• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2011

반수체 육성은 육종연한을 단축시키기 위해 유용한 도구이다. 본 연구는 밀 품종 조기 육성을 위한 반수체 육종 시스템을 개발하기 위해 반수체 육성시 식물생장조절제 처리가 배 배양에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사한 것이다. 밀 이삭의 제웅 작업을 수행하고 옥수수와 원연교잡한 후 종자결실은 2,4-D 및 2,4,5-T 150 mg/L, dicamba 50 mg/L 처리에서 가장 좋았으며, 배형성은 2,4-D 및 2,4,5-T 100 mg/L, dicamba 50 mg/L 처리에서 양호한 결과를 보였다. 특히 배 형성과 반수체 생산은 2,4-D 100 mg/L에서 가장 양호한 결과를 나타냈으나 2,4-D 150 mg/L에서는 배의 발달과 재분화가 억제되었다. 식물생장조절제의 처리 시기는 옥수수 화분으로 수정한 후 24시간이 지난 후에 처리하는 것이 반수체 생산에 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었다.

• 법제연구
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• 제53호
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• pp.491-524
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• 2017

상법상 해난구조제도는 원칙적으로 불성공 - 무보수의 원칙에 따라 선박 등의 물건의 구조에 성공한 경우에만 피구조물의 가액의 한도 내에서보수를 지급한다는 한계가 있다. 따라서 위 원칙에 따를 경우, 구조자가해난구조를 위해 여하한 노력과 시간을 소비한 경우에도 물건의 구조가성공하지 못하면 구조료를 청구할 수 없고, 인명만의 구조에 대해서도 아무런 보수를 지급하지 않는다. 그러나 현행법상 인명구조에 관한 위와 같은 법리가 과연 정당한가 하는 점에 관해서는 비판적 견해가 유력하다. 특히 물건의 가치와 비교할 수 없는 인간의 생명의 구조를 물건구조와연관시키는 것도 적절하지 않을 뿐 아니라, 인명만의 구조에 대해 아무런경제적 보상을 제공하지 않는 것은 구조료의 제공을 통해 해난구조를 장려하고자 하는 상법상 해난구조제도의 취지와도 부합하지 않는다는 비판이 가능하다. 한편 수상구조법 제39조는 구조본부장 등의 구난구호종사명령에 따라 수난구호업무에 종사한사람에 대해 일정한 구난구호비용을 지급하도록 규정하고 있고, 이러한 수난구호비용에는 수난구호업무종사자의명령에 따라 조난된 선박 등과 그 여객 승무원의 수난구호에 종사한자의 노무에 대한 보수와 그 밖의 구조비용이 포함된다. 수난구호종사명령에 따라 수난구호업무에 종사한 사람에 대한 위와 같은 규정은 물건구조에 실패함으로써 상법상 아무런 보수를 청구하지 못하거나, 오로지 인명만을 구조한 경우의 구조료청구와 관련한 문제점에 대한 최소한의 보호장치로 작용하여 해난구조 및 수난구호를 장려할 수 있는 동기로 작용할 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 다만 하나의 구조행위로 인해 구조자가 상법상 해난구조료 및 수상구조법상 수난구호비용의 청구를 할 수 있는 경우에는 그 중 큰 금액만을 청구할 수 있다고 할 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2019

Background: Diabetic sensorineural damage is a complication of the sensory neural system, resulting from long-term hyperglycemia. Red ginseng (RG) has shown efficacy for treatment of various diseases, including diabetes mellitus; however, there is little research about its benefit for treating sensorineural damage. Therefore, we aim to evaluate RG efficacy in alloxan-induced diabetic neuromast (AIDN) zebrafish. Methods: In this study, we developed and validated an AIDN zebrafish model. To assess RG effectiveness, we observed morphological changes in live neuromast zebrafish. Also, zebrafish has been observed to have an ultrastructure of hair-cell cilia under scanning electron microscopy. Thus, we recorded these physiological traits to assess hair cell function. Finally, we confirmed that RG promoted neuromast recovery via nerve growth factor signaling pathway markers. Results: First, we established an AIDN zebrafish model. Using this model, we showed via live neuromast imaging that RG fostered recovery of sensorineural damage. Damaged hair cell cilia were recovered in AIDN zebrafish. Furthermore, RG rescued damaged hair cell function through cell membrane ion balance. Conclusion: Our data suggest that RG potentially facilitates recovery in AIDN zebrafish, and its mechanism seems to be promotion of the nerve growth factor pathway through increased expression of topomyosin receptor kinase A, transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily type 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.771-777
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• 2022

