• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.227-233
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• 2008

Porous concrete has large continuous voids of 20-30 % by volume, and this concrete is attractive as environmental material in Japan i.e. permeable road pavement, river bank protection with vegetation and green roof system which influence thermal environment. It is necessary to confirm the frost resistance when constructing porous concrete structure in cold region. However applicable test method and evaluation criterion of porous concrete has not defined yet. Therefore, the object of this study is to investigate the frost resistance of porous concrete and this investigation attempts to address this concern by comparing 4 kinds of specified freezing and thawing tests methods (JIS A1148 procedure A/B and RILEM CIF/CDF test) in consideration of actual environment. RILEM freeze-thaw tests are different from JIS A1148 freeze-thaw tests, which are widely adopted for evaluating the frost resistance of conventional concrete in Japan, in water absorption, cooling rate, length of freezing and thawing period, and number of freezing and thawing cycles. RILEM CIF test measures internal damage and is primarily applicable for pure frost attack. CDF test is appropriate for freeze-thaw and de-icing salt attack. JIS A1148 procedure A/B showed extremely low frost resistance of porous concrete if the large continuous voids were filled with water and the ice expansion in the large continuous voids set in during cooling. Frost resistance of porous concrete was improved by mixing coarse aggregate (G7) which particle size is smaller and fine aggregate in JIS freezing and thawing tests. RILEM CIF/CDF test showed that freeze-thaw and de-icing resistance of porous concrete was seems to be superior in that of conventional concrete.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2013

Objectives: This study compared the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium (NiTi) files obtained in a conventional test using a simulated canal with a newly developed method that allows the application of constant fatigue load conditions. Materials and Methods: ProFile and K3 files of #25/.06, #30/.06, and #40/.04 were selected. Two types of testing devices were built to test their fatigue performance. The first (conventional) device prescribed curvature inside a simulated canal (C-test), the second new device exerted a constant load (L-test) whilst allowing any resulting curvature. Ten new instruments of each size and brand were tested with each device. The files were rotated until fracture and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was determined. The NCF were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post-hoc test for each method. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was computed to examine any association between methods. Results: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (${\rho}$ = -0.905) showed a significant negative correlation between methods. Groups with significant difference after the L-test divided into 4 clusters, whilst the C-test gave just 2 clusters. From the L-test, considering the negative correlation of NCF, K3 gave a significantly lower fatigue resistance than ProFile as in the C-test. K3 #30/.06 showed a lower fatigue resistance than K3 #25/.06, which was not found by the C-test. Variation in fatigue test methodology resulted in different cyclic fatigue resistance rankings for various NiTi files. Conclusions: The new methodology standardized the load during fatigue testing, allowing determination fatigue behavior under constant load conditions.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.503-511
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• 2020

This study evaluated the side resistance of drilled shafts socketed into rock sections. Commonly used analysis methods for side resistance of piles in rocks are examined by utilizing a large number of load test data. The analysis of the unit side resistance of pile foundations embedded into rock sections is based on an empirical coefficient (α) and the uniaxial compressive strength (q_u) or its root (${\sqrt{q_u}}$). The Davisson criterion was used to interpret the resistance capacity from the load test results to acquire the computed relationships. The α-${\sqrt{q_u}}$ relationship is proven to be reliable in the prediction of friction resistance. This study further analyzed the relationship by including the effect of rock quality designation (RQD) on the results. Analysis results showed that the analysis model of α-${\sqrt{q_u}}$-RQD provided better prediction and reliability considering the RQD classification. Based on these analyses, the side resistance of drilled shafts socked into rocks is provided with statistical data to support the analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.284-292
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• 2010

This research was carried out to examine the properties of fancy cherry veneer overlaid on the PF resin bonded Meranti plywood floor, which 2.5% green tea leaf powder was applied in the UV varnishes and the adhesives for scavenging the volatile organic compounds. The results were as follows: 1. The various properties of the treated samples, such as density, moisture content, thickness swelling, bending strength(MOR), adhesion shear strength, surface abrasion, curling, cyclic delamination test with boiling water, boiling property, cold-resistance and heat resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance, and anti-contamination property showed no significant difference between the properties of the control samples. 2.5% green tea leaf powder treated floor gave a little better results than the control for surface scratch test. 2. In case of QUV and weathering test, no difference between the treated sample and control was found. 3. The floor was discolored by adding 10% green tea leaf powder to UV coating, and the floor was also discolored to light green during by the soaking test. The color of floor was not changed up to 5% addition level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.48-54
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• 2006

In this thesis, accelerated life test (ALT) method and procedure for rubber O-ring are applied to assure specified reliability of the products at guaranteeing the life of the products. Rubber O-ring is parts that keep intensity or make machine operation smoothly on attrition portion of machine and is used to prevent that oil is leaked. Usually. Rubber O-ring used NBR that is copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene. this are superior oil resistance, heat resistance, durability of abrasion, cold resistance, chemical resistance etc. The accelerated life test model for rubber O-ring are developed using the relationship between stresses and life characteristics of products. Using the accelerated life test method and the acceleration life test equipment which is developed, we performed life test, collected life data and analyzed the results of tests. The proposed accelerated life test method and procedure may be extended and applied to testing similar kinds of products to reduce test times and costs of the tests remarkably.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.352-361
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• 2004

