• Title/Summary/Keyword: residual shear strength

Search Result 160, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Fatigue Design of Spot Welded Lap Joint Considered Residual Stress (잔류응력을 고려한 점용접이음재의 피로설계)

  • Son, Il-Seon;Bae, Dong-Ho;Hong, Jeong-Gyun;Lee, Beom-No
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
    • /
    • v.24 no.3 s.174
    • /
    • pp.743-751
    • /
    • 2000
  • Because welding residual stress is formidable result in electric resistance spot welding process, and it detrimentally affect to fatigue crack initiation and growth at nugget edge of spot welded la p joints, it should be considered in fatigue analysis. Thus, accurate prediction of residual stress is very important. In this study, nonlinear finite element analysis on welding residual stress generated in process of the spot welding was conducted, and their results were compared with experimental data measured by X-ray diffraction method. By using their results, the maximum principal stress considered welding residual stress at nugget edge of the spot welded lap joint subjected to tension-shear load was calculated by superposition method. And, the $\Delta$P- $N_f$ relations obtained through fatigue, tests on the IB-type spot welded lap joints was systematically rearranged with the maximum principal stress considered welding residual stress. From the results, it was found th2at fatigue strength of the IB-type spot welded lap joints could be systematically and more reasonably rearranged by the maximum principal stress($\sigma$1max-res considered welding residual stress at nugget edge of the spot welding point.

Investigation of S-wave Velocity Based on SPS Field Tests (부유형 PS(SPS) 속도검층을 통한 전단파 특성 고찰)

  • Jeong, Nam-Hoon;Lee, Chong-Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
    • /
    • v.24 no.10
    • /
    • pp.161-174
    • /
    • 2008
  • To investigate the characteristics of the shear wave velocity of cohesive soils and residual soils in Korea, Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Suspension PS Logging tests (SPS) and other soil tests were performed to analyze the shear wave velocity at each layer For these purposes, 2 study sites are selected: one is cohesive soils and the other is residual soils. As a results, new empirical formulas are proposed from the relationship between strength of the ground (N value) and shear wave velocity from the test data at each layer. In the case of cohesive soils, the proposed relationships are nearly similar to empirical formulas, however, in the case of residual soils there was a little difference between the empirical formulas and measured velocities in this study. Case examples for shear wave velocites are presented with depth, N-values and compared with Ohta et al. (1978) empirical formula.

Geotechnical Characteristics Analysis of Oil Contaminated Clayey Soil (유류로 오염된 점성토의 지반공학적 특성 분석)

  • Kwon, Moo-Nam;Kim, Hyun-Ki
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
    • /
    • v.47 no.1
    • /
    • pp.43-50
    • /
    • 2005
  • This test was performed to evaluate the change of the unconfined compressive strength, strength parame¡?ters which resulted from direct shear test and oil residue percents analyzed by GC-MS as time lapse, oil addition. Unconfined compression strength of $10\%$ kerosene added by weight of dry soil recovered as time passed. In the case of $5\%$ kerosene added, the strength recovered as much as clean clayey soil after about 50 days passing. For the case of diesel added, the recovery of unconfined compressive strength was not shown even though about 60 days passed. The strength parameters (c, $\psi$) of kerosene added not changed but for diesel added, the cohesion was very decreased as diesel addition increased. Residual percent of kerosene in the soil was less than that of diesel as time passed.

Strength Parameter (c,ø) and Dilatancy Correction of Undisturbed Weathered Granite Soil (불교란 화강토의 강도정수 (c,ø) 및 Dilatancy 보정)

  • 정진섭;양재혁
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
    • /
    • v.42 no.6
    • /
    • pp.106-114
    • /
    • 2000
  • In order to evaluate the shear characteristics of undisturbed weathered granite soil which is a typical residual soil in Korea, the mechanical properties are first investigated and discussed by carrying out a series of direct shear test and then dilatancy correction is performed by using Taylor’s correction equation. In this study, specimens are sampled at Pungam(-3, -8, -13m below ground surface), Kwangju and Iksan(-5m below ground surface), Jeonbuk. The test results are summarized as follows: 1) Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is not linear under the low confining pressure. 2) The value of cohesion is smaller than usually determined value in low pressure region. 3) The value of strength parameter c and ø which are corrected by Taylor’s correction equation is a little bit small.

