• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.331-337
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• 1988

This paper dealt with the distribution of Salmonella (S) infection on 4 herds in Kyungju and Taegu during the period from May to October 1986. Isolated Salmonella were examined for serotypes, antimicrobial drug resistance and detection of R plasmid. The results obtained were summarised as followings: 1. Of total 4.622 samples from 4 herds, 67 Salmonella were isolated from 51 samples(1.1%), and their serovar strains were S typhimurium 6, S derby 5, S infantis 4, S bareilly 4, S dublin 3, S anatum 2, S montevideo 2 and untypable 41. 2. The isolation rate of Salmonella was higher in summer and autumn. 3. Of the 67 strains examined, 45 (67.2%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics, such as ampicillin (Am), cephalothin (Ce), chloramphenicol (Cm), rifampicin (Rf), sulfadimethoxine (Su), and tetracycline (Tc), and higher resistant to Sm (40.2%), Ce (31.3%), Am (23.9%). 4. Of the 45 resistant Salmonella strains, 44 (97.8%) harbored conjugative R plasmids and the transfer frequency of Sm (100%), Ce (95.2%), Tc (91.0%) and Su (80.0%) resistance was much higher than that of the other drug resistance. 5. The most common resistant patterns were Sm, Ce, AmCeCmSmSuTc, and AmCe. 6. In 4 herds, the incidience of drug resistance was 57.7%~100% and transfer frequency of conjugative R plasmid was 96.1%~100%.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2020

This study aimed to determine the current prevalence, serovar distribution and antimicrobial resistance rate and patterns of nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) in slaughter sheep and their edible offal. While filling the gap of up to date related information in Turkey, data presented is also of significance since contamination of ovine meat, its products and offal with this pathogen is threat to public health due to their considerably high consumption rates in our country. Current NTS carriage in 200 apparently healthy slaughter sheep by ISO 6579:2002, 6579:2002/A1:2007 standard bacteriology (ISO) was 5% (10/200) (4 fecal content - 2%, 3 mesenterial lymph node - 1.5%, 3 kidney - 1.5%) out of 1,400 samples (0.7%), with no isolation from carcass, liver, gallbladder, spleen. Real-time PCR was in substantial agreement to ISO in confirming Salmonella-suspect isolates (Relative Trueness: 93.6%). S. Newport (40%) was the predominant serovar, followed by the second prevalent serovars as S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky (20%), and by S. Umbilo and S. Corvallis (10%). Four and 6 out of 10 NTS isolates were susceptible (40%) and resistant (60%) to 18 antimicrobials, respectively. S. Typhimurium isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) to tigecycline and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, with one also resistant to cefepime. S. Corvallis was MDR to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin. The predominance of S. Newport and first isolation of S. Corvallis in sheep in the world; first time isolations of Newport, Kentucky, Corvallis, Umbilo serovars from sheep in Turkey; and high antimicrobial resistance rates obtained in majority of the isolates highlights study findings.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 1999

This study was carried out to isolate and identify Salmonella species from poultry slaughterhouses and pork meat processing plants during the period from January 1997 to August 1998, and analyze resistance of antimicrobial agents and plasmid profiles of isolated Salmonella strains. A total of 15 Salmonella strains was isolated from poultry carcasses, swine carcasses, pork meats and cutting boards. Identified Salmonella strains were S. typhimurium, S. heidelberg, S. hilingdon, S. mbandaka, and S. virginia. Ten (66.7%) of 15 Salmonella strains showed resistance to antimicrobial agents and five strains (33.3%) of them were resistant to two or more antimirobial agents. Plasmids were isolated from three Salmonella isolates which had two or more plasmids.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2001

Water extract of green tea(GTW) and 70% ethanol extract of green tea(GTE) were prepared for the test of antibacterial activity. The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium to the green tea extracts in various pH of culture broth was tested. Tryptic soy broth(TSB) containing 0∼2%(w/v) of green tea extracts was adjusted to pH 5.0∼7.0 and inoculated with 10$\^$5/∼10$\^$6/ cells/ml of each bacteria. The plate counting method and clear zone test were used to determine inhibitory effect of green tea extracts. Green tea extracts completely inhibited the growth of S. aureus at 0.5% level and bactercidal at 0.5∼1.0% level of GTW and GTE at pH 5.0∼7.0. Green tea extracts were bactercidal to S. typhimurium at 1.5∼2.0% level of GTW and 1.0∼2.0% level of GTE at pH 7.0. Sal. typhimurium was more resistant than S. aureus. in same concentration of green tea extracts at same pH. The resistance of S. aureus and Sal. typhimurium was increased with decreasing pH of culture broth. The morphology of S. aureus cells treated with green tea extracts showed damage of cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Severely damaged cells of S. aureus lost electron dense material and cytoplasm. Green tea extracts stimulated autolysis and cell death of S. aureus. This result suggests that green tea extracts can be used as an effective natural antibacterial agent in food.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2013

