• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.161-183
• /
• 2011

This study aims to design, develop the impact of a high school course in practical problem- focused teaching plan which will enable students to deal with an aging society, and prepare well for the aging by looking at issues the elderly face. This study set a target of analyzing the 2007 revised curriculum manual to develop instructor-led teaching and learning plans for 'Successful aging preparation'. Five common subjects were reframed on a practical problem basis through factor analysis of preliminary research regarding aging education for teenagers and the 2007 revised curriculum and textbooks of Technology Home Economics, and Human Development. The practical problem was 'What do we need to do to Successfully live an independent life in aging?', and the subjects studied to answer this question were the aging society and population changes. the nature of the elderly, aging preparation, care of the elderly, and welfare services for the elderly. These five subjects were grouped under the main categories of The Aging Society. Understanding the Elderly, and aging Preparation. The ultimate objective of the lessons was, through critical reasoning, to inquire into the causes of current problems the elderly face so that teenagers can understand aging societies and the elderly, and prepare for a Successful aging. Another objective was to seek reasonable alternatives for teenagers as they prepare for Successful and independent aging, and increase their problem-solving abilities in choosing the best course of action by considering the ripple effect of consequences of each of those alternatives. The practical problem-teaching lesson plans consisted of five classes on practical reasoning instruction. This study suggests that new high school curricula should include lessons on preparation for aging so that students can deal successfully with our aging society.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 2002

A hot water extract was prepared from the artificially grown Gastrodia elata to investigate its chemical composition and various in vitro biological activities as an effort to develop G. elata as health/functional food materials. The contents of crude protein, ash, fat, fiber, moisture and total sugar were 5.4, 2.6, 3.6, 3.3, 8.1 and 77% (w/w), respectively. The extract of G. elata had greater amount of potassium (1,150 mg/100 g) than phosphorus (300 mg/100 g). Dose-dependence against human carcinoma (Hep3B, MCF-7, A549 and AGS) were observed from 0.2 mg/ml to 1.0 mg/ml. Especially, the treatment of 1.0 mg/ml extracts showed the highest cytotoxicity with 83% against gastric carcinoma (AGS). The extracts showed weak antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but practically no antimicrobial activity against the other microorganisms tested. The effect of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition was 64% at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. The inhibitory effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of the extract in the range of $0.2{\sim}1.0mg/ml$ showed $63{\sim}89%$, and the highest ACE inhibition was 89% at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml of extracts. The highest activity of glutathion S-transferase (GST) was 221 % at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml of the G. elata extracts. These results suggest that G. elata may be used as health/functional food materials.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2002

Biological control against mushroom fly, Lycoriella mali, was performed by using Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Bti-D and Bti-U, isolated from dead mushroom fly in oyster mushroom houses. Control values of the bacterial strains Bti-D and Bti-U against L. mali in bottle culture of oyster mushroom were 74.4% and 64.2%, respectively, and the value in small tray culture were 75.8% and 56.8%, respectively. In the experiment to develop the mass, cheap media for Bti-D and Bti-U isolates, the Biji broth (bean curd residue, called Biji in Korean language) was selected as a culture medium for an inexpensive and mass cultivation by the measurement of optical density of the two bacteria grown in the different media tested. Insecticidal effect of the formulation contained different ingredients that were prepared by using the Bti-D strain cultured in the Biji broth was tested in tray and bottle culture of oyster mushroom. The WCS formulation that contained corn starch as bio-gel (86.4%) was more effective to control the mushroom fly than living cells (69.1%) in bottle culture of oyster mushroom. Moreover, insecticidal effect of the WCS formulation was improved when water of pH 8 was used for dilution of the formulation. Effect of the WCS formulation using water of pH 8 and chemicals, Zuron (dimillin) W.P. on the control of mushroom fly and the productivity of oyster mushroom was investigated in tray culture of oyster mushroom. The Zuron W.P. was more effective to control the mushroom fly than the WCS formulation. However, compared with no treatment, the productivity of the mushroom treated with the WCS formulation was improved than that of the mushroom with Zuron W.P.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.207-228
• /
• 2007

