 대한 내성 테스트를 실시하였다. 생균수 측정 결과 상위 점유율의 A, B사 제품은 표기상의 생균수와 일치하였으나, 하위 점유율을 차지하고 있는 E제품의 경우 함유균주나 효능에 대한 정보를 제공하고 않고 있을뿐더러 F사의 제품은 균수가 적게 측정되어 실제 표기사항과 일치하지 않았다. 항생제 내성실험결과 점유율에 따른 상관관계는 없었으나, B사를 제외한 제품의 대부분에서 내성균이 존재함을 확인하였다. Lincosimides 계열의 Lincomycicne과 Clindamycin의 경우 B사를 제외한 제품에서 내성균이 존재하였다. Penicillins 계열의 Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Penicillin 및 Macrolide 계열의 Erythromycin 항생제는 B사와 E를 제외한 제품에서 내성균이 존재함을 확인하였다. Quinoline계열 Norploxacin 또한 B사와 E사를 제외한 제품에서 내성균을 보였으며 Neomycin의 항생제 또한 유사한 내성분포 결과를 나타내었다. Neomycin과 같은 Aminiglycosides계열의 Gentamycin, Streptomycin은 B사제품을 제외한 제품에서 내성을 나타내었다. 마지막으로 내성-균으로 사용 금지된 Tetracycline계열의 Oxytetracyclin은 12가지 항생제중 가장 높은 비율의 감수성을 나타내었으나 B, E사를 제외한 제품에서 내성균의 존재를 확인하였다. 실험결과 사용 금지된 항생제 품목임에도 불구하고 많은 제품에서 때 성균이 존재하였으며, 이에 따라 환경개선제 특성의 정확한 표기와 체계적인 유통 체계와 검증 과정이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 김의 위생상 안전성 확보를 위해 전자선조사 선량에 따른 미생물의 저감화 효과를 확인하고 전자선저항성 세균을 분리 동정하였다. 시중에서 시판되고 있는 건조 김에 4 kGy와 7 kGy 선량으로 전자선을 각각 조사한 후 총균수를 측정하였으며, 대조구 ($1.5{\pm}0.2){\times}10^6CFU/g$와 비교 시, ($5.4{\pm}0.5){\times}10^4CFU/g$와 ($1.1{\pm}0.6){\times}10^4CFU/g$로 각각 유의적으로 감소함을 알 수 있었다, 또한 방사선 저항성세균의 수는 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 붉은색 colony수의 변화는 거의 없었으나 노란색 colony의 수는 유의적으로 감소하여 7 kGy에서는 발견되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 방사선 저항성 세균을 순수 분리하여 형태학적 생화학적 특성을 살펴본 결과 붉은색과 노란색 colony 모두 구균의 그람양성이었으며 catalase test에서 양성반응을 나타내었고 3%와 5%의 NaCl 함유 배지에서 생육이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 균주 동정 결과 붉은색 colony는 D. proteolyticus와 D. piscis로, 노란색 colony는 M. flavus와 M. luteus로 각각 확인되었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.207-222
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• 2003

As a material of metal-ceramic prosthesis, nickel as a form of Ni-Cr alloy has been used for many dental prostheses in many cases. However, several problems in use of the alloy have been revealed (ex ; tissue stimulation, skin allergy, hypersensitivity cytotoxicity and carcinogenecity). Little is known about nickel with respect to the relationship between Ni-prosthesis and gaining of Niresistance in oral microorganisms. The present study was undertaken to check whether use of Ni-prosthesis leads to occurrence of Ni-resistant microorganisms. So this study may suggest the possible relationships between the oral microorganisms and nickel-resistance in oral environment. Bacteria were isolated from the gingival crevicular fluid on the patients wearing Ni-Cr prosthesis. The isolated bacteria were tested fir their Ni-resistance in nickel containing media at different concentration from 3mM to 110mM. E. coli HB101 was used as control. The Ni-resistant bacteria were isolated and biochemically identified. The Ni-resistant bacteria were tested several biochemical, molecular-biological tests. Performed tests were : measuring the growth curve, antibiotic test, growth ability test in liquid media, isolation of the chromosome and plasmid, digestion of DNA by restriction enzyme, electrophoresis of chromosome and plasmid DNA, identification of Ni-resistant genes by the DNA hybridization. The results were as follows 1) The bacteria isolated from gingival crevicular fluid on the patients wearing Ni-Cr alloy prosthesis showed nickel-resistance. 2) The isolated microorganisms grew at nickel containing media of high concentrations (60mM-110mM). 3) Based on the biochemical tests, the isolated microorganisms were identified as Enterococcus faecalis(13 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae(1 case) and Enterobacter gergoviae(1 case). 4) Enterococcus faecalis expressed not only nickel resistance but also the multi-drug resistance to several antibiotics ; chloramphenicol, kanamicin, streptomycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, However, all strain showed the sensitivity against the tetracycline. 5) DNA hybridization result suggests that there is no homology between the previously known gene of nickel resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and chromosomal DNA of Enterococcus faecalis.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2022

Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent used in various human personal care products against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of TCS-resistant bacteria in sewage water in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, for the first time. TCS-supplemented Luria Bertani (LB) agar was used to isolate TCS-tolerant bacteria. A total of 17 TCS-resistant isolates were randomly selected from a large pool of bacteria that showed growth on TCS-supplemented LB agar. Based on gram staining and physiochemical characteristics, the isolated strains were identified as Salmonella typhi (n = 6), Escherichia coli (n = 4), Citrobacter freundii (n = 4), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1). The Triclosan mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the isolates of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 23.66 ㎍ ml^-1, 18.75 ㎍ ml^-1, 42 ㎍ ml^-1, 32 ㎍ ml^-1, 64 ㎍ ml^-1, and 128 ㎍ ml^-1, respectively. The antibiogram revealed that all isolates were resistant to penicillin G (100%) and linezolid (100%), followed by ampicillin (94%), tetracycline (76%), tazobactam (76%), sulbactam/cefoperazone (64%), polymyxin PB (58%), amikacin (29.41%), aztreonam (29.41%), imipenem (5%), and gentamicin (5%). This is the first known study regarding the isolation of TCS-tolerant bacteria from sewage water in Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. It was concluded that all the TCS-resistant isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, mostly belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2010

This study aims to evaluate the effect of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with high-level mupirocin resistance (Hi-Mup MRSA). To examine the antimicrobial effect of photogem-mediated PDT against Hi-Mup MRSA, CFU quantifications, bacteria cell viability tests, and disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests were evaluated. In addition, one of PDT mechanisms was investigated by accumulating photogem ($10\;{\mu}g/ml$) in Hi-Mup MRSA. Photogem-mediated PDT properly inhibited the colony formation of Hi-Mup MRSA. Viable bacteria decreased greatly after a PDT application with photogem $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ at energy density $15\;J/cm^2$. The diameter of the inhibition zone around susceptible disks increased after PDT. In addition, we confirmed the accumulation of photogem in bacteria through fluorescent images. These results demonstrated that excellent photosensitization of Hi-Mup MRSA can be achieved using photogem with 630 nm LED irradiation. Thus, PDT may make survival Hi-Mup MRSA inactive.