• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.576-580
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• 1997

배추를 절이는 과정에서 배추 lipoxygenase의 활성변화는 linoleic acid를 기질로 하여 용존산소 소비량의 변화로 효소활성을 측정하였다. 소금물에 배추를 침지한 경우 소금의 농도가 증가할수록, 절임시간이 길어질수록 효소의 실활 정도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 13%의 소금물에서 5시간 절인 후 약 60%의 효소활성이 감소하였다. 한편 calcium chloride의 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 절임시 0.7% calcium chloride를 첨가한 결과 calcium chloride를 첨가한 것이 calcium chloride를 첨가하지 않은 것 보다 효소의 실활정도가 $10{\sim}15%$ 적은 것으로 나타났다. 효소 저해제로 마늘 추출물을 사용한 결과 생배추에 첨가한 경우는 약 40%, 13%의 소금물에 절인 후의 배추의 경우는 약 20%의 잔존활성을 보여 주었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 시판되고 있는 33종의 살충제에 대한 아메리카잎굴파리 (Liriomyza trifolii)의 발육단계별 약제감수성을 조사하고, 약제를 선발하여 침투이행성, 잔효성 및 방제효과를 평가하였다. 아메리카잎굴파리 알에 대해서는 spinosad가 70%의 살충률을 보인 것 외에 대부분의 약제들은 살충활성이 낮았다. 갓 부화한 유충에 대해서는 abamectin, cartap, emamectin benzoate, diflubenzuron + chlorpyrifos, milbemectin이 90%이상의 높은 살충활성을 보였다. 유충 ($2{\sim}3$령)에 대해서는 abamectin, cartap, cyromazine, emamectin benzoate, diflubenzuron +chlorpyrifos가 95% 이상의 살충활성을 나타내었다. 번데기에 대해서는 cartap + buprofezin이 98.6%의 놀은 살충활성을 나타내었고, 성충에 대해서는 모든 약제가 70% 이하의 살충활성을 나타내었다. 알에 대해서 emamectin benzoate와 milbemectin은 각각 53.3, 47.9%로 중간정도의 엽면침투이행성을 보였으며, 나머지 약제들은 낮았다. 유충과 성충에 대한 침투이행효과는 시험한 6약제 모두 30% 이하이었다. Abamectin, emamectin benzoate, milbemectin의 잔효성은 약제처리 후 10일째까지 각각 91.4, 90.4, 91.9%의 살충활성을 나타내었으며, 14일째에도 85%이상의 살충활성을 나타냈다. 방제효과 시험에서 abamectin, cyromazine, emamectin benzoate, milbemectin은 약제처리후 14일째까지 각각 96.0, 97.4, 94.5, 95.4%의 놀은 방제가를 나타냈다. Cartap과 cartap + buprofezin이 강남콩잎에 약해를 나타내었으나 그 외 약제들은 약해가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 abamectin, emamectin benzoate, milbemectin은 아메리카잎굴파리의 방제에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1050-1053
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• 2000

Biological evaluation of residual malathion after 168 hrs of single dipping exposure of White Leghorn hens to different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) of pesticides was investigated. Thirty-two male albino rats divided into four groups of eight each were kept on 20% isoproteinous diet prepared from the meat of these malathion dipped hens. After 30 days feeding trial, the rats were killed by decapitation. No significant change was found in erythrocytes. However, the triglyceride concentration in brain tissue was increased significantly (p<0.05) when dose level of pesticide was 1% in dipping solution. Similarly, malathion exposed poultry meat failed in altering any significant change in the pancreatic amylase and lipase activities of rats. This study concludes the virtual absence of toxic accumulation of pesticide in the meat of birds after 168 hrs of exposure in usual concentration range upto 1.5%.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2015

노린재류는 전작물과 과수를 포함하여 다양한 작물에 피해를 준다. 특히 사과원에서는 썩덩나무노린재와 갈색날개노린재의 피해가 심하다. 사과과실을 선호하는 2종 노린재류(썩덩나무노린재와 갈색날개노린재)에 대하여 적용약제로 등록된 7종(dinotefuran WP, etofenprox WP, chlorpyrifos WP, cabaryl WP, chlothianidin SC, flonicamid WG, and bifenthrin WG)으로 접촉독성과 잔효활성에 대해 수행하였다. 접촉독성 실험에서 디노테퓨란은 갈색날개노린재 수컷에 처리후 48시간에서 96.7%, 썩덩나무노린재 수컷에 처리후 48시간에서 74.5%의 유의성 있는 접촉독성을 보였지만 다른 약제들은 효과가 낮았다. 이들 노린재류에 대한 접촉독성은 암컷보다 수컷에서 더 높았다. 실내조건에서 플로니카미드를 제외한 모든 약제들은 갈색날개노린재 암수모두에 잔효활성의 효과가 있었고, 반면에 클로로피리포스와 비펜트린이 썩덩나무노린재 암수에 대해서 잔효효과가 높았다. 야외에서 비펜트린은 처리후 5일차까지 갈색날개노린재에 대해 높은 잔효효과를 보였고, 썩덩나무노린재에 대해서는 다소 떨어지는 잔효효과를 보였다. 하지만 클로피리포스는 실내 잔효활성 실험에서 높은 잔효효과를 보였으나 야외에서는 두종 노린재에 대하여 낮은 잔효효과를 보였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.32-49
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• 1991

