• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.312-319
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• 2017

In the present study, disinfection efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water [SlAEW, 30 ppm of effective chlorine at $20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) $562{\pm}23mV$, pH 6.4] on 4 kinds of vegetables (lettuce leaf, endive leaf, perilla leaf and kale leaf) was evaluated to obtain a microbial reduction characteristics which are necessary to design a process control for non-thermal sterilization of fresh vegetables. Active chlorine, residual chlorine, microbial counts and residual microbial counts, which are the key factors in the non-thermal sterilization process were measured by dipping them in SlAEW three times for 30 minutes in order to analyze the relationship between factors. Total microbial count was decreased mostly during the first 10 minutes of washing, and the limit value that can be reduced by immersion treatment was 3 log CFU/g for the total microbial count surviving in 4 kinds of vegetables. The total number of microorganism that can be reduced by washing in SIAEW for 10 min was found to be about 2 log CFU/g on average. In addition, the active chlorine decreased in the initial 10 minutes in 2.2 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 1.7 ppm and 2.5 ppm in lettuce, perilla leaf, endive leaf and kale leaf, respectively, and about 50-80% of the chlorine was reduced in the initial 10 min appear.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare 1% chlorhexidine-gluconate/61% ethanol (CHG/Ethanol) emollient and 7.5% povidone-iodine (PVI) scrub for antimicrobial, residual effect, and skin condition. Method: CHG/Ethanol emollient hand hygiene was performed waterless, and brushless by operating doctors and nurses (N=20). PVI hand washing was performed with water and a brush (N=20) for 5 min. The subjects were asked to press their left hand in hand-shaped agar before a surgical scrub, immediately after a surgical scrub and after the operation. The amount of isolated microorganisms were calculated by counting the number of divided areas($1{\times}1cm$, 160 cell) which were culture positive in the hand culture plate. The skin condition was evaluated. Result: The antimicrobial count of CHG/Ethanol emollient and PVI immediately post surgical scrub was 0.0 vs. 4.1 (p>.05), and after the operation was 0.1 vs. 37.8 (p>.05)respectively. The Residual effect of CHG/Ethanol emollient immediately post surgical scrub and after the operation were 0.0 vs. 0.1 (p>.05), and PVI were 4.1 vs. 37.8 (p>.05)respectively. The skin condition and satisfaction of CHG/Ethanol emollient was higher than PVI (p<.05). Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect between CHG/Ethanol emollient and PVI were the same. Considering skin condition, satisfaction and allergic reaction CHG/Ethanol emollient for surgical scrub is recommended in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.601-605
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• 2007

The cure rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children dramatically improved over past 5 decades from zero to about 80%. The main cause of improvement is owing to the development of chemotherapy by multicenter clinical trial of large study groups with the understanding of leukemia biology. Recently, pediatric ALL protocols were applied to the treatment of adolescent and even adult ALL patients. For nearly 30 years, clinical factors have been used to risk-stratify therapy for children with ALL, so that the most intensive therapies are reserved for those patients at the highest risk of relapse. The risk groups of ALL are divided as standard- (low- plus intermediate-), high- and very high-risk group according to the prognostic factors, and treatment results improved by this risk based treatment. The factors used to risk-stratify therapy include age, gender, presenting leukocyte count, immunophenotype, cytogenetic aberrations including ploidy and translocations, and initial response after 1 to 2 weeks of therapy. But treatment efficacy is the most important determinant and can abolish the clinical significance of most, if at all, prognostic factors. Today, in the era of intensive, multiagent regimens, there is increasing evidence that we have reached the limits of prognostic significance of currently applied clinical risk factors in childhood ALL. As the cure rate of ALL is about 80%, introducing new prognostic factors such as new molecular prognostic markers, new methods of assessment about minimal residual disease, and pharmacogenetic study, with the development of stem cell transplantation and molecular targeted therapy are needed to cure residual 20% of childhood ALL patients without short and long term complications.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.263-267
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of stipulated cleaning process, and the prohibition of cross-contamination and microbiological contamination, which inadequate cleaning in multi-production could occur, through cleaning validation of multi-purpose facility used to produce five biopharmaceutical products as sterile injection. After production of five biopharmaceutical products such as hGH, rhGCSF, rhEPO, rhFSH and rhIFN using vial filling machine, the cleaning validation such as residual analysis of active ingredients or human serum albumin, measurement of total organic carbon (TOC), residual analysis of detergent and microbiological contamination were carried out. In the case of rhGH and rhGCSF clean validations, drug residues were not detected. Furthermore, in the case of rhEPO, rhFSH and rhIFN clean validations, human serum albumin residues were not detected. At TOC (total organic carbon) analysis, all clean validations gave the TOC of about average 137.93%, not more than 150% of acceptance criteria. At sodium analysis for the checking of residues of cleaning agent, sodium residues were not detected. In sterility test, they showed no microbiological contamination of bacteria and fungi. Thus, this cleaning validation was determined as successful in protection of cross-contamination and induction of safety in multi-purpose facility.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2015