Measuring Information Technology(IT) organizations' activities have been limited to mainly measure financial indicators for a long time. However, according to the multifarious functions of Information System, a number of researches have been done for the new trends on measurement methodologies that come with financial measurement as well as new measurement methods. Especially, the researches on IT Balanced Scorecard(BSC), concept from BSC measuring IT activities have been done as well in recent years. BSC provides more advantages than only integration of non-financial measures in a performance measurement system. The core of BSC rests on the cause-and-effect relationships between measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures to allow prediction of value chain performance measures, communication, and realization of the corporate strategy and incentive controlled actions. More recently, BSC proponents have focused on the need to tie measures together into a causal chain of performance, and to test the validity of these hypothesized effects to guide the development of strategy. Kaplan and Norton[2001] argue that one of the primary benefits of the balanced scorecard is its use in gauging the success of strategy. Norreklit[2000] insist that the cause-and-effect chain is central to the balanced scorecard. The cause-and-effect chain is also central to the IT BSC. However, prior researches on relationship between information system and enterprise strategies as well as connection between various IT performance measurement indicators are not so much studied. Ittner et al.[2003] report that 77% of all surveyed companies with an implemented BSC place no or only little interest on soundly modeled cause-and-effect relationships despite of the importance of cause-and-effect chains as an integral part of BSC. This shortcoming can be explained with one theoretical and one practical reason[Blumenberg and Hinz, 2006]. From a theoretical point of view, causalities within the BSC method and their application are only vaguely described by Kaplan and Norton. From a practical consideration, modeling corporate causalities is a complex task due to tedious data acquisition and following reliability maintenance. However, cause-and effect relationships are an essential part of BSCs because they differentiate performance measurement systems like BSCs from simple key performance indicator(KPI) lists. KPI lists present an ad-hoc collection of measures to managers but do not allow for a comprehensive view on corporate performance. Instead, performance measurement system like BSCs tries to model the relationships of the underlying value chain in cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, to overcome the deficiencies of causal modeling in IT BSC, sound and robust causal modeling approaches are required in theory as well as in practice for offering a solution. The propose of this study is to suggest critical success factors(CSFs) and KPIs for measuring performance for IT organizations and empirically validate the casual relationships between those CSFs. For this purpose, we define four perspectives of BSC for IT organizations according to Van Grembergen's study[2000] as follows. The Future Orientation perspective represents the human and technology resources needed by IT to deliver its services. The Operational Excellence perspective represents the IT processes employed to develop and deliver the applications. The User Orientation perspective represents the user evaluation of IT. The Business Contribution perspective captures the business value of the IT investments. Each of these perspectives has to be translated into corresponding metrics and measures that assess the current situations. This study suggests 12 CSFs for IT BSC based on the previous IT BSC's studies and COBIT 4.1. These CSFs consist of 51 KPIs. We defines the cause-and-effect relationships among BSC CSFs for IT Organizations as follows. The Future Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Operational Excellence perspective. Then the Operational Excellence perspective will have positive effects on the User Orientation perspective. Finally, the User Orientation perspective will have positive effects on the Business Contribution perspective. This research tests the validity of these hypothesized casual effects and the sub-hypothesized causal relationships. For the purpose, we used the Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modeling(or PLS Path Modeling) for analyzing multiple IT BSC CSFs. The PLS path modeling has special abilities that make it more appropriate than other techniques, such as multiple regression and LISREL, when analyzing small sample sizes. Recently the use of PLS path modeling has been gaining interests and use among IS researchers in recent years because of its ability to model latent constructs under conditions of nonormality and with small to medium sample sizes(Chin et al., 2003). The empirical results of our study using PLS path modeling show that the casual effects in IT BSC significantly exist partially in our hypotheses.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2008

To obtain optimum configuration, depth and load of constructed wetlands(CWs) for treating of hydroponic waste solution(HWS) which was produced in greenhouses, the study was conducted with 4 kinds of combined systems such as Vertical flow(VF)-Horizontal flow(HF), VF-VF, HF-VF and HF-HF CWs. In four configurations of CWs, the treatment efficiency of pollutants from HWS under depth of HF and VF beds, HWS loading and HWSs were investigated. Removal rate of pollutants under different depth of VF and HF in 2-stage hybrid CWs was in the order of 50 cm < 70 cm regardless of CWs configuration. Removal rate of pollutants under HWS loading in 2-stage hybrid CWs was in the order of $150L\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}{\fallingdotseq}300L\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}\;>\;450L\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$. The optimum depth and HWS loading were 70 cm and $300L\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ in four configurations of CWs, respectively. Using this optimum condition, for various HWSs (cucumber, paprika and strawberry HWS), removal rate of pollutants in HF-HF CWs was higher than that in HF-VF CWs. Optimum configuration of 2-stage hybrid CWs for treating hydroponic waste solution in greenhouses was found out to be HF-HF CWs. Therefore, under the optimum conditions, removal rate of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P in HF-HF CWs were 84, 81, 84, 51 and 93%, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.229-234
• /
• 2014

