• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.397-408
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• 2022

Rinse & Chill^® technology (RCT) entails rinsing the vasculature using a chilled isotonic solution (3℃; 98.5% water and a blend of dextrose, maltose, and sodium phosphates) to rinse out the residual blood from the carcass. Infusion of pre-chilled solutions into intact animal carcasses immediately upon exsanguination is advantageous in terms of lowering the internal muscle temperature and accelerating chilling. This technology is primarily used for purposes of effective blood removal, favorable pH decline, and efficient carcass chilling, all of which improve meat quality and safety. Although RCT solution contains some substrates, the pre-rigor muscle is still physiologically active at the time of early postmortem and vascular rinsing. Consequently, these substrates are fully metabolized by the muscle, leaving no detectable residues in meat. The technology has been commercially approved and in continuous use since 2000 in the United States and since 1997 in Australia. As of January 2022, 23 plants have implemented RCT among the 5 countries (Australia, US, Canada, New Zealand, and Japan) that have evaluated and approved RCT. All plants are operating under sound Sanitation Standard Operation Procedures (SSOP) and a sound Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) program. No food safety issues have been reported associated with the use of this technology. RCT has been adapted by the meat industry to improve product safety and meat quality while improving economic performance. Therefore, this review summarizes highlights of how RCT technically works on a variety of animal types (beef, bison, pork, and lamb).

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Fine blanking is a press processing technology that can process most of the product thickness into a smooth surface with a single stroke. In this fine blanking process, shear is an essential step. The punches and dies used in the shear are subjected to impacts of tens to hundreds of gravitational accelerations, depending on the type and thickness of the material. Therefore, among the components of the fine blanking mold (dies), punches and dies are the parts with the shortest lifespan. In the actual production site, various types of tool damage occur such as wear of the tool as well as sudden punch breakage. In this study, machine learning algorithms were used to predict these problems in advance. The dataset used in this paper consisted of the signal of the vibration sensor installed in the tool and the measured burr size (tool wear). Various features were extracted so that artificial intelligence can learn effectively from signals. It was trained with 5 features with excellent distinguishing performance, and the SVM algorithm performance was the best among 33 learning models. As a result of the research, the vibration signal at the time of imminent tool replacement was matched with an accuracy of more than 85%. It is expected that the results of this research will solve problems such as tool damage due to accidental punch breakage at the production site, and increase in maintenance costs due to prediction errors in punch exchange cycles due to wear.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.167-184
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• 2023

In this study, a new recentering friction device (RFD) to retrofit steel moment frame structures is introduced. The device provides both self-centering and energy dissipation capabilities for the retrofitted structure. A hybrid performance-based seismic design procedure considering multiple limit states is proposed for designing the device and the retrofitted structure. The design of the RFD is achieved by modifying the conventional performance-based seismic design (PBSD) procedure using computational intelligence techniques, namely, genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural network (ANN). Numerous nonlinear time-history response analyses (NLTHAs) are conducted on multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) and single-degree of freedom (SDOF) systems to train and validate the ANN to achieve high prediction accuracy. The proposed procedure and the new RFD are assessed using 2D and 3D models globally and locally. Globally, the effectiveness of the proposed device is assessed by conducting NLTHAs to check the maximum inter-story drift ratio (MIDR). Seismic fragilities of the retrofitted models are investigated by constructing fragility curves of the models for different limit states. After that, seismic life cycle cost (LCC) is estimated for the models with and without the retrofit. Locally, the stress concentration at the contact point of the RFD and the existing steel frame is checked being within acceptable limits using finite element modeling (FEM). The RFD showed its effectiveness in minimizing MIDR and eliminating residual drift for low to mid-rise steel frames models tested. GA and ANN proved to be crucial integrated parts in the modified PBSD to achieve the required seismic performance at different limit states with reasonable computational cost. ANN showed a very high prediction accuracy for transformation between MDOF and SDOF systems. Also, the proposed retrofit showed its efficiency in enhancing the seismic fragility and reducing the LCC significantly compared to the un-retrofitted models.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.601-608
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• 2023

Mobile robots are widely used in industries because mobile robots perform tasks in various environments. In order to carry out tasks, determining the precise location of the robot in real-time is important due to the need for path generation and obstacle detection. In particular, when mobile robots autonomously navigate in indoor environments and carry out assigned tasks within pre-determined areas, highly precise positioning performance is required. However, mobile robots frequently experience data missing in wireless communication environments. The robots need to rely on predictive techniques to autonomously determine the mobile robot positions and continue performing mobile robot tasks. In this paper, we propose an extended Kalman filter-based algorithm to enhance the accuracy of mobile robot localization and address the issue of data missing. Trilateration algorithm relies on measurements taken at that moment, resulting in inaccurate localization performance. In contrast, the proposed algorithm uses residual values of predicted measurements in data missing environments, making precise mobile robot position estimation. We conducted simulations in terms of data missing to verify the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.55-64
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• 2006