지난 2000년부터 2009년까지 10년간 광주광역시 지역의 급성설사환자로부터 분리한 총 596개의 살모넬라균주에 대하여 총 16종의 항생제에 대한 감수성 검사를 실시한 결과, 내성빈도가 가장 높았던 약제는 ampicillin (43%), tetracycline (35.9%), nalidixic acid (31.5%), 그리고 chloramphenicol (26.2%) 순으로 나타났다. 혈청형 간에 항생제 내성률에 차이가 있었는데 S. Enteritidis와 S. Typhimurium이 각각 가장 높은 내성률을 보인 약제는 ampicillin (51.1%)과 tetracycline (77.9%)이었다. 총 89가지 내성패턴이 관찰되었으며, 26% (155/596)의 살모넬라 분리주는 검사한 16가지 약제에 모두 감수성을 보였다. 약 21% (127/596) 및 15% (87/596)의 분리주는 각각 한 개 및 두 개의 약제에 내성을 나타냈다. 그 외의 살모넬라 분리주(227/596, 38%)는 세가지 이상의 약제에 내성을 나타냈다(다제내성균). 다제내성균이 가장 높은 비율로 나타난 혈청형은 S. Paratyphi B (76.5%), S. Typhimurium (58.2%), 그리고 S. Enteritidis (40.2%)의 순이었다. 가장 흔한 다제내성패턴은 ampicillin-chloramphenicol-nalidixic acid-ticarcillin (36/227, 15.8%)이었으며 이러한 패턴을 보였던 다제내성균의 대부분(35/36, 97.2%)이 S. Enteritidis이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.582-588
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• 2001

단체급식용으로 납품되는 생계육에서 Salmonella를 분리하여 생육제어를 위한 생리특성을 분석하였다. 계육의 총균수는 표피의 내부 살부위에서도 표피 균수의 약 10%정도가 검출되었으며 75 개 계육시료로부터 선택배지를 사용하여 분리한 후 최종적으로 51 주의 Salmonella를 동정하였다. 이들 균주 중 약 70%의 Salmonella는 4종 이상의 항생제에 내성을 보이는 다제내성균으로 보여 국내에서의 기 분리균에 비해서 높은 비율의 항생제에 대한 내성을 나타내었다. 이들 Salmonella에 대한 여러 가지 위생처리제인 유기산의 중 lactic acid와 trisodium phosphate를 agar disk diffusion으로 표준균주인 S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. typhimurium ATCC 12023, S. heidelberg and S. enteritidis(isolated from egg)와 비교하였다. Lactic acid는 분리된 Salmonella나 표준균주 모두 비슷한 정도의 내성을 보여 주었고 오히려 분리 Salmonella는 더 내성이 적었다. 그러나 최근에 중요시되는 trisodium phosphate에는 표준균주에 비하여 분리된 wild type에서 내성이 강한 균주가 거의 절반에 가까운 정도로 많음을 알 수가 있었다. 또한 trisodium phosphate에 대한 내성은 처리시간과 처리 후 재생배지에 따라 다르게 보여서 이들은 환경에 따 라 내성이 다르게 나타난다는 것을 알았다. 계육에 오염된 Salmonella는 wild type이므로 실제 위생처리제로 사용할 때는 좀더 철저한 처리가 요망되었다. 그러므로 집단 급식소에 납품되는 계육은 브로일러 사육단계에서의 항생제 관리와 도계과정으로부터 세균오염을 줄여야 하는 노력과 함께 이러한 식중독균의 제어를 위한 위생처리제에 대한 지속적인 기술개발도 필요할 것이다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.861-864
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• 2008