주요(主要) 채소용(菜蔬用) 제초제(除草劑)의 잔효기간(殘效期間)과 후작물(後作物)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)코자 월동작물(越冬作物) 5종(種)(가을배추, 무, 시금치, 양파, 마늘)을 포장(圃場)에 파종(播種)하고 각 작물(作物)에 적용(適用)이 가능시된 제초제(除草劑)를 약량별(藥量別)로 처리(處理)한후 생물검정(生物檢定)에 의하여 경시적으로 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 처리(處理)된 제초제(除草劑)의 잔효기간(殘效其間)과 후작물(後作物)에 대한 약해유무(藥害有無)(carry-over injury)는 공시토양(供試土壤)의 종류(種類)나 재배작물(栽培作物)의 종류(種類)간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 제초제(除草劑)의 처리약량(處理藥量), 토양(土壤)의 채취심도(採取深度), 검정식물(檢定植物)의 종류(種類) 및 접종일자(接種日字)(경과일수(經過日數)) 등에 따라 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 그러나 잔효성제초제(殘效性除草劑)라도 후작물(後作物)의 종류(種類)(감수성작물(感受性作物) 피함), 약제처리후(藥劑處理後) 후작물(後作物)의 접종일자(接種日字) 연장, 경운심도(耕耘深度) 등의 조절로 후작물약해(後作物藥害)는 최소화 할 수 있었다. 2. 월동작물(越冬作物)에 처리된 제초제중(除草劑中) 그 작기(作期)가 종료시 (동작(冬作) 200-240일)까지 잔효(殘效)가 거의 남지 않아 후작물(後作物)에 안전(安全)한 제초제(除草劑)는 alachlor, trifluralin, prometry 등이었다. 3. Pendimethalin, metolachlor, linuron, methabenzthiazuron 등은 추천약량(推薦藥量)까지는 작기종료(作期終了)와 동시에 안전하나 배량처리(倍量處理)가 될때에는 그 약제(藥劑)에 감수성작물(感受性作物)의 생육(生育)에는 영향(影響)이 있었다. 4. Napropamide는 동작(冬作)에 처리(處理)시 150-300ga.i/10a 약량(藥量) 처리시(處理時)에는 작기 종료후(終了後)에도 후작물(後作物) 중 화본과(禾本科)인 IR, 직파벼, 보리등에는 영향(影響)이 있었으나 담수하(湛水下) 이앙(移秧)벼에 대한 영향(影響)은 없었고, 십자화과, 호로과, 가지과작물(作物) 등에도 영향(影響)이 없었다. 5. 대표적으로 잔효(殘效)가 긴 nitralin은 동작(冬作)에서는 275일후(日後)에도 화본과(禾本科)인 IR, 벼, 보리, 담수하(湛水下) 이앙(移秧)벼에는 75ga.i./10a약량(藥量)에서도 생육억제(生育抑制)가 있었고, 그이외 참깨, 들깨, 시금치 등의 생육(生育)에도 약간의 영향(影響)이 있었으나 십자화과, 호로과, 가지과 등에 대한 영향(影響)은 적었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1261-1270
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• 2009

Fifty hydrocarbon-metabolizing microorganisms were isolated from soil samples polluted by the petroleum oils in Gamman-dong, Busan. Among them, strain 2-3A, showing strong emulsification activity, was selected by oil film-collapsing method. This bacterium was identified as Acinetobacter sp. and designated as Acinetobacter sp. 2-3A. The optimum temperature and pH on the growth of Acinetobacter sp. 2-3A were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0, respectively. The carbon and nitrogen sources for the most effective emulsification activity were 3.0% olive oil and 0.5% peptone, respectively. The 0.15% potassium phosphate was the most effective emulsification activity as a phosphate source. The optimum emulsification activity condition was $20^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, and 2.0% NaCl. The optimum time for the best production of biosurfactant was 27 hrs. The emulsification stability was maintained at the temperature range from $4^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$, pH range from 6.0 to 10.0, and NaCl range from 0% to 10%. For the oil resolvability of the biosurfactant, the residual oils were investigated by gas chromatography. As a result, it was verified that the biosurfactant decreased and decomposed crude oils from $_nC_{10}$ to $_nC_{32}$.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1967