  • PDF

Seismic performance of high-strength steel framed-tube structures with bolted web-connected replaceable shear links

  • Lian, Ming;Cheng, Qianqian;Guan, Binlin;Zhang, Hao;Su, Mingzhou
    • Steel and Composite Structures
    • /
    • v.37 no.3
    • /
    • pp.323-339
    • /
    • 2020
  • In steel framed-tube structures (SFTSs), the plastic hinges at beam-ends cannot be adequately improved because of the large cross sections of spandrel beams, which results in the lower ductility and energy dissipation capacities of traditional SFTSs. To address this drawback, high-strength steel fabricated SFTSs with bolted web-connected replaceable shear links (HSFTS-SLs) have been proposed. In this system, shear links use conventional steel and are placed in the middle of the deep spandrel beams to act as energy dissipative components. In this study, 2/3-scaled HSFTS-SL specimens were fabricated, and cyclic loading tests were carried out to study the seismic performance of both specimens. The finite element models (FEMs) of the two specimens were established and the numerical results were compared with the test results. The results showed that the specimens had good ductility and energy dissipation capacities due to the reliable deformation capacities. The specimens presented the expected failure modes. Using a shorter shear link can provide a higher load-carrying capacity and initial elastic lateral stiffness but induces lower ductility and energy dissipation capacity in HSFTS-SLs. The performance of the specimens was comparable to that of the original sub-structure specimens after replacing shear links. Additionally, the expected post-earthquake recoverability and resilience of the structures could be achieved by replacing shear links. The acceptable residual interstory drift that allows for easy replacement of the bolted web-connected shear link was 0.23%. The bolted web-connected shear links had reliable hysteretic responses and deformation capacities. The connection rotation had a notable contribution to total link rotation. The results of the numerical analysis run for the proposed FEMs were consistent with the test results. It showed that the proposed FEMs could be used to investigate the seismic performance of the HSFTS-SL.

Residual bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite beams under fatigue loading

  • Wang, Bing;Liu, Xiaoling;Zhuge, Ping
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
    • /
    • v.77 no.4
    • /
    • pp.559-569
    • /
    • 2021
  • This study was conducted to investigate the residual bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite beams under high-cycle fatigue loading through experiments and theoretical analysis. Six test beams with stud connectors were designed and fabricated for static, complete fatigue, and partial fatigue tests. The failure modes and the degradation of several mechanical performance indicators of the composite beams under high-cycle fatigue loading were analyzed. A calculation method for the residual bearing capacity of the composite beams after certain quantities of cyclic loading cycles was established by introducing nonlinear fatigue damage models for concrete, steel beam, and shear connectors beginning with the material residual strength attenuation process. The results show that the failure mode of the composite beams under the given fatigue load appears to be primarily affected by the number of cycles. As the number of fatigue loadings increases, the failure mode transforms from mid-span concrete crushing to stud cutting. The bearing capacity of a 3.0-m span composite beam after two million fatigue cycles is degraded by 30.7% due to premature failure of the stud. The calculated values of the residual bearing capacity method of the composite beam established in this paper agree well with the test values, which indicates that the model is feasibly applicable.

Development of Strain-softening Model for Geosynthetic-involved Interface Using Disturbed State Concept (DSC를 이용한 토목섬유가 포함된 경계면의 변형율 연화 모델 개발)

  • Woo, Seo-Min;Park, Jun-Boum;Park, Inn-Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
    • /
    • v.19 no.5
    • /
    • pp.223-232
    • /
    • 2003
  • In this study, a constitutive model called the disturbed state concept (DSC) was modified to be applied to the interface shear stress-displacement relationship between geosynthetics. The DSC model is comprised of two reference states, namely the relative intact (RI) and the fully adjusted (FA) state, and one function, namely the disturbance function. This model is a unified approach and can allow for various models as an RI state such as elastic-perfectly plastic model, hierarchical model, and so on. In addition, by using this model, the elastic and plastic displacements can be considered simultaneously. Comparisons between the measured data and predicted results through the parameters determined from four sets of large direct shear tests showed good agreements with each other, especially for the smooth geomembrane-involved interface. Although there are slight differences at peak shear strength for textured geomembrane-involved interface, this model can still be useful to predict the position of displacement at peak strength and the large displacement (or residual) shear strength.

Research of Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten/Copper and Their Properties under High Heat Flux