파킨슨병에서의 도파민 신경세포의 사멸 원인은 다양하며 별개의 유전적 요소와 환경적 요소들이 관여한다. 드물게 발생하는 유전성 파킨슨병에서 parkin의 돌연변이와 기능 상실은 주로 소포체 스트레스를 통해 중뇌 흑질의 도파민 신경세포를 특이적으로 손상시킨다. 상대적으로 일반적인 특발성 파킨슨병에서는 살충제 노출이 역학적으로 중요하다. 그러나 환경독성물질에의 노출과 유전성 파킨슨병의 연관성에 대해서는 잘 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 잘 확립된 중뇌 유래의 도파민 신경세포주인 N27-A를 사용하여 특발성 파킨슨병과 유전성 파킨슨병 사이의 공통된 발병 기작의 증거를 확인하였다. 특발성 파킨슨병을 유발하는 유기염소계 살충제인 디엘드린은 BiP/Grp78, 헴산화효소-1과 같은 소포체 스트레스 반응 표지자를 발현 유도하였고, 특히 parkin 단백질의 발현을 증가시켰다. 디엘드린이 N27-A 세포를 사멸시키는 과정에서 소포체 스트레스 특이적 세포사를 매개하는 Caspase-12의 활성화가 유의미하게 증가하였다. 흥미롭게도 디엘드린에 의한 N27-A 세포의 사멸이 소포체 단백질인 parkin과 Bcl-2의 과발현시 유의미하게 억제되었다. 본 연구 결과, 소포체 스트레스의 누적이 특발성, 유전성 파킨슨병의 공통의 발병 기작일 가능성이 있으며, 몇 가지 소포체 관련 단백질들이 디엘드린에 의한 도파민 신경세포 손상으로부터 보호 효과를 가지는 것으로 보인다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.314-329
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oocyte lipid droplets play a crucial role in meiosis and embryo development. Biotin is associated with fatty acid synthesis and is the coenzyme for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). The effects of a biotin deficiency on the oocyte lipid metabolism remain unknown. This study examined the effects of a biotin deficiency and its replenishment on murine 1) oocyte lipid droplet levels, 2) ovary lipid metabolism, and 3) oocyte meiosis. MATERIALS/METHODS: Mice were divided into 3 groups: control, biotin deficient (BD), and recovery groups. The control and BD groups were fed a control diet or BD diet (0.004 or 0 g biotin/kg), respectively. The recovery group mice were fed a BD diet until day 21, and were then fed the control diet from days 22 to 64. This study then quantified the oocyte lipid droplet levels, assessed the oocyte mitochondrial function, and examined the ability of oocytes to undergo meiosis. Ovarian phosphorylated ACC (p-ACC), lipogenesis, β-oxidation, and ATP production-related genes were evaluated. RESULTS: The BD group showed a decrease in lipid droplets and mitochondrial membrane potential and increased p-ACC levels. In the recovery group, the hepatic biotin concentration, ovarian p-ACC levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential were restored to the control group levels. On the other hand, the quantity of lipid droplets in the recovery group was not restored to the control levels. Furthermore, the percentage of oocytes with meiotic abnormalities was higher in the recovery group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A biotin deficiency reduced the oocyte lipid droplet levels by downregulating lipogenesis. The decreased lipid droplets and increased oocyte meiosis failure were not fully restored, even though the biotin nutrition status and gene expression of lipid metabolism was resumed. These results suggest that a biotin deficiency remains robust and can be long-lasting. Biotin might play a crucial role in maintaining the oocyte quality.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.763-777
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• 2022

