• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2023

This study aims to inactivate Artemia sp. (Zooplankton) in ballast water through the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma process. The DBD plasma process has the advantage of enabling direct electric discharge in water and utilizing chemically active species generated by the plasma reaction. The experimental conditions for plasma reaction are as follows; high voltage of 9-22 kV, plasma reaction time of 15-600 s, and air flow rate of 0.5-5.5 L/min. The results showed that the optimal experimental conditions for Artemia sp inactivation were 16 kV, 60 s, 2.5 L/min, respectively. The concentrations of total residual oxidants and ozone generated by plasma reaction increased with an increase of in voltage and reaction time, and the concentration of generated air did not increase above a certain amount.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.41-46
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• 2017

In this study, rapid cooling method was proposed to improve the anti-scratch performance of anti-reflection film fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. Effects of cooling time on the mechanical properties and optical properties were evaluated. Pencil hardness measurements showed that anti-scratch performance enhanced as the cooling time increased while characterization on the optical property showed that reflectance on scratch increased as the cooling time increased. Therefore, it was concluded that the anti-scratch performance and optical properties are highly influenced by the cooling time. The observed results explained in terms of residual stress and free volume in polymeric materials.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.521-529
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• 1997

In the study, we Investigated the behavior and removal efficiency of organics, nitrogen. phosphorus with operating conditions in SBRs. Substrate used was synthetic wastewater in which the ratio of $COD_{cr}$. : N : P was 100 : 12 : 2. The cycling the in SBRs was adjusted at 6 hours and 8 hours, and then certainly Included anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Also, for each cycling time. we performed 2 series of experiment simultaneously which was set up 10 days and 20 days as SRT. The removal efficiency of $COD_{cr}$. was over 97% in all operating conditions. In the 6 hours cycling time, the removal efficiency of $PO_4^{3-}-P$ reached almost 100% in steady state. And then we could observe a typical phonemena of phosphorus release and uptake, and the removal efficiency of N was 67%, Residual N source was almost TKN and most of the rest remained as $NO_2-N$. Also the difference in both SRTs was not observed practically. In the 8 hours cycling time, dissolution of sludge appeared. and, $PO_4^{3-}-P was not nearly removed but nitrogen was removed up to 75%, And the residual nitrogen was accumulated as $NO_2^--N$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2002

The residual analysis and half-life time of imidazole fungicide prochloraz in soils (silty clay) were investigated by gas chromatography equipped electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The soil samples were extracted acetone/hexane(1:1) solvent and analyzed after separated by $LC-NH_2$ Sep-Pak solid column. Linear sensitivity of standard calibration curve was Y = 268.8600X + 0.0664, $R^2=0.9998$ between 0.05~1.00 ng. The detection limit was 0.02 mg/L and the average recoveries were 94.5~97.3% from the standard additional experiments with 0.10 and 0.40 mg/L. The half-life time was 24.4 days in room laboratory and 7.6 days in the field test soil.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.15-19
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• 2013

In order to reduce a grand compute time in prediction of welding distortion and residual stress by 3D thermal elastic plastic analysis, idealization of welding that is methods to heat input simultaneously in all weld metal on the same welding direction is carried out on two weld joints(butt welding and fillet welding). Then, the accuracy of acquired results is investigated through the comparison of the high accuracy prediction results. The thermal conduction analysis results by idealization of welding, the temperature is raised accompany with beginning of heat input because all of weld metal is heated input at the same time. On the other side, the temperature witch predicted with high accuracy is raised at the moment heating source passes the measuring points. So, there is difference of time between idealization of welding and considering of moving heat source faithfully. However, temperature history by idealization of welding is well simulated a high accuracy prediction results.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07e
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• pp.1632-1634
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• 1998