Purpose: The inability to adequately judge the efficacy of cleaning and sanitation procedures in deli departments is a recognized food safety concern. In a prior study, our research group demonstrated that visual inspection of cleaned produce processing surfaces could be enhanced through the use of a portable fluorescence imaging device that detected residual produce residues. Methods: To explore the feasibility of using fluorescence imaging to similarly detect residual deli residues, spectra of American, Cheddar, Provolone, and Swiss cheeses and of processed chicken, ham, roast beef, and turkey were acquired using a laboratory hyperspectral imaging system. Circular punches of these commodities were placed onto stainless steel and high density polyethylene coupons for imaging. The coupon materials were selected to represent common surfaces found in deli departments. Results: Analysis of hyperspectral fluorescence images showed that cheeses exhibited peaks in the blue-green region and at around 675 nm. Meats exhibited peaks in the blue-green region with one of four ham and one of four chicken brands exhibiting peaks at around 675 nm, presumably due to use of plant-derived additives. When commodities were intermittently imaged over two weeks, locations of spectral peaks were preserved while intensity of peaks at shorter wavelengths increased with time. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that fluorescence imaging techniques have the potential to enhance surface hygiene inspection in deli departments and, given the immediate availability of imaging results, to help optimize routine cleaning procedures.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2003

Objectives: Radiotherapy is an effective treatment in the initial management of T1 glottic carcinoma, but local recurrent or residual tumor growth is found in approximately 10% of the patients. Even in recurrence or residual tumor, in highly selected cases, conservation surgery with preservation of a portion of the larynx is feasible. So we investigated the efficacy of salvage vertical partial laryngectomy for recurrent glottic carcinoma after irradiation. Material and Methods: Retrospectively we reviewed a consecutive series of 10 patients treated by conservative vertical partial laryngectomy of the larynx for radiation-failure, recurrent T1 glottic squamous cell carcinoma treated at Severance Hospital from 1994 to 2002. Results: Local recurrence developed in 4 patients (40%). Two patient was salvaged by further totallaryngectomy. Successful salvage was achieved finally in 8 (80%) of the 10 patients. There was no operative mortality. Postoperative perichondritis was developed in two patients. One was resolved by conservative treatment, but the other has underwent the total laryngectomy. Conclusion: A vertical partial laryngectomy in case of recurrent glottic carcinoma after a course of irridation should be the therapy of choice when stringent criteria are observed.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as an alternative testing of invasive diagnostic testing in pregnancies with ultrasound abnormalities. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of pregnant women with abnormal ultrasound findings before 24 weeks of gestation between April 2016 and March 2017. Abnormal ultrasound findings included isolated increased nuchal translucency, structural anomalies, and soft markers. The NIPT or diagnostic test was conducted and NIPT detected trisomy 21 (T21), T18, T13 and sex chromosomal abnormalities. We analyzed the false positive and residual risks of NIPT based on the ultrasound findings. Results: During the study period, 824 pregnant women had abnormal ultrasound findings. Among the study population, 139 patients (16.9%) underwent NIPT. When NIPT was solely performed in the patients with abnormal ultrasound findings, overall false positive risk was 2.2% and this study found residual risks of NIPT. However, the discordant results of NIPT differed according to the type of abnormal ultrasound findings. Discordant results were significant in the group with structural anomalies with 4.4% false positive rate. However, no discordant results were found in the group with single soft markers. Conclusion: This study found different efficacy of NIPT according to the ultrasound findings. The results emphasize the importance of individualized counseling for prenatal screening or diagnostic test based on the type of abnormal ultrasound.