Enterobacter sakazakii, Salmonella typhimurium. and Bacillus cereus were evaluated on inoculated infant formula by gamma irradiation treatment as a method to provide microbial safety. The infant formula inoculated with the major pathogenic bacteria was treated at irradiation dose of 0, 3, 5, and 10 kGy, respectively. After treatment, the samples were individually packaged and stored at $20^{\circ}C$. Microbiological data during storage represented that the populations of E. sakazakii, S. typhimurium, and B. cereus were reduced with the increase of irradiation dose by 4 to 5 log reductions. In particular, E. sakazakii, S. typhimurium. and B. cereus were eliminated at 10, 5, and 3 kGy, respectively. E. sakazakii was the most radiation-resistant, while B. cereus was the least. Our results represent that gamma irradiation below 10 kGy should eliminate the growth of the major pathogenic bacteria in infant formula during storage.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1982

A study was undertaken to examine the effect of curing agents on the stability, curing and segregation of R plasmid pSL100. And also the stability, transfer frequency, and recombination of its segregants obtained from curing agent treatment were studied. Ethidium bromide, acridine orange, and mitomycin-C were used as curing agent. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The curing agent ethidium bromide, acridine orange, and mitomycin-C were not effective for curing the multiple antibiotic resistant determinant of pSL100 in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. However, they induced plasmid segregation with high frequency in S.typhimuruim LT-2strains. TcApSmCm, TcSmCmKm, TcApCm, TcAp, TcKm, Tc segregants were obtained. 2. The resistant markers of the segregents were transferred to S.typhimurium LT-2 strains with high frequencies whereas they were transferred to E.coli K-12 only with low frequencies. 3. The transconjugants obtained from conjugation between two different S.typhimurium segregants were similar to the phenotype of the original R factor pSL100 and the resistant markers were transferred to the S.typhimurium LT-2 or E.coli strain with equal frequencies, indicating that they are recombinants. 4. The transconjugants obtained from conjugation between pSL100 segrgants and pKM101, or pBR322 possessed the resistant markers of the two parental plasmids and they were transferred to both S.typhimurium and E.coli K-12 strains with the same frequencies and maintained stably, suggesting that they are also recombinants. 5. The recombinant pSL100 could be also obtained in rec A-strains of E.coli, suggesting that the gene function of rec A is required for the recombination of pSL100 segregants in E.coli.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.380-385
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• 1998

5종류의 식중독세균 (Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus 196E, Salmonella typhimurium)에 대하여 솔잎 ethanol 추출물의 항균작용을 조사하였다. 솔잎 ehanol 추출물을 0-2% (w/v) 함유한 tryptic soy broth(TSB)에 각 식중독세균을 약 $10^4$-$10^{6}$ CFU/ml 정도 되게 접종하여 35$^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 배양하면서 증식억제 정도를 생균수 변화로서 비교하였다. Gram 양성균인 L. monocytogenes, S. aureus와 Gram 음성균인 A. hydrophila는 솔잎 ehanol 추출물에서는 0.5% 이상의 농도에서 증식이 억제되어 솔잎 ethanol 추출물의 항균활성이 우수하였다. 그러나 Gram 음성균인 E. coli O157:H7과 S. typhimurium은 2%의 솔잎 ethanol 추출물에서 약간 증식이 억제되었으나 대체로 두 균주 모두 솔잎 ethanol 추출물에 대하여 강한 내성을 나타내었다. 솔잎 ethanol 추출물에 의한 증식억제 효과는 S. aureus > A. hydrophila> L. monocytogenes > E. coli O157:H7의 순으로 나타났으며 S. typhimurium에서 가장 강한 내성을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.759-764
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 가금류에서 문제가 되고 있는 살모넬라 신속검출을 위해 광학현미경 기반 이미징 시스템 적용에 앞서서 냉장온도로부터 손상된 살모넬라를 증균시키기 위한 최적의 배지를 선정하는 것이다. 대표적인 식중독 유발균주인 S. Typhimurium과 S. Enteritidis를 닭에 도말 하였고 $4^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 동안 저장한 후 BPW, LB, BHI, UPB, NB, 그리고 TSB 배지와 BG, RV, SC, SB 그리고 TBS 선택배지에 각각 6시간 동안 배양하였다. 배양 후, 2시간마다 살모넬라 균수를 측정하였고 그 결과 BHI와 BG를 선택되었다. 최종적으로 최적의 배지 선택을 위해 다양한 농도의 살모넬라를 닭에 각각 도말 후 6시간 동안 배양하면서 균수를 변화를 측정하였다. 그 결과 BHI가 냉해로부터 손상된 살모넬라를 증균시키기 위한 가장 최적의 배지로 선정되었으며 본 연구의 결과는 광학현미경 기반 이미징 시스템을 활용한 신속검출법 적용을 위한 증균배지로 이용될 것이다.