• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.151-175
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• 1999

This study develops principles for determining and managing costs applicable to grants and cooperative agreements for basic research. We investigated financial management policies of funding agencies and foundations in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Japan and Korea. Also we surveyed opinions of researchers and research fund administrators in Korean universities. Based on our review of funding agencies and our survey, the recommended management policies for grants and cooperative agreements are as follows: (1) Cost Structure. Cost of a sponsored agreement is comprised of the allowable direct costs and allocable portion of the allowable indirect costs. Direct costs can be further divided into salaries and wages, equipment, and other direct costs. (2) Salaries and Wages. Salaries and wages applied to a grant are paid for services rendered to the project during the period of performance of the particular agreement. In order to give researchers financial incentive, researcher allowance can be paid up to 30% of his/her regular salary. (3) Equipment. Any property purchased with grants which has an acquisition cost of 5,000,000 won or more per item and a normal life expectancy of two years or more is defined as equipment. Expenditures for special purpose equipment are allowable provided the acquisition of items is necessary for the research supported by the grant. (4) Other Direct Costs. Other direct costs are comprised of travel (both domestic and foreign), materials, other costs. Other costs may not exceed 30% of total other direct costs. (5) Indirect Costs. Since there is no clear consensus on indirect costs and additional budget is necessary to support actual indirect costs, the practical policy at the moment is to give a research support expense in lieu of indirect costs. In the future, however, some form of actual indirect costs should be supported. This study develops principles for determining and managing costs applicable to grants and cooperative agreements funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology. This research can be applied to other governmental agencies to give consistency and uniformity in administration of grants and cooperative agreements.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.483-491
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to shed light on factors that influence securing of university research grants. For this purpose, this study emphasizes the role of management capability of industry-university cooperation foundation in securing research grants. We analyze whether the potential capabilities influence research grants using panel data from 194 universities during 2016 to 2018. The results obtained from the Driscoll & Kraay standard errors (DKSE) indicate that a number of variables including the portion of industry-university collaboration professors, academic performance of professors, and the number of paid researchers are positively associated with the amount of external research grant approved. However, the percentage of employees employed for less than two years is negatively related with securing external research grants. Once the dependent variable is measured by the total university research grants, the negative coefficient of employees with short-term career disappears. Instead, the percentage of employees who are in charge of research planning and management and the total number of employees involved in industry-university collaboration foundations are negatively related with the total university research grant amounts.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2013

Because consumers tend to have negative opinion about a company that neglects social issues like poverty or pollution while it focuses on its own profit, a lot of companies have invested their resources in Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR). CSR has merits of image improving and profit gaining, on the other hand, it has also many shortcomings. First, the cost of CSR may become a heavy financial burden. Specifically, CSR tends to be implemented by a company's unilateral backup, and then this may impose a heavy burden on the company. Second, one cannot expect effects of CSR in a short-term. Because of these shortcomings, the unilateral CSR has gone into alteration of the type of CSR since 1980's. Instead of unilaterality, Cause-Related Marketing(CRM) began to be used for mutual profits among company, consumers, and society. That is, CRM has become to be spotlighted as a new type of CSR. It focuses on partnership between a company and consumers based on cause and mutual profit pursuing through this partnership. So, many contemporary companies prefer CRM activities that derive their positive corporate image, that increase their sales, and that reduce their financial cost. The IBM Matching Grants Program, which is the largest of the IBM-Employee partnership programs, is a typical CRM. This program enables employees and retirees to increase the value of their donations to educational institutions, hospitals, hospices, nursing homes, and cultural & environmental organizations with a matching gift from IBM. Hundreds of educational institutions and thousands of nonprofit organizations have benefited from the contributions by IBM. There might be various types of matching grants. For example, an employee might choose a lump-sum expense or partitioning a lump-sum into a series of small ongoing expenses for his (or her) donation, and a firm might match the employee's total contribution with a lump-sum expense or might match the employee's total contribution with a series of small ongoing expenses. However, it is not easy to find an academic research on which type of matching grant is preferred by employees. This paper shows that an employee prefers the type of matching grants that consists of a lump-sum expense for his (or her) contribution and a series of small ongoing expenses for a firm's contribution [or the type of matching grants that consists of a series of small ongoing expenses for an employee's contribution and a lump-sum expense for a firm's contribution] to the other types of matching grants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

The regional development methods, which had carried out in the rural area had many legal and systematic problems in establishing plans for the region itself, and in finding and practicing various business. Recently, new government revised the budget system and introduced the block grants system to overcome this limitation. Due to this, plans and enforcements of subsequent rural development projects are expected be a significant change. The study suggests the 'theme cluster development' method for accomplishing the regional specialization and competitiveness and examines the procedure of application in practice through the regional development plan of Sunchang-gun, Jeonbuk province.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.17-30
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• 2009