We analyzed drainage water from coir substrate in which cucumber plants were grown in winter and elucidated changes in pH, EC, and major nutrients according to the growth stages to recommend nutrient solution management appropriate to each growth stage. From the analysis of drainage solution the growth stages of cucumber were desirable to be divided into two, planting to fruit setting and fruit setting to harvest in case of nutrient solution management. The time required was about 3 weeks from planting to the first fruit setting and thereafter 7~10 days more until the first harvest. Approximately every 3~4 days were needed until the upper flowers bloomed. The time required from fruit setting to harvest was not different much among flowers as cucumber plants grew. From the experimental results, EC of supplied solution was recommended to maintain a little high to $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ until before fruit setting and lower a little to $2.0{\sim}2.3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ after that. Of course, the amount of solution supply should be increased as plants grew. In case of each nutrients, the recommendation of concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium were 700, 60, and $110mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ each until before fruit setting, and then 660, 50, and $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ each after fruit setting. The concentrations of potassium and magnesium are recommended to start from 400 and $80mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ until fruit setting and lower a little after that.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 2014

This study aimed to examine the effect of different fruit-loads on fruit yield, quality, and plant growth of 'Seolhyang' strawberry. Fruit loads were adjusted from the first to the fourth flower cluster so that the number of fruits became 20, 25, and 30, and non-flower thinning of some was made. The more the number of fruits per plant was, the greater the total yield obtained, but marketable yield decreased and non-marketable yield increased. Compared to the treatment whose fruit load was adjusted, the control with non-flower thinning had more fruit yield in the first and second flower clusters but tended to have less fruit yield in the third and fourth flower clusters. The lower the fruit load was, the more soluble solids content of fruits increased. The lower the fruit load of a flower cluster was, the faster its harvest time reached. Harvest of fruit load of 20 was faster by 10 days in the second and fourth flower clusters relative to the control. On November 24, 2012, flowering thinning of the first flower cluster was made. On March 7, 2013, fruit dry weight of the second flower cluster was most heavy in the control. Dry weight of roots decreased in the control and the fruit load of 30 compared to November 24. On April 9, fruit dry weight of the third flower cluster did not have significant difference according to fruit load, however the more the fruit load was, the smaller dry weight of leaf, root, and crown became, which were vegetative organs. On May 12, the more the fruit load, the smaller leaf area and dry weight of vegetative organs and differences from varying fruit-loads became considerable in later period of growth. Appropriate fruit load of 'Seolhyang' strawberry were from 20 to 25. Maintaining balance between vegetative and fruit growth by adjusting fruit load is very important for stable fruit production.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.65-88
• /
• 2008

To achieve the age of 30,000 dollars GNP, The business with speed will hold a more crucial point than the business with scale, and the mass consumption market will be transformed and changed into the niche market. Moreover, it will not be easy for the company without the peculiar and creative technology to survive in the severe competition. Under these circumstances, The innovative company which knows how to use this new paradigm will select the better position in the changing market. Innovation type SMEs are contributing in maintaining the international competitiveness of domestic economy by serving high-tech and the promotion of employment. Also, Innovation type SMEs have the most important economic leverage in our domestic economy. It's a source of the growth in domestic economy. Therefore, A lot of countries have been trying to support innovation type SMEs (with a small capital and high-tech). And many countries also try to protect and promote the innovation type SMEs. Especially the Korean government is also promoting innovation type SMEs in many ways, because the future of innovation type SMEs are not bright. This study explored the three innovative SEMs and studied 1) entrepreneur characteristics, 2) the industry environment, 3) competitive strategies, and 4) resources and capabilities of organization, which have been considered as the success factors for entrepreneurial firms. This study also holds that the characteristics of entrepreneurs is one of the most important factor to impact the success of innovative SMEs. Most of entrepreneurs have started their business with high education career and field experiences and have high intentions in developing new/high techonologies, challenging spirits, and clear vision and goals. The innovative SMEs with small kinds of products and services, narrow market, and small resources are more sensitively impacted by the environment especially. But the SMEs which entered into market early could have the comparative excellencies in their market to survive and grow in the future. They also have competitive advantages in the market using differentiation strategies by technology innovation. Technology innovation and differention strategies are one of the success factors in SMEs, They entered into the niche market using this weapons. The capabilities of changing organization to their changing environment, the open orgarnization culture, the continuous employment education, and the building the organic organization are also success factors of innovative SMEs. The SMEs with the simple organization structure can make fast decisions and operate with the autonomous and flexible ways. These only three cases will not shown successful factors of over 12,000 Innovation type SMEs in Korea and this study of Innovation type SMEs is insufficient from all aspects. But this study have many implications for the future research and the entrepreneurs ready for their business.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.50-65
• /
• 1988