1. Within experimental chromatin, the total protein: DNA ratio did not vary in the same organs of control and irradiated rats. However, the amount of RNA and total protein associated with the DNA varied considerably among the different types of chromatin. In particular, the content of chromatin was the control tissue. RNA and total protein ratio of chromatins from brtain, liver, testis and spleen declined with experimental I organs. 2. There was the same quantitative relationship between the amount of RNA and the amount of histone-protein associated with DNA in chromatin. 3. RNA: DNA ratio of chromatin showed 1.5-2 times increas in the irradiated organs except brain. However, RNA: DNA ratio was decreased in chromatin by irradiation. 4. Histone-protein:residual protein ratio was greatly varied among the organs. However, the effect was not found by irradiation. 5. Priming activity of chromatin showed a higher value in testis and the activity was greater in organs with higher metabolic activity: 6. Inhibition of Actinomycin D is observable in chromatin from testis, liver, spleen and brain declined without relationship between irradiated and non-irradiated conditions. Ammonium sulfate showed increased priming activity by the electrostatic dissociation of DNA and histone in chromatin on the stimulation depending on property of chromatins. 7. It is suggested that the results support a proposal that testis and spleen of highly sensitive to irradiation should an increase in the priming activity whereas brain and liver of lower sensitivity decreased in the activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.715-723
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• 2023

Microbial biofilms are resilient, immune-evasive, often antibiotic-resistant health challenges, and increasingly the target for research into novel therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the effects of a nutraceutical enzyme and botanical blend (NEBB) on established biofilm. Five microbial strains with known implications in chronic human illnesses were tested: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus simulans (coagulase-negative, penicillin-resistant), Borrelia burgdorferi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains were allowed to form biofilm in vitro. Biofilm cultures were treated with NEBB containing enzymes targeted at lipids, proteins, and sugars, also containing the mucolytic compound N-acetyl cysteine, along with antimicrobial extracts from cranberry, berberine, rosemary, and peppermint. The post-treatment biofilm mass was evaluated by crystal-violet staining, and metabolic activity was measured using the MTT assay. Average biofilm mass and metabolic activity for NEBB-treated biofilms were compared to the average of untreated control cultures. Treatment of established biofilm with NEBB resulted in biofilm-disruption, involving significant reductions in biofilm mass and metabolic activity for Candida and both Staphylococcus species. For B. burgdorferi, we observed reduced biofilm mass, but the remaining residual biofilm showed a mild increase in metabolic activity, suggesting a shift from metabolically quiescent, treatment-resistant persister forms of B. burgdorferi to a more active form, potentially more recognizable by the host immune system. For P. aeruginosa, low doses of NEBB significantly reduced biofilm mass and metabolic activity while higher doses of NEBB increased biofilm mass and metabolic activity. The results suggest that targeted nutraceutical support may help disrupt biofilm communities, offering new facets for integrative combinational treatment strategies.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.157-161
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• 1986

Isolated calf thymus nuclei were in vitro methylated with S- adenosy-L-methyl-$^{14}C$ methionine, and the proteins were fractionated according to their solubilities. Histone fraction ($H_{2}SO_{4}$-soluble fraction) contained approximately 60% total radioactivity incorporated, while "residual protein" which was ($H_{2}SO_{4}$-insoluble contained the remaining radio-activity. The "residual protein" was further fractionated into various acidic proteins, which contained very littel of the radioactivity. However, the protein fraction eluted from DEAE-cellulose with 0.5 N NaOH contained the largest amount of radioactivity. This protein was found to be basic in nature by amino analysis.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 재36권6호
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• pp.657-669
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• 2020

This study investigates the fire resistance characteristics of reactive powder concrete according to changes in the cement content per unit area, mixing ratio of metakaolin (MK), and content of polypropylene fiber. A fire test was conducted, and the resulting residual strength characteristics were investigated through flexural and compressive strength measurements, as well as condition rating classification based on visual evaluation. MK effectively reduced the initial high content of calcium hydroxide, thereby reducing the water vapor pressure generated during pyrolysis and slowing spalling. Furthermore, the pore structure and loose tissue were effective for relieving the water vapor pressure in the event of a fire.