• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 1994

The Korean government has introduced land policy reform measures recently, in order to stabilize the circulating system of land, without a parent law involving effective land use. The measures aim to change the pattern of land market rather than the pattern of land use. Expecially, the excessive profits tax on land intends to redistribute the owernership of residential land, and to recapture windfall gains on an accrual basis. However, it may incur secondary gains in macro economics and an unintended reduction of urban land supply in the land market. This paper aims to study empirically the impact caused by the excessive profits tax on land, and to promote urban land supply. Ultimately, this paper can be regarded as an interim report on outcome of research projects which aim to propose a method of urban land supply suitable to an advanced society.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.151-155
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• 2005

An electricity consumption is closely related to the economic growth structure. The change of economic growth structure affects the pattern of electricity consumption widely and severely. This paper gives that the primary changing factors of electricity growth are economic growth, change of industry structure(the change of electricity consumption ratio in case of residential sector), and the effect of electricity saying. It gives a model to analyze the influence of GDP to the change of electricity consumption patterns by sector through the period of pre and post 1998(IMF, financial crisis) to observe the contribution of each factor to the growth of electricity demand. It is anticipated that this study shows the feasible scheme of economic structure to become the developed country.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.126-132
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to advance apartment houses in quality as a residence through revitalization of tradition and the procedures are as follows: The first procedure is theoretical contemplation. The second procedure is analysis of the traditional residential space that gives a starting point of introspection of it without cease at the stage of formal following or pattern application in revitalizing tradition in the apartment houses. And the third procedure is to select and suggest aspects applicable to developing Korean style apartment houses. The suggest is embodied by a plane figure of 55 pyong type apartment house after selecting the concrete development aspects with approaches such as arrangement and interior space analysis, behavior analysis and space division and design analysis. This study has its meaning in that it suggests a possibility of various approaches other than formal following or pattern application in revitalizing tradition in a new Korean type apartment house, that it gives another selection to diversifying consumers' patterns and that it helps recognize and develop our tradition in this age of cultural nationalism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.174-182
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• 2011

The present study evaluated the major lead sources in a steel metallurgy industrialized city by measuring lead isotopes/lead concentrations of ambient air and potential sources in an industrial area and residential areas according to relative distance. The quality control program obtained during the measurement procedure for lead isotopes and concentrations exhibited $0.5ng/m^3$ for method detection limit, more than 90% for recoveries of standard particulate matters, and lower than 0.2% for reproducibility errors of four lead isotopes ($^{204}Pb$, $^{206}Pb$, $^{207}Pb$, $^{208}Pb$). For all three lead isotope ratios ($^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb$, $^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$, $^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$), the ratios were obtained in the industrial area were closer to nearby residential area than those of a residential area far away from the industrial area, thereby suggesting that lead sources were more similar each other in the industrial and nearby residential area. Furthermore, for both summer and winter seasons ambient lead concentrations were more than four times higher in the industrial area than in the residential areas and in turn, they were higher in the nearby residential area compared with the far-away residential area. As a result, it was suggested that lead emitted from the industrial area would influence more the ambient lead in the nearby residential area than the far-away residential area. Both slag and traffic emissions are likely to be major lead sources in the industrial and nearby residential areas, since their three lead isotope ratios ($^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb$, $^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$, $^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$) were similar to the ratios obtained from ambient air of these two areas. In addition, the lead isotope ratios revealed different pattern between seasons, and the ambient lead concentrations were higher for winter than for summer.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.93-102
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• 2016

Currently, there is a gradual increase in double-income households in our country, and one-child families gradually become the norm as well due to a decrease in the birth rate. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of spatial use and furniture arrangements in the residential spaces of one-child double-income households in an effort to be of use for spatial planning suitable for their living. 30 cases of double-income households whose children's ages ranged from infancy to secondary school years were visited to have in-depth interviews and make on-site inspections. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the most common spatial use pattern for three bedrooms was using one for the parents, another for their child and the third for personal computers and clothing storage. It signified that the parents and their child used one room respectively, and that there were personal computers and clothing in the third room. Second, as for the pattern of using the rooms according to furniture arrangements, there were great disparities in that regard according to child age. It implies that there were differences in their living and needs for furniture arrangements according to their children's growth. The findings of the study made it possible to determine the state of living in the double-income households in detail, and suggest that differentiated house planning is required depending on children's age groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find out how the urban landscape of Korea, especially Seoul, changed during the last half century since 1945. The modernization of Korea, which had begun in 1960's after the chaotic period caused by Korean War, influenced the rapid growth of cities and the radical changes of its structures. But the Western-minded planning theories based on rationalism and positivism was directly applied in developing our traditional cities and consequently the modern urban landscape including urban pattern, architectural style, and commercial and residential landscape revealed disharmony, discrepancy and inconsistency in skylines, streetscape and so on. The findings are summarized as follows. 1. Because the urban structure and pattern changed in undesirable manner in terms of land use and traffic circulation, cities as a whole resulted in exclusive and heterogeneous landscape, and citizens lost their identity and felt alienated. 2. Because the architectural forms of important and monumental buildings which influenced the character of streetscape were not so successful in inventing contemporary Korean Style in true sense, we still have difficulty in creating the urban landscape of originality and legibility. 3. Because from the beginning of this era almost all highrise buildings were designed by modernism-oriented western architects, the commercial landscape of central cities did not evoke a sense of place, and after the introduction of postmodernism this tendency is ore striking even in everyday ordinary streetscape. 4. The newly formed residential landscape which was mainly composed of highly dense and highrise apartment, not only evolved very overwhelming and ugly visual impact but also exposed many social problems in living condition, neighboring and face-to-face contact. In conclusion, in ordr to define the 'Koreanness' of our urban landscape, we have to struggle to combine traditional architectural heritage and native townscape with Western shape, thought and theory, no matter how difficult it may be.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.69-87
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• 2002

