• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was understanding the pressure ulcers and consider the physical therapy for pressure ulcers. Methods : This is a literature study with books, articles and poster. Results : We consider pressure ulcers can be treated with physical therapy which can promote healing process. Conclusion : Physical therapy in patients with pressure ulcers is required and among various physical therapeutic approaches, the method of general coordinative manipulation is considered more necessary.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2003

The performance of two vertical-blade eliminators (V1, V2) and two horizontal-blade ones (H1, H2) for absorption chillers were tested in terms of pressure drop and refrigerant entrainment. The test was carried out using a wind tunnel with a cross section of 300 mm$\times$300 mm. The pressure drop of four eliminators tested was found to be in the rage of 1.0~2.7mm $H_2O$ at the face velocity of 2m/s. In the refrigerant entrainment test the vertical-blade eliminators showed much better performance than the horizontal-blade ones. The horizontal-blade eliminators showed satisfactory results at the air velocity of 2m/s but exceeded the limit value at 3 m/s. Since the cooling capacity of a machine is lowered by about 2.5% at the pressure drop of 1 m $H_2O$, more researches are required to reduce the pressure drop in the eliminator.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2012

The pressure transient inside the passenger cabin of high-speed train has been simulated using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) based on the axi-symmetric Navier-Stokes equation. The pressure change inside a train have been calculated using first order difference approximation based on a linear equation between the pressure change ratio inside a train and the pressure difference of inside and outside of the train. The numerical results have been assessed for the KTX train passing through a 9km long tunnel of Wonju-Kangneung line at the speed of 250km/h assuming that the train is satisfying the train specification for airtightness required by the regulation.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.337-342
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• 2011

The pressure transient inside the passenger cabin of high-speed train has been simulated using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) based on the axi-symmetric Navier-Stokes equation. The pressure change inside a train have been calculated using first order difference approximation based on a linear equation between the pressure change ratio inside a train and the pressure difference of inside and outside of the train. The numerical results have been assessed for the KTX train passing through a 9km long tunnel of Wonju-Kangneung line at the speed of 250km/h assuming that the train is satisfying the train specification for airtightness required by the regulation.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2000

Hot precision forging with a back pressure was investigated for manufacturing of compressor parts made of Al-Si alloy. Disk-shaped blank made of Al-Si alloy was hot forged, and ribs were formed by loading back pressure on their top. The influence of the back pressure and die temperature on forgeability and properties of parts made of Al-Si alloy were examined. Using the F.E.M. simulation, we found the optimum vallue of back-pressure. The prototypes of scroll parts were forged into the near-net shape and satisfied the required properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.297-300
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• 2008

High pressure is involved during injection molding operation specially packing phase. Cracks in the mold are often occurred by high cavity pressure. In this study, structural analysis of mold has been performed using commercial softwares, Abaqus and Ansys, to investigate cause of crack in the injection mold. Structural analysis contains four cases: stress distribution according to the cavity pressure, stress concentration according to the boundary conditions, stress concentration for inter-locking design of mold, and stress concentration for distributed cavity pressure. Through this study it was observed that the locations of stress concentrations were coincident with locations of crack. Robust mold design is being required to withstand high cavity pressure.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.177-183
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to examine the incidence of pressure ulcers and associated factors, by inspecting the skin of newborn babies in a newborn unit or newborn intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: The participants were 101 newborn babies in either a newborn unit or NICU in D general hospital. The incidence of pressure ulcer was measured using the skin inspection tool for pressure ulcer, suggested by Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Results: Incidence rate of pressure ulcer was 19.8%, and 80% of the newborns with pressure ulcers were premature babies. The commonest region of onset was the ear (36.8%), followed by the foot (31.6%), occipital region (15.8%) and knee (15.8%). Those are the regions related to external medical devices like nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry. Factors related to pressure ulcers were gestational period of 37 weeks or less, hospitalization for 7 days or more, birth weight under 2,500 g and a low level of serum albumin. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the skin and underlying tissues of premature infants is at risk for pressure-related skin breakdown. As most pressure ulcers are caused by medical devices, nursing interventions are required to prevent further aggravation of the lesions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.1 s.173
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• pp.206-214
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• 2000