In this paper, the study of influence of DC voltage and AC voltage on residual voltage of XLPE Cable was presented. In the former case, when the DC voltage of -10.0[kV] was applied to XLPE Cable for 0, 600, 1200, 1800[sec], time constants were 2139, 1416, 939, 488[sec] and resistivities were 930, 615.65, 408.26, 212.17[${\Omega}{\cdot}m$] respectively. In the latter case, when the AC voltage of 4 and 6[kV] was applied to the same Cable for 600[sec] after applying DC voltage of -5.0[kV] for 600[sec], time constants were 215, 275[sec] and resistivities were 93.48, 119.57[${\Omega}{\cdot}m$] respectively. In this experiments, measurement voltage, charging time and measurement time were -8.0[kV], 30[sec], 600[sec] respectively.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.425-431
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate washing effects according to the rinsing conditions and the characteristics of soiled fabrics. In this study rinsing conditions including rinsing cycle, time, temperature, and bath ratio were examined. The foamability of rinsing bath was also examined. The quantity of LAS in the rinsing bath and extracts of test fabrics was analyzed after washing and rinsing, respectively. The results of these experiments were as follows: The washing effects of soiled fabrics were varied from the kinds of soils and rinsing conditions. The removal of soils from fabrics was increased by the first rinsing after washing effectively. The priorities of rinsing conditions were rinsing temperature> rinsing time > rinsing cycles> references. Foamability was result from residual LAS in rinsing bath and fabrics extracts after rinsing. The residual quantity of LAS was references > rinsing cycles> rinsing time> rinsing temperature, which shown rinsing temperature was the most efficient factor of the rinsing performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.177-180
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• 2005

We have investigated electro-optical characteristics in three kinds of TN cells on the polyimide surface. Transmittance of no thermal stressed TN cells were better than that of thermal stressed TN cells. Also. the threshold voltage and the response time of thermal stressed TN cells were same that of no thermal stressed TN cells. There were little change of value in these TN cells. On the other hand. transmittances of TN cells on the polyimide surface decreased by increasing thermal stress time. Moreover. the residual DC of the thermal stressed TN cells on the polyimide surface showed the characteristics of thermal stressed TN cells were weakened as increasing thermal stress temperature and time. Therefore. thermal stability of TN cells were decreased gradually by giving high thermal stress for a long time.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.559-566
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• 2001

The sway control problem of the pendulum motion of a container hanging on the trolly, which transports containers from a container ship to trucks, is considered in the paper. In the container crane control problem, suppressing the residual swing motion of the container at the end of acceleration, deceleration or the case of that the unexpected disturbance input exists is main issue. For this problem, in general, the trolley motion control strategy is introduced and applied. In this paper, we introduce and synthesize a new type of swing motion control system in which a small auxiliary mass is installed on the spreader. The actuator reacting against the auxiliary mall applies inertial control forces to the container to reduce the swing motion in the desired manner. In this paper, we apply the $H^{\infty}$ based gain-scheduling control technique to the anti-swing motion control system design problem of the controlled plant. In this control system, the controller dynamics are adjusted in real-time according to time-varying plant parameters. And the simulation result shows that the proposed control strategy is shown to be useful for the case of time-varying system and, robust to disturbances such as winds and initial sway motion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.158-169
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• 2019

A probabilistic model that can predict the residual useful lifetime of structure is formulated by using the gamma process which is one of the stochastic processes. The formulated stochastic model can take into account both the sampling uncertainty associated with damages measured up to now and the temporal uncertainty of cumulative damage over time. A method estimating several parameters of stochastic model is additionally proposed by introducing of the least square method and the method of moments, so that the age of a structure, the operational environment, and the evolution of damage with time can be considered. Some features related to the residual useful lifetime are firstly investigated into through the sensitivity analysis on parameters under a simple setting of single damage data measured at the current age. The stochastic model are then applied to the rubble-mound breakwater straightforwardly. The parameters of gamma process can be estimated for several experimental data on the damage processes of armor rocks of rubble-mound breakwater. The expected damage levels over time, which are numerically simulated with the estimated parameters, are in very good agreement with those from the flume testing. It has been found from various numerical calculations that the probabilities exceeding the failure limit are converged to the constraint that the model must be satisfied after lasting for a long time from now. Meanwhile, the expected residual useful lifetimes evaluated from the failure probabilities are seen to be different with respect to the behavior of damage history. As the coefficient of variation of cumulative damage is becoming large, in particular, it has been shown that the expected residual useful lifetimes have significant discrepancies from those of the deterministic regression model. This is mainly due to the effect of sampling and temporal uncertainties associated with damage, by which the first time to failure tends to be widely distributed. Therefore, the stochastic model presented in this paper for predicting the residual useful lifetime of structure can properly implement the probabilistic assessment on current damage state of structure as well as take account of the temporal uncertainty of future cumulative damage.