This study was conducted in order to grasp the condition of about the school nurse's service and to offer the basic materials of improving the school health service. The objects were comprised of 98 volunteered school nurses who take service in the elementary school. The material of this study was the questionaire suited to the purpose of this research which has been made through studying references and this questionaire has been corrected and revised three times. All the questionaire written by school-nurses. The results are as follows; 1. General features of the objects of study Average age was 35.9 and average career was 9.2 years. Except working as school-nurse, the past career was that average clinical-field was 3.4 years and health service was 4 months. Their educational level was as high as 72.4% of the objects were graduated from above 3 years college and 89.8% were married. 76.5% have religions and 94.8% were working at with national and public schools. 99.0% were doing only nursing service. 2. The conditions of the school health resources. The ratio of school-nurse to students was one to 2630. School-nurse to classes, one to 49.3, and school-nurse to teachers, one to 54. For total amount of a year budget of school health, from three hundred thousands to fifty nine hundred thousands won was most common. Expenses for purchasing medicine were used most. 58.2% of school-nurses hasn't known a year budget. There was an organization for school health in 74.2% of schools. 42.9% of nursing rooms were in the center of school and 88.8% were on first floor. Nursing room were used alone without being used by another purpose and the room size of 71.6% was below 10 pyong. 3. The conditions of school health service Average users of nursing room were 413 a month. The most of them had digestive trouble. Sending letters to home was 15.9 times a year. The most contents of letters was about health education. Object spent much time managing nursing room. 4. The degree of school health service When 2 points was given to "perform" and 1 point was to "not perform" the total average was 1.75, health education 1.89, environmental management 1.86, plan of project and evaluation 1.83, management of nursing room 1.82, health management 1.78, run of school health organization 1.32. 5. Correlation between the school health services and variables (1) The part of project plan and evaluation of school health service has relationship to existence or none-existence of school health organization (P<0.01), past health service career (P<0.05), number of classes (P<0.01), number of students (P<0.01), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.01) and number of users (P<0.05). (2) The part of nursing room management has relationship to ages (P<0.05) past clinical career (P<0.05), number of classes (P<0.05), number of students (P<0.05) and sending letters to home about health education (P<0.01). (3) The part of health education has relationship to existence or none-existence of school health organization (P<0.05), past clinical career (P<0.05), the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05) and the ratio of health education to school nurse's all work (P<0.01). (4) The part of environmental management to ages (P<0.01), career as a school-nurse (P<0.01), salary step(P<0.01), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.01), sending all letters to home (P<0.001), the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05), the ratio of health education to school nurse's all work (P<0.05) and area of school-nurse's room to be used. (5) The part of school health organization management to number of classes (P<0.05). (6) The part of health management to number of classes (P<0.05), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.001), sending all of letters to home (P<0.01) and the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05). (7) The part of school health service to ages (P<0.05), past clinical career (P<0.05), past health career (P<0.01), number of classes (P<0.05), number of student (P<0.05), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.05), sending all letters to home (P<0.05), the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05), the ratio of health education to school nurse's all work (P<0.01) and area of school - nurse's room to be used (P<0.05). ## Suggestion for further studies are as follows. 1. School-nurse should exert herself to advance a quality to take care of school population's health. 2. It is necessary that systematic support required to keep school population's health. 3. Home, school and community should make efforts cooperatively and the proper roles of students, teachers, health team members and parents must be achieved.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.649-656
• /
• 2012

To obtain the basic information for agricultural utilization of germanium (Ge), the growth characteristics and Ge absorption in rice plant were investigated under different Ge concentrations by foliar spray application. The Ge concentrations were treated with 0 (control), 10, 20, 40 and $80mg\;L^{-1}$ in pot (1 5000$^{-1}$ a), respectively. The Ge absorption rate in rice by foliar spray application with $80mg\;L^{-1}$ in pot was higher in the order of leaf (5.75%) > stem (4.52%) > root (<0.01%). By foliar spray application, the Ge content in rice was higher in the order of $80mg\;L^{-1}$ > $40mg\;L^{-1}$ > $20mg\;L^{-1}$ > $10mg\;L^{-1}$. When rice was treated with $80mg\;L^{-1}$ of Ge, the Ge content in rice grain was higher in the order of rice bran ($0.21mg\;pot^{-1}$) $\gg$ brown rice ($0.04mg\;pot^{-1}$) ${\geq}$ polished rice ($0.03mg\;pot^{-1}$). By foliar spray application, the Ge uptake in rice bran was higher than that in other parts. Therefore, optimum Ge concentration by foliar spray application was $80mg\;L^{-1}$ in pot based on the results from the Ge treatments.