The pressure tube is a major component of the CANDU reactor, which supports nuclear fuel bundle and it's containment vessel. If a flaw is found during the periodic inspection from the pressure tube s. the integrity evaluation must be carried out. and the safety requirements must be satisfied for continued service. In order to complete the integrity evaluation, complicated and iterative calculation procedures are required. Besides, a lot of data and knowledge for the evaluation are required for the entire: integrity evaluation process. For this reason. an integrity evaluation system, which provides efficient of evaluation with the help of attached databases, was developed. The developed system was built on the basis of ASME Sec. XI and FFSG(Fitness For Service Guidelines for zirconium alloy pressure tubes in operating CANDU reactors) issued by the AECL, and covers the delayed hydride cracking(DHC). This system does not only provide various databases including the 3-D finite element analysis results on pressure tubes, inspection data and design specifications but also is compatible with other commercial database software. In order to verify the developed system, several case studies have been performed and the results were compared with those from AECL. A good agreement was observed between those two results.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.303-313
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire on the fuel economy of tractors as well as operational range of tractor engine in terms of engine speed and power when a 4WD tractor of 38.2 kW rated power at 2500 rpm is used for plowing and flooded-field rotavating in paddy fields. (1) Plowing operation required an average engine power of 9.6~13.5 kW which equals 25~35% of rated PTO power. Engine speed ranged from 1,320.4 to 1,737.4 rpm, work velocity from 3.4 to 4.8 km/h, and fuel consumption from 3.2 to 4.2 L/h, respectively. (2) Flooded-field rotavating required an average engine power of 11.5~18.5 kW which equals 30~48.4% of rated PTO power. Out of this 6.2~12.2 kW was used for PTO power. Engine speed ranged from 1,557 to 2,067 rpm, work velocity from 2.5~5.4 km/h and fuel consumption from 3.2~5.5 L/h, respectively. (3) Axle weight distribution, inflation pressure of tire and moisture content of soil did not affect significantly the specific volumetric fuel consumption but affected significantly the fuel consumption per unit area of operation. Fuel savings amounted to 65% in plowing operation and 20% in flooded-field rotavating when the axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire were optimally adjusted. (4) Optimal adjustment of axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire are expected to save fuel consumption by 10~65% per unit area of operation in plowing and 10~20% in flooded-field rotavating.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.403-415
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• 1998

The CANDU 6 reactor assembly consists of an array of 380 pressure tubes, which are installed horizontally in a large cylindrical vessel, the Calandria, containing the low pressure heavy water moderator. The pressure tube is located inside the calandria tube and the annulus between these tubes, which forms a closed loop with $CO_2$ gas recirculating, is called the Annulus Gas System(AGS). It is designed to give an alarm to the operator even for a small pressure tube leak by a very sensitive dew point meter so that he can take a preventive action for the pressure tube rupture incident. To judge whether the operator action time is enough or not in the design of Wolsong 2,3 & 4, the Leak Before Break(LBB) assessment is required for the analysis of the pressure tube failure accident. In order to provide the required data for the LBB assessment of Wolsong Units 2, 3, 4, a series of leak detection capability tests was performed by injecting controlled rates of heavy water vapour. The data of increased dew point and rates of rise were measured to determine the alarm set point for the dew point rate of rise of Wolsong Unit 2. It was found that the response of the dew point depends on the moisture injection rate, $CO_2$ gas flow rate and the leak location. The test showed that CANDU 6 AGS can detect the very small leaks less than few g/hr and dew point rate of rise alarm can be the most reliable alarm signal to warn the operator. Considering the present results, the first response time of dew point to the AGS $CO_2$ flow rate is approximated.