• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

Mulching technique is used to control the temperature and moisture content of soil by covering the ground surface. Most kinds of mulching film are made of polyethylene which is non-biodegradable synthetic polymer. Utilizing these films has been one of the main sources in soil pollution. Thus residual films under the ground should be removed after a certain period of time. Therefore, an alternative mulching material made of biodegradable functional paper is considered instead of non-biodegradable films. The mulching sheet produced from paper basis has a functionality to be naturally degraded and then recycled to the bio-materials on soil. In this study, the paper based-mulching sheet coated with biodegradable polymer was specially produced using a laboratory bar coater. Coating colors prepared by dissolving PBS/PLA in chloroform were applied to kraft paper. The mechanical strength and aging properties of this mulching sheet were investigated. The burst strength of polymer-coated paper was decreased with the increase of the PBS ratio in PBS/PLA blends, and, in particular, 30/70 blending condition led to good stability in heat-aging atmosphere for 60 days.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.413-417
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• 1997

Distributed piezoelectric sensor and actuator have been designed for efficient vibration control of a cantilevered beam. Both PZT and PVDF are used in this study, the former as an actuator and the latter as a sensor for our integrated structure. For the PZT actuator, the position and size have been optimized. Optimal electrode shape of the PVDF sensor has been determined. For multi-mode vibration control, we have used two PZT actuators and a PVDF sensor. Electrode shading of PVDF is more powerful for modal force adjustment than the sizing and positioning of PZT. Finite element method is used to model the structure that includes the PZT actuator and the PVDF sensor. By deciding on or off of each PZT segment, the length and the location of the PZT actuator are optimize. Considering both of the host structure and the optimized actuators, it is designed that the active electrode width of PVDF sensor along the span of the beam. Actuator design is based on the criterion of minimizing the system energy in the control modes under a given initial condition. Sensor is designed to minimize the observation spill-over. Modal control forces for the residual(uncontrolled) modes have been minimized during the sensor design. Genetic algorithm, which is suitable for this kind of discrete problems, has been utilized for optimization. Discrete LQG control law has been applied to the integrated structure for real time vibration control. Performance of the sensor, the actuator, and the integrated smart structure has been demonstrated by experiments.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.93-102
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• 2003

This research was made to determine the optimum mixing ratio cattle manure and food waste investigating the effect that gets the growth and reproductive efficiency of earthworm and productivity of earthworm casts at processing process when handled cattle manure and food waste by vermicomposting, in order to establish the treatment system of organic wastes by vermicomposting. Survival ratio of earthworm was highest in the mixing ratio 80~100% : 20~0% of cattle manure and food Waste, and the increasing ratio was highest in cattle manure 100%, and the number of young worms, the weight of young worms and the productivity of earthworm casts in plots more than the mixing ratio 60% of cattle manure were significantly higher than in the other treatment plots(p<0.05). Total nitrogen and carbon contents in earthworm cast were decreased when rearing time of earthworm was increased. Carbon and nitrogen rate(C/N) of earthworm cast in plots more than the mixing ratio 80% of cattle manure was significantly higher than in the other treatment plots(p<0.05). pH in earthworm cast was higher than that in residual matter. The contents of electrolytic conductivity in the higher mixing ratio of food waste were significantly higher than those in the other treatment plots(p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.112-112
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• 2011

The interaction of water molecules with solid surfaces has been a subject of considerable interests, due to its importance in the fields from atmospheric and environmental phenomena to biology, catalysis and electrochemistry [1,2]. Among various kinds of surfaces, a lot of theoretical and experimental studies have been performed regarding water on MgO(100), however, to date, there has been no direct observation of water molecules on MgO by scanning tunneling microscope (STM) as compared with those on metal surface. Here, we will present the direct observation and manipulation of single water molecules on ultrathin MgO(100) films using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (LT-STM) [3]. Our results rationalize the previous theoretical predictions of isolated water molecules on MgO including the optimum adsorption sites and non-dissociative adsorption of water. Moreover, we were able to dissociate a water molecule by exciting the vibrational mode of water, which is unattainable on metal surfaces. The enhanced residual time of tunneling electrons in molecules on the insulating film is responsible for this unique pathway toward dissociation of water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.696-700
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• 2003

$H_2SO_4$ and citric acid had higher extraction efficiency of $^{137}Cs$ from soil than the other chemicals. Thus, $H_2SO_4$and citric acid were used as additives on remediation experiment by electrokinetic method to increase removal efficiency of $^{137}Cs$ from the radioactive soil being stored during a long time. An average velocity of effluent discharged from experimental column $2.0{\times}10^{-2}$/cm/min and a volume of the discharged soil wastewater for 10 days is 3.6 Pore Volume. The 54% of a total of $^{137}Cs$ in the column was decontaminated for 10 days. Furthermore, the predicted values of residual concentration by the developed model were quite similar to those obtained from experiments.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1986