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report on the efficacy of Korean medical treatment for voiding dysfunction. Methods: We treated a patient with voiding dysfunction using Korean medical treatments (herbal medicines, acupuncture, and herbal acupuncture therapy). To evaluate the results of this treatment, we measured the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and the visual analog scale (VAS) for residual urination, dysuria, and miction pain. The general health status was evaluated with the European quality of life-5 dimensions (EQ-5d) scale. Results: We observed improvements in the IPSS and the EQ-5d scale after the treatments. Changes in the VAS reflected relief of residual urination and dysuria but not miction pain. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine may be effective to treat voiding dysfunction.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.50-74
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify a determent of mastery approach goal and performance approach goal using a basic concept of goal orientations and goal setting theory, and to evaluate a preference of goal achievement index as a balance score card (BSC). The study model proposed had a adoptable level of goodness of fit index(.94) and root mean square residual(.08). The meditating variable, goal contribution, totally mediated the impact of goal commitment, Y-theory human behavior, and self-efficacy but organizational resource contribution for pursuing goal orientation. Moreover, goal contribution significantly determined mastery approach goal(p<.01) and performance approach goal(.05). In standardized effects, the most powerful antecedent of mastery approach goal and performance approach goal were in order of organizational resource contribution(.27/.28), goal contribution(.21/.17), self-efficacy(.07/.06), and Y -theory human behavior and goal commitment(.05/.05), respectively. Moreover, goal contribution had a more powerful impact on mastery approach goal(.21) rather than performance approach goal(.17). In the preference of BSC, all job types preferred learning and growth index in first. In the second preference, medical doctors and pharmacists chose financial results, nurses customer service, and office managers internal processes. Each job type reflected its' own preferred BSC index to that of the other job types. In comparing a preference of four BSC index of each own job type, it was statistically different at p<.001. In conclusion, one who emphasize organizational goal contribution in pursuing goal orientation has a more strong orientation toward mastery approach goal rather than performance approach goal. A hospital should overcome and harmonize the different preferences of four BSC index since the differences might cause organizational conflicts among job types with having each unique professional norm.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2005

This study was performed to compare manual liquid-based preparation with conventional Papanicolaou tests in view of the cytologic diagnoses and specimen adequacy. The specimens of 5,979 women from 33 local clinics and 1 general hospital were prepared by both manual liquid-based preparation and conventional Papanicolaou test. The cytologic diagnoses and specimen adequacy were evaluated in Department of Fathology in Kyoungpook National University School of Medicine. A conventional Papanicolaou test was always prepared first, after that residual material on the sampling device was rinsed into a liquid preservative, and then thin-layer slides were prepared using manual method of liquid-based cervicovaginal cytology. Conventional and liquid-based slides were read independently, and cytologic diagnoses and specimen adequacy were classified using the Bethesda System. Of the cases, 5,763 (96.3%,) had the same interpretation, and there was no significant diagnostic difference in 5,853 (97.8%) cases. When evaluating cases with more than one diagnostic class difference, the manual liquid-based preparation demonstrated a statistically significant overall improvement (2.1%) in the detection of squamous intraepithelial lesion and invasive cancer. Using manual method of liquid-based preparation, there was 14.1%, reduction in unsatisfactory slides through excellent cellular presentation. In conclusion, the manual liquid-based preparation produces standardized quality, superior sensitivity and improved adequacy as compared to the conventional method.