Shallow failures of slopes in weathered soils are caused by infiltration caused by prolonged rainfall. These failures are mainly triggered by the deepening of the wetting band accompanied by a decrease in suction induced by the water infiltration. In this paper, hysteresis on soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of granite and gneiss weathered soils is investigated using transient flow analysis respectively. Each case was subjected to artificial rainfall intensities and time duration depending on the laboratory-based drying and wetting processes. The results show that the unsaturated seepage on weathered slopes are very much affected by the initial suction of soils and unsaturated permeability of the soils. In addition, a granite weathered soil has a lower air-entry value, residual matric suction, and wetting front suction and less hysteresis loop than a gneiss weathered soil.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2023

Ships operated at sea for a long time are subjected to various kinds of loads, which may cause various types of damage. Such damages will eventually reduce the strength of hull structures. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate and evaluate the residual strength and remaining fatigue life of aging ships in order to secure structural safety, establish a reasonable maintenance plan, and make a judgment of life extension. For this purpose, the corrosion damage and local denting damage should be measured, fatigue damage estimation should be performed, and material properties of aged steel should be identified. For this study, in order to investigate the mechanical properties of aged steel, steel plates were obtained from a naval ship that reached the end of her life span. The specimens were manufactured from the obtained steel plates, and static and dynamic tensile tests, fatigue tests, and metallographic tests were performed. The mechanical properties obtained from the aged steel plates were compared with those of new steel plates to quantify the aging effect on the mechanical properties of marine steel materials.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

This paper describes the performance of ground improvement project using prefabricated vertical drains of condition, in which approximately 10m dredged fill overlies original soft foundation layer in the coastal area composed of soft marine clay with high water content and high compressibility. From field monitoring results, excessive ground settlement compared with predicted settlement in design stage developed during the following one year. In order to predict the final consolidation behavior, recalculation of consolidation settlements and back analysis using observed settlements were conducted. Field monitoring results of surface settlements were evaluated, and then corrected because large shear deformation occurred by construction events in the early stages of consolidation. To predict the consolidation behavior, material functions and in-situ conditions from laboratory consolidation test were re-analyzed. Using these results, height of additional embankment is estimated to satisfy residual settlement limit and maintain an adequate ground elevation. The recalculated time-settlement curve has been compared with field monitoring results after additional surcharge was applied. It might be used for verification of recalculated results.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1431-1445
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• 2022

We construct a deep neural network model named ECGResNet. This model can diagnosis diseases based on 12-lead ECG data of eight common cardiovascular diseases with a high accuracy. We chose the 16 Blocks of ResNet50 as the main body of the model and added the Squeeze-and-Excitation module to learn the data information between channels adaptively. We modified the first convolutional layer of ResNet50 which has a convolutional kernel of 7 to a superposition of convolutional kernels of 8 and 16 as our feature extraction method. This way allows the model to focus on the overall trend of the ECG signal while also noticing subtle changes. The model further improves the accuracy of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease classification by using a fully connected layer that integrates factors such as gender and age. The ECGResNet model adds Dropout layers to both the residual block and SE module of ResNet50, further avoiding the phenomenon of model overfitting. The model was eventually trained using a five-fold cross-validation and Flooding training method, with an accuracy of 95% on the test set and an F1-score of 0.841.We design a new deep neural network, innovate a multi-scale feature extraction method, and apply the SE module to extract features of ECG data.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 1977

Into the precontaminated farm milk hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$) was added at the concentrations ranging from 0.01％ to 0.05％ and kept at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours with periodical determinations for viable counts, residual $H_2O$$_2$, and lactic acid. Under the tested conditions the initial level of contaminated bacteria could be arrested from growing at least for 8, 12, and 16 hours by treating the milk with 0.01, 0.02. and 0.03 per cent of $H_2O$$_2$, respectively. Furthermore, when the $H_2O$$_2$concentrations ware limited within the level of 0.03 Per cent the added $H_2O$$_2$was completely decomposed within 12 hours without the aid of external catalase and the decomposition time decreased in parallel with the $H_2O$$_2$ concentrations. A safer use of $H_2O$$_2$for preserving farm milk temporarily by limiting its concentration has been discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.2628-2641
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• 2023

Nuclear safety is the lifeline for the development and application of nuclear energy. In severe accidents of pressurized water reactor (PWR), aerosols, as the main carrier of fission products, are suspended in the containment vessel, posing a potential threat of radioactive contamination caused by leakage into the environment. The gas-phase aerosols suspended in the containment will settle onto the wall or sump water through the natural deposition mechanism, thereby reducing atmospheric radioactivity. Aiming at the low accuracy of the aerosol model in the ISAA code, this paper improves the natural deposition model of aerosol in the containment. The aerosol dynamic shape factor was introduced to correct the natural deposition rate of non-spherical aerosols. Moreover, the gravity, Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis and diffusiophoresis deposition models were improved. In addition, ABCOVE, AHMED and LACE experiments were selected to validate and evaluate the improved ISAA code. According to the calculation results, the improved model can more accurately simulate the peak aerosol mass and respond to the influence of the containment pressure and temperature on the natural deposition rate of aerosols. At the same time, it can significantly improve the calculation accuracy of the residual mass of aerosols in the containment. The performance of improved ISAA can meet the requirements for analyzing the natural deposition behavior of aerosol in containment of advanced PWRs in severe accident. In the future, further optimization will be made to address the problems found in the current aerosol model.