Tumors of the nasal cavity are rare and are usually classified and reported jointly with tumors of the paranasal sinuses. Neverthless their frequency, diagnostic problems, management, and prognosis differ considerably from the latter and justify their study as a separate entity in order to define clearly and evaluate their characteristics. Males outnumbered females in a ratio of 2 to 1. Regional lymph node metases is infrequent; only 10% of the patients presented nodes on admission. Radiation therapy is more favorable method of treatment for nasal cavity tumor secondary to good cosmetic results and high local control rate. The tumor doses are in the range of 5,000 to 6,000 rads in 5 to 6 weeks and an additional dose of 500 to 1,000 rads were given through reduced field to residual disease area. The results of two cases of nasal cavity tumor treated by radiation alone were reasonably good, and review of literature indicated that the radiation alone can give high local control rate and good cosmetics. Therefore, at present time, we recomend radiation therapy for the nasal cavity tumor.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1825-1839
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• 2015

The final draft of the latest video coding standard, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), was approved in January 2013. The coding efficiency of HEVC surpasses its predecessor, H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), by using only half of the bitrate to encode the same sequence with similar quality. However, the complexity of HEVC is sharply increased compared to H.264/AVC. In this paper, a method is proposed to decrease the complexity of intra coding in HEVC. Early pruning and an early splitting strategy are applied to the quadtree structure of coding tree units (CTU) and residual quadtree (RQT). According to our experiment, when our method is applied to sequences from Class A to Class E, the coding time is decreased by 44% at the cost of a 1.08% Bjontegaard delta rate (BD-rate) increase on average.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1914-1925
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• 2014

Inter-symbol interference (ISI) problem is inevitable when the guard interval (GI) is shorter than the delay spread (DS) for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Iterative techniques have been proposed to overcome such a problem. However, most of existing algorithms are not efficient for an OFDM system with a small GI working under the channel with a large DS. Especially in the case of the DS spans a longer time than the half of the OFDM symbol duration. On the other hand, conventional algorithms, which can reduce the effects of the severe ISI, often employ several impractical assumptions to support the conclusions. In this paper, we present a robust decision feedback equalizer (DFE) for the OFDM system to overcome the severe ISI problem. The proposed DFE removes the ISI in a same manner as the residual inter-symbol interference cancellation (RISIC) algorithm. However, the inter-carrier interference (ICI) is reduced via cyclicity removal instead of the cyclicity restoration used in the conventional algorithms. The link-level simulation (LLS) results indicate that our proposed DFE scheme can dramatically improve the BER performance when the DS spans longer than the half of ODFM symbol duration.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.29-36
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• 2019

When dealing with outdoor images in a variety of computer vision applications, the presence of shadow degrades performance. In order to understand the information occluded by shadow, it is essential to remove the shadow. To solve this problem, in many studies, involves a two-step process of shadow detection and removal. However, the field of shadow detection based on CNN has greatly improved, but the field of shadow removal has been difficult because it needs to be restored after removing the shadow. In this paper, it is assumed that shadow is detected, and shadow-less image is generated by using original image and shadow mask. In previous methods, based on CGAN, the image created by the generator was learned from only the aspect of the image patch in the adversarial learning through the discriminator. In the contrast, we propose a novel method using a discriminator that judges both the whole image and the local patch at the same time. We not only use the residual generator to produce high quality images, but we also use joint loss, which combines reconstruction loss and GAN loss for training stability. To evaluate our approach, we used an ISTD datasets consisting of a single image. The images generated by our approach show sharp and restored detailed information compared to previous methods.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2020

This paper presents an approach for dynamic hand gesture recognition by using algorithm based on 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D_CNN), which is later extended to 3D Residual Networks (3D_ResNet), and the neural network based key frame selection. Typically, 3D deep neural network is used to classify gestures from the input of image frames, randomly sampled from a video data. In this work, to improve the classification performance, we employ key frames which represent the overall video, as the input of the classification network. The key frames are extracted by SegNet instead of conventional clustering algorithms for video summarization (VSUMM) which require heavy computation. By using a deep neural network, key frame selection can be performed in a real-time system. Experiments are conducted using 3D convolutional kernels such as 3D_CNN, Inflated 3D_CNN (I3D) and 3D_ResNet for gesture classification. Our algorithm achieved up to 97.8% of classification accuracy on the Cambridge gesture dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is efficient and outperforms existing methods.