  • Li, Jun;Yang, Jianfeng
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
    • /
    • 2011.05a
    • /
    • pp.14-14
    • /
    • 2011
  • W (tungsten)-alloys will be the most promising plasma facing armor materials in highly loaded plasma interactive components of the next step fusion reactors due to its high melting point, high sputtering resistance and low deuterium/tritium retention. The bonding technology of tungsten to Cu alloy was one of the key issues. In this paper, W/CuCrZr diffusion bonding has been performed successfully by inserting pure metal interlay. The joint microstructure, interfacial elements migration and phase composition were analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD, and the joint shear strength and micro-hardness were investigated. The mock-ups were fabricated successfully with diffusion bonding and the cladding technology respectively, and the high heat flux test and thermal fatigue test were carried out under actively cooling condition. When Ni foil was used for the bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, two reaction layers, Ni4W and Ni(W) layer, appeared between the tungsten and Ni interlayer with the optimized condition. Even though Ni4W is hard and brittle, and the strength of the joint was oppositely increased (217 MPa) due primarily to extremely small thicknesses (2~3 ${\mu}m$). When Ti foil was selected as the interlayer, the Ti foil diffused quickly with Cu and was transformed into liquid phase at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Almost all of the liquid was extruded out of the interface zone under bonding pressure, and an extremely thin residual layer (1~2 ${\mu}m$) of the liquid phase was retained between the tungsten and CuCrZr, which shear strength exceeded 160 MPa. When Ni/Ti/Ni multiple interlayers were used for bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, a large number of intermetallic compound ($Ni_4W/NiTi_2/NiTi/Ni_3T$) were formed for the interdiffusion among W, Ni and Ti. Therefore, the shear strength of the joint was low and just about 85 MPa. The residual stresses in the clad samples with flat, arc, rectangle and trapezoid interface were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The simulation results show that the flat clad sample was subjected maximum residual stress at the edge of the interface, which could be cracked at the edge and propagated along the interface. As for the rectangle and trapezoid interface, the residual stresses of the interface were lower than that of the flat interface, and the interface of the arc clad sample have lowest residual stress and all of the residual stress with arc interface were divided into different grooved zones, so the probabilities of cracking and propagation were lower than other interfaces. The residual stresses of the mock-ups under high heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The tungsten of the flat interfaces was subjected to tensile stresses (positive $S_x$), and the CuCrZr was subjected to compressive stresses (negative $S_x$). If the interface have a little microcrack, the tungsten of joint was more liable to propagate than the CuCrZr due to the brittle of the tungsten. However, when the flat interface was substituted by arc interfaces, the periodical residual stresses in the joining region were either released or formed a stress field prohibiting the growth or nucleation of the interfacial cracks. Thermal fatigue tests were performed on the mock-ups of flat and arc interface under the heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ with the cooling water velocity of 10 m/s. After thermal cycle experiments, a large number of microcracks appeared at the tungsten substrate due to large radial tensile stress on the flat mock-up. The defects would largely affect the heat transfer capability and the structure reliability of the mock-up. As for the arc mock-up, even though some microcracks were found at the interface of the regions, all microcracks with arc interface were divided into different arc-grooved zones, so the propagation of microcracks is difficult.

  • PDF

Shear bond strength of brackets bonded with different self etching primers (Self etching primer를 사용하여 부착된 교정용 브라켓의 전단결합강도의 비교)

  • Yang, Jin-Young;Kim, Min-Ji;Lim, Yong-Kyu;Lee, Dong-Yul
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
    • /
    • v.37 no.4
    • /
    • pp.283-292
    • /
    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of 4 self etching primers by measuring the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and examining the failure pattern of bracket-tooth interfaces. Methods: Seventy-five, defect-free, premolars were randomly assigned into five groups: control group (37% phosphoric acid + Transbond XT primer) and self etching primer treated groups (Transbond Plus self etching primer, Unifil bond, Clearfil SE bond, and Adhese). The shear bond strength was measured with a universal testing machine and the amount of residual adhesive remaining on the brackets after debonding was assessed by the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Results: The results showed that the groups conditioned with self etching primer had significantly lower shear bond strength than the control group (p < 0.05), although clinically acceptable. However, there were no significant differences in shear bond strength among the self etching primer groups (p > 0.05). Evaluation of the ARI scores indicated there was less resin remnant on the teeth in the groups conditioned with self etching primers, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that all four of the self etching primers have shown acceptable bond strength for clinical use.

Considerations for Seismic Design of Low-Rise Residential Bearing Wall Buildings with Pilotis (필로티형 저층 내력벽주택의 내진설계 고려사항)

  • Lee, Seung Jae;Eom, Tae Sung
    • Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
    • /
    • v.23 no.1
    • /
    • pp.31-42
    • /
    • 2019
  • In this study, the results of an analytical investigation on the seismic behavior of two residential 4-story bearing wall buildings with pilotis, each of which has symmetric or unsymmetric wall arrangement at their piloti level, are presented. The dynamic characteristics and lateral resistance of the piloti buildings were investigated through linear elastic and nonlinear static analyses. According to the results, the analytical natural period of vibration of the piloti buildings were significantly shorter than the fundamental period calculated in accordance with KBC 2016. In the initial elastic behavior, the walls resisting in-plane shear contributed to the lateral stiffness and strength, while the contribution of columns resisting flexural moments in double curvature was limited. However, after the shear cracking and yielding of the walls occurred, the columns significantly contributed to the residual strength and ductility. Based on those investigations, design recommendations of low-rise bearing wall buildings with piloti configuration are given.