One important element of the Leak-Before-Break analysis of nuclear piping is how to determine relevant fracture toughness (or the J-resistance curve) for nonlinear fracture mechanics analysis. The practice to use fracture toughness from a standard C(T) specimen is known to often give conservative estimates of toughness. To improve the accuracy, this paper proposes a new method to determine fracture toughness using a nonstandard testing specimen, curved wide-plate in tension. To show validity of the proposed curved wide-plate test, the J-resistance curve from the full-scale pipe test is compared with that from the curved wide-plate test and that from the C(T) specimen. It is shown that the J-resistance curve form the curved wide-plate tension test is similar to, but that from the C(T) specimen is lower than, the J-resistance curve from the full-scale pipe test. Further validation is performed by investigating crack-tip constraint conditions via detailed 3-D FE analyses, which shows that the crack-tip constraint condition in the curved wide-plate tension specimen is indeed similar to that in the full-scale pipe under bending.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2008

Background: Drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) in patients who have not received previous TB treatment (initial drug resistance) is a serious problem for the control of TB. However, prevalence of initial drug resistance among pulmonary TB patients has not been well characterized in Korea, especially in the private sector. We assessed the prevalence of initial drug resistance and evaluated the risk factors for drug resistance in pulmonary TB patients, at a regional tertiary hospital in Cheonan. Methods: We performed a drug susceptibility test for both first and second line anti-TB drugs in all culture-confirmed pulmonary TB patients who had not received a previous TB treatment at Dankook University Hospital from September 2005 to September 2007. In addition, we evaluated the initial drug resistance pattern and clinical characteristics of patients to evaluate the risk factors for initial drug resistance. We also assessed the influence of the drug susceptibility test results on the treatment regimen. Results: Of the total 156 cases where the drug susceptibility test was performed, resistance to at least one anti-TB drug was found in 21 cases (15.6%) and multidrug resistance, where TB was resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, was found in one case (0.6%). Multivariate logistic regression showed no clinical characteristics were independently associated with initial drug resistance. Of the total 156 patients who underwent the drug susceptibility test, the treatment regimen was changed for 15 patients (9.6%) according to the results of the drug susceptibility test. Conclusion: Initial drug resistance is common and the drug susceptibility test is informative for pulmonary TB patients who have not received previous TB treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to propose an experimental method to evaluate the resistance of abrasion about 24 MPa, 27 MPa, and 30 MPa compressive strength. These strength are used in the design and construction of concrete hydraulic structures in Korea. The mixing ratios of the ready mixed concrete strengths were investigated countrywide and set the representative mixture proportion ratios of the nine mixed types of OPC, FA and BFS. After making and curing the test specimens, the underwater abrasion test was performed. ASTM C 1138 International Standard was used to fabricate the test equipment, and the surface abrasion resistance of the specimen was tested using the test equipment. In the case of OPC, the 30% abrasion resistance improvement effect was observed at 72 hours as the water-binder ratio decreased. That was reason the coated cement bond strength of the specimen was strong. In the case of BFS and FA, it was improved by 9.9% and 3.8%, respectively, at 72 hours as the water-binder ratio decreased. It was due to the characteristics of the latent hydraulic and pozzolanic reactions. Generally, the relative abrasion resistance of concrete can be evaluated at 24 hours. However, in case of low strength (under 24 MPa), the surface mortar layer wears much faster at the first 12 hours, so it can be considered to evaluate the relative abrasion loss rate at this point.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.301-301
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• 1999

Austenitic stainless steels such as AISI 316L have been used in equipment in which fluid flows at high speeds which can induce cavitation erosion on metallic surfaces due to the collapse of cavities, where the collapse is caused by the sudden change of local pressure within the liquid. Usually AISI 316L is susceptible to cavitation erosion. This research focuses on developing a better material to replace the AISI 316L used in equipment with high speed fluid flow, such as impellers. The effects of Rare Earth Metal (REM) additions on the cavitation erosion-corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels were studied using metallographic examination, the potentiodynamic anodic polarization test, the tensile test, the X-ray diffraction test and the ultrasonic cavitation erosion test. The experimental alloys were found to have superior mechanical properties due to interstitial solid solution strengthening, by adding high nitrogen (0,4%), as well as by the refinement of phases and grains induced by fine REM oxides and oxy-sulfides. Corrosion resistance decreases in a gentle gradient as the REM content increases. However, REM containing alloys show superior corrosion resistance compared with that of other commercial alloys (SAF 2507, AISI 316L). Owing to their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, the alloys containing REM have high cavitation erosion-corrosion resistance.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.60-65
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• 2011

Molten magnesium alloys and magnesium products are easily oxidized and burned when they are exposed to high temperature for manufacturing process and by accident. In order to solve these problems, CaO addition in magnesium alloys has been developed. The ignition resistance of CaO added Mg-3Al, Mg-6Al, and Mg-9Al Eco-Mg alloys were investigated in comparison with those of magnesium alloys without CaO. The ignition resistance was examined by three methods : DTA, furnace chip ignition test, and torch ignition test. DTA was carried out for obtaining quantitative ignition temperature data with respect to specimen geometry and test environment; the furnace ignition test for burr and chip ignition temperature data; and the torch test for ignition temperature data for manufactured products. The ignition resistance of magnesium alloys under all conditions greatly increased by CaO addition.