This study examines the spatial diffusion and locational charateristics of convenience stores in Daegu which had increased rapidly in the 1990s. The first convenience store (CVS) was introduced in the zone of transition of (Namgu district) adjacent to the city center or CBD in 1992. Thereafter they diffused into CBD and residential areas, but they have centered around places where their steady purchasing population was distributed. As a result, the spatial distribution of CVSs in Daegu shows a very uneven pattern concentrated in areas with many high school, in commercial and business areas, and apartment residential areas. It seems that this pattern is derived from two basic locational factors. Primarily, the location of CVSs in Daegu is very closely related with the spatial distribution of the demand population which will be clients for CVSs. Secondarily, it is also affected by the accessibility of streets which the demand population utilizes easily.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.343-355
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate in the residence and the income choice attributes and usage pattern of Bakery Product Purchasers. The findings of survey showed that in general characteristics of respondents, Out of the total 1,235 people, 59.6% of them were women, 40.4% of them were men, so the number of females was slightly higher than that of males. On the matter of bakery purchase attributes, in the case of food life 'health-interest type' was the most popular with 40.0%. In residential areas, people living in large cities received 35.8% of the 'taste-interest type', while people living in small and medium sized cities received 45.4% of the 'health-interest type'(p<0.001), the higher the income, the more interested in your health(p<0.001). When purchasing bakery products, consumers had different importance factors such as taste 67.1%, nutrition 13.7%, price 7.8%, in residential areas was a significant difference(p<0.01). In bakery-using type, franchise bakery was 71.1%, window bakery 14.6%, in-store bakery 8.4%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2010

This study is for Hanbuk Mountain Range within Gyeonggi province which is to propose the conservation plan by each damage pattern through site survey of the mountain range. The damage patterns are classified by siding, pointing and lining. The total damaged area is 103 areas: The siding pattern is damaged by developing farmland, mineral and quarry mining, dam, large scale development complex and cemetery park; The pointing pattern is including the development of road, transmission tower and way and mountaineering trail; The construction of electricity and communication facility, military facility, mobile communication station, heliport and shelter. The damages by developing road and large scale development complex are the most cause, and military facility, dam and reservoir, and residential area are the main causes, respectively. One of the compromised situation Hanbuk-Mountain Range usage as per section 7 section (18.45%), 12 section (18.45%) is the largest number of compromised has been surveyed, undermine the situation if you look at the usage by the road 25 locations (24.22%), military facilities and dam and reservoir to undermine this 11 established respectively (10.68%) were the most undermine. Therefore, this research propose the conservation plan as follow: first, need to understand, educate and publicize on Hanbuk-Mounatin Range; second, manage through the regulations and ordinance of Gyeonggi province; third build and expand the law for protecting Baekdu-Great Mountain Range.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.421-425
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• 2006

It can be important framework data to monitor the change of land-use pattern of river boundary in design and management of river. This study analyzed the change of land-use pattern of Gab and Yudeung River using time-series aerial images. To do this, we carried out radiation and geometric correction of image, and estimated land-use changes in inland and floodplain. As the analysis of inland, the ratio of residential, commercial, industrial, educational and public area, that is urbanized element, increases, but that of agricultural area shows a decline on the basis of 1990. Also, Minimum Distance Method, which is a kind of supervised classification method, is applied to extract water-body and sand bar layer in floodplain. As the analysis of land-use, the ratio of level-upped riverside land and water-body increases, but that of sand bar decreases. These time-series land use information can be important decision making data to evaluate the urbanization of river boundary, and especially it gives us goodness in river development project such as the composition of ecological habitat.