This study is concerned with suggesting a new clustering algorithm to evaluate the value of papers which were supported by research grants by Korea Research Fund (KRF). The algorithm is based on an extended version of a conventional PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) mechanism. In other words, the proposed algorithm is based on integration of k-means algorithm and simulated annealing mechanism, named KASA-PSO. To evaluate the robustness of KASA-PSO, its clustering results are evaluated by research grants experts working at KRF. Empirical results revealed that the proposed KASA-PSO clustering method shows improved results than conventional clustering method.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.277-281
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• 2012

This work is concerned with a plan for preventing accidents of CO gas leak from gas boilers, involving the enforcement of installations of both CO alarm system and condensing boilers, and financial support of government grants. If amongst 1,460,000 beneficiaries of basic livelihood security, one million households in use of gas boilers receive 3-year support of 200,000 won, the difference of prices between common and condensing boilers, the government grants would be 2,000 billion won. If 3 million common householders are in 3-year support of 100,000 won, government grants would be 3,000 billion won. Therefore, 3-year grand total of government grants would be 5,000 billion won. Finance for government grants can be purveyed from energy saving; yearly 2,000 billion won of energy saving by enforcing to replace one million existing boilers with condensing boilers, leading to 2 trillion won of energy saving for 10 years. In this way, 6,000 billion won of 3-year grand total of government grants for CO alarm system and condensing boilers can be purveyed. The rest amount would be fundraised for energy savings. We claim that our proposal can make an achievement of more than 50% reduction of CO leak accidents during 10 years.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.163-180
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• 2013

Purpose: In this paper, we analyzed the factors that affect research grants using linear regression analysis in order to increase the effectiveness of investments in national research projects. Methods: We collected 15,454 pieces of data on research projects that finished between 2008 and 2010. Data preprocessing and visualization were done to derive statistically significant results. We identified factors that affected funding by using linear regression, and estimated increasing or decreasing tendencies based on those factors. Results: We identified the relative importance of the factors in awarding research grants. Strategies were suggested for the reasonable estimation of R&D budgets for investment purposes. Conclusion: This study will assist the decision-making process of governments in estimating funds required for R&D projects.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.61-74
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• 1996

I had a chance to learn about grants made by British Library Research and Development Department in London and the Council on Library Resources in Washington in my studies designed to produce an institutional vision of supporting research and development in the field of library and information science in Japan. In this article, I have tried to elucidate contributions of the two agencies to the librarianship and research communities, reviewing their histories, management process and some features of research areas which meet their standards of providing grants.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.185-208
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• 2004

Production of goods and services always necessarily depends on the use of knowledge. The knowledge intensity of production , however, has increased manifold in the last two decades or so. This is clearly indicated by the rise in the share of knowledge intensive products, which are traded. The production and export of these advanced products are not confined to developed countries alone, but also among developing countries. But in the latter there is considerable concentration of it in a handful of countries primarily in the Asian region. Knowledge underlying production, whether industrial or non-industrial, embodies two types of knowledge: formal and non-formal. In this paper we are entirely concerned with the financing of the creation of formalized knowledge in the context of two similar Asian developing countries, namely Singapore and Malaysia. Three broad types of financial instruments are considered: research grants, tax incentives and venture capital. Both the countries are shown to be having very similar financial instruments for promoting innovation. The timing of these instruments is quite similar too. But one country has performed much better than the other. The main argument of the paper is that while financial instruments are a necessary input for innovation, the sufficient condition lies in the supply of a sufficient quantity of scientists and engineers.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

In this study, It is utilized 103 management panic data about social enterprises in Chungnam area (Chungnam, Daejeon, Sejong) region from 2011 to 2017. The organizational characteristics (organizational type, type of certification, company's region, external grants, paid employees) were set as independent variables with economic performance (sales) and social performance (employment of vulnerable class) as dependent variables. We analyzed the factors affecting the economic and social performance of social enterprises and confirmed the correlation between economic and social performance. The results of this study are as follows: First, the organizational characteristics of social enterprises showed a significant difference in sales as economic performance. External grants have no positive effect on the economic performance (sales) of social enterprises, while paid workers have a positive (+) influence on the economic performance. Second, the organizational characteristics of social enterprises showed significant differences in employment of the vulnerable class, which is social performance. Only the paid workers had a statistically significant relationship with the social performance of the social enterprise. Third, the correlation between economic performance (sales) and social performance (employment of the vulnerable class), which is the result of social enterprise, is shown. This can enhance a social enterprises' sustainable growth and self-sufficiency by improving the employment of vulnerable people, the economic performance of a social enterprise, which is sales and social performance, and ultimately can manifest the value and purpose of the social enterprise.