Objective: Excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes results in prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Curcumin (CUR), a naturally phenolic active ingredient, has been shown to have lipid-lowering effects. However, its underlying mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Therefore, the study aims to determine the effect of CUR on cellular lipid accumulation in porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes (PSPA) and to clarify novel mechanisms. Methods: The PSPA were cultured and treated with or without CUR. Both cell counting Kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were used to examine cytotoxicity. Intracellular lipid contents were measured by oil-red-o staining extraction and triglyceride quantification. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-nick end labelling assay. Adipogenic and apoptosis genes were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results: The CUR dose-dependently reduced the proliferation and lipid accumulation of PSPA. Noncytotoxic doses of CUR (10 to 20 μM) significantly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and expression of adipogenic genes peroxisome proliferation-activity receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, adipocyte protein-2, glucose transporter-4 as well as key lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, while ERK1/2 activation significantly reversed CUR-reduced lipid accumulation by increasing PPAR-γ. Furthermore, compared with differentiation induced media treated cells, higher dose of CUR (30 μM) significantly decreased the expression of AKT and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), while increased the expression of BCL-2-associated X (BAX) and the BAX/BCL-2 expression ratio, suggesting triggered apoptosis by inactivating AKT and increasing BAX/BCL-2 ratio and Caspase-3 expression. Moreover, AKT activation significantly rescued CUR inhibiting lipid accumulation via repressing apoptosis. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CUR is capable of suppressing differentiation by inhibiting ERK1/2-PPAR-γ signaling pathway and triggering apoptosis via decreasing AKT and subsequently increasing BAX/BCL-2 ratio and Caspase-3, suggesting that CUR provides an important method for the reduction of porcine body fat, as well as the prevention and treatment of human obesity.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.639-652
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• 2022

The prolyl 3-hydroxylase family member 4 (P3H4), is associated with post-translational modification of fibrillar collagens and aberrantly activated in cancer leading to tumor progression. However, its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still unknown. Here we reported that P3H4 was highly expressed in renal cancer tissues and significantly positive correlated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of P3H4 inhibited the proliferation, migration and metastasis of renal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and also, overexpression of it enhanced the oncogenic process. Mechanistically, P3H4 depletion decreased the levels of GDF15-MMP9 axis and repressed its downstream signaling. Further functional studies revealed that inhibition of GDF15 suppressed renal cancer cell growth and GDF15 recombinant human protein (rhGDF15) supplementation effectively rescued the inhibitory effect induced by P3H4 knockdown. Moreover, decreased levels of MMP9 caused by inhibition of P3H4-GDF15 signaling constrained the expression of PD-L1 and suppression of P3H4 accordingly promoted anti-tumor immunity via stimulating the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in syngeneic mice model. Taken together, our findings firstly demonstrated that P3H4 promotes ccRCC progression by activating GDF15-MMP9-PD-L1 axis and targeting P3H4-GDF15-MMP9 signaling pathway can be a novel strategy of controlling ccRCC malignancy.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.227-239
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• 2023

Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability in more than 280 million people worldwide. Monoamine-based antidepressants are currently used to treat depression, but delays in treatment effects and lack of responses are major reasons for the need to develop faster and more efficient antidepressants. Studies show that ketamine (KET), a PCP analog, produces antidepressant effects within a few hours of administration that lasts up to a week. However, the use of KET has raised concerns about side effects, as well as the risk of abuse. 4 -F-PCP analog is a novel PCP analog that is also an NMDA receptor antagonist, structurally similar to KET, and might potentially elicit similar antidepressant effects, however, there has been no study on this subject yet. Herein, we investigate whether 4-F-PCP displays antidepressant effects and explored their potential therapeutic mechanisms. 4-F-PCP at 3 and 10 mg/kg doses showed antidepressant-like effects and repeated treatments maintained its effects. Furthermore, treatment with 4-F-PCP rescued the decreased expression of proteins most likely involved in depression and synaptic plasticity. Changes in the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT2, EAAT3, EAAT4) were also seen following drug treatment. Lastly, we assessed the possible side effects of 4-F-PCP after long-term treatment (up to 21 days). Results show that 4-F-PCP at 3 mg/kg dose did not alter the cognitive function of mice. Overall, current findings provide significant implications for future research not only with PCP analogs but also on the next generation of different types of antidepressants.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.471-480
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the regulation relationship of Ten-eleven translocation 1 (Tet1) in DNA demethylation and the proliferation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in chickens. Methods: siRNA targeting Tet1 was used to transiently knockdown the expression of Tet1 in chicken PGCs, and the genomic DNA methylation status was measured. The proliferation of chicken PGCs was detected by flow cytometry analysis and cell counting kit-8 assay when activation or inhibition of Wnt4/β-catenin signaling pathway. And the level of DNA methylation and hisotne methylation was also tested. Results: Results revealed that knockdown of Tet1 inhibited the proliferation of chicken PGCs and downregulated the mRNA expression of Cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), as well as pluripotency-associated genes (Nanog, PouV, and Sox2). Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the population of PGCs in Tet1 knockdown group displayed a significant decrease in the proportion of S and G2 phase cells, which meant that there were less PGCs entered the mitosis process than that of control. Furthermore, Tet1 knockdown delayed the entrance to G1/S phase and this inhibition was rescued by treated with BIO. Consistent with these findings, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was inactivated in Tet1 knockdown PGCs, leading to aberrant proliferation. Further analysis showed that the methylation of the whole genome increased significantly after Tet1 downregulation, while hydroxyl-methylation obviously declined. Meanwhile, the level of H3K27me3 was upregulated and H3K9me2 was downregulated in Tet1 knockdown PGCs, which was achieved by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion: These results suggested that the self-renewal of chicken PGCs and the maintenance of their characteristics were regulated by Tet1 mediating DNA demethylation through the activation of Wnt4/β-catenin signaling pathway.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.456-458
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• 2013

포획된 건강한 너구리들의 심전도의 기준값을 평가하는 것이 본 논문의 주된 목적이다. 41마리의 방목되고 있는 다 자란 너구리들이 강원대학교 야생동물구조센터에 의해 구조되었으며 본 논문에 이용되었다. 어떠한 화학적 보정도 사용하지 않고 6-유도 심전도를 측정하였다. 평균 심박수는 $146.10{\pm}43.31$ 박동수/분 이었다(95% 신뢰구간 132.84~159.36 박동수/분). 평균 호흡수는 $35.73{\pm}11.56$ 호흡수/분 이었다(95% 신뢰구간 32.19~39.27 호흡수/분). 평균 수축기 압력은 $136{\pm}29.26mmHg$ 이었다(95% 신뢰구간 127.99~145.91 mmHg). 모든 너구리들의 심전계의 특징들을 또한 평가하였다. P-파의 평균 너비와 높이는 $38.2{\pm}4.0ms$ (범위 28-40 ms) 와 $0.128{\pm}0.039mV$ (범위 0.09~0.20)이었다. QRS파의 평균 너비와 높이는 $48.5{\pm}7.2ms$ (범위 36-60 ms) 와 $1.330{\pm}0.650mV$ (범위 0.15~2.30)이었다. 평균전기축 (QRS)은 $-91^{\circ}{\sim}+96^{\circ}$ ($10^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}$; 95% 신뢰구간)이었다. 평균 교정 QT 간격(QTc)은 $273.7{\pm}32.7ms$ (범위 212-333 ms)이었고, PR간격은 $76.1{\pm}10.0ms$ (범위 50-82 ms)이었다. 본 논문은 포획된 건강한 너구리들의 심전도(ECG)의 기준값을 제공하는 최초의 논문이다.