• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.397-404
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• 2001

The accurate representation of the colors of dyed fabric on a color CRT(cathode ray tube) screen is the basis for the automatic process in dyeing industry. In the former study, we had focused on the theoretically color matching method between CIE(International Commission on illumination) and RGB color coordinates, but In this study we tried simulating the colors obtained from fabrics on the color CRT by using experimental method. we obtained the following results. 1. We could simulate all of the color CRT by gamut mapping method, even though some of the KOSCOTE(Korea Standard Color of Textile) colors represented on the color CRT didn't exist in the region of color region 2. We could do conditional matching by CIE system, even though it was hard to do invariant matching the Red, Green, Blue phosphors of the color CRT because of the SPD(Spectral Power Distribution) which had been set up before. 3. We could simulate all the colors obtained from fabrics on the color CRT by matching those two color groups from KOSCOTE fabrics and color CRT using match algorithm and matching programs. 4. If we get over on obstacles by grafting CCM and CCK machines which have been used in educational and industrial areas by matching KOSCOTE with color CRT we will be able to invent color simulation system controled automatically.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.39-39
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• 2001

The accurate representation of the colors of dyed fabric on a color CRT(cathode ray tube) screen is the basis for the automatic process in dyeing industry. In the former study, we had focused on the theoretically color matching method between CIE(International Commission on Illumination) and RGB color coordinates, but In this study we tried simulating the colors obtained from fabrics on the color CRT by using experimental method. we obtained the following results. 1. We could simulate all of the color CRT by gamut mapping method, even though some of the KOSCOTE(Korea Standard Color of Textile) colors represented on the color CRT didn′t exist in the region of color region. 2. We could do conditional matching by CIE system, even though it was hard to do invariant matching the Red, Green, Blue phosphers of the color CRT because of the SPD(Spectral Power Distribution) which had been set up before. 3. We could simulate all the colors obtained from fabrics on the color CRT by matching those two color groups from KOSCOTE fabrics and color CRT using match algorithm and matching programs. 4. If we get over on obstacles by grafting CCM and CCK machines which have been used in educational and industrial areas by matching KOSCOTE with color CRT we will be able to invent color simulation system controled automatically.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2004

Hair style is an expression of beauty for individuals and at the same time a clear social representation. It may be regarded as a means of knowing social recognition about social values and groups of the moment. The hair style clearly discriminated so-called the new woman, emerged during Chosun's modernization, and the old woman. Thus the purpose of this study is to examine changes in social recognition about the behavioral style of the new woman by relating them with women' s movements and with changes in female education policies. Results of the study can be described as follows. First, the new women in the 1920s were evaluated positive as those who were leading struggles against Japan and enlightenment campaigns. But between the 1920s and the 1930s, those women were thought to be negative in that they were appearance-oriented, extravagant and sticking themselves to reality. Second, how a variety of social figures recognized short-hair was determined here through reviewing the mass media of the 1920s. At that time, some men were positive about short-hair like feminists while others denied the convenience of the hair style in life and were negative about the new women's individualism and pursuance of luxurious appearance. Third, there were both positive and negative social recognitions about short-hair in the 1930s. which were supported by the mass media of that time.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.597-609
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• 2008

In this paper, we will consider certain amalgamated free product structure in crossed product algebras. Let M be a von Neumann algebra acting on a Hilbert space Hand G, a group and let ${\alpha}$ : G${\rightarrow}$ AutM be an action of G on M, where AutM is the group of all automorphisms on M. Then the crossed product $\mathbb{M}=M{\times}{\alpha}$ G of M and G with respect to ${\alpha}$ is a von Neumann algebra acting on $H{\bigotimes}{\iota}^2(G)$, generated by M and $(u_g)_g{\in}G$, where $u_g$ is the unitary representation of g on ${\iota}^2(G)$. We show that $M{\times}{\alpha}(G_1\;*\;G_2)=(M\;{\times}{\alpha}\;G_1)\;*_M\;(M\;{\times}{\alpha}\;G_2)$. We compute moments and cumulants of operators in $\mathbb{M}$. By doing that, we can verify that there is a close relation between Group Freeness and Amalgamated Freeness under the crossed product. As an application, we can show that if $F_N$ is the free group with N-generators, then the crossed product algebra $L_M(F_n){\equiv}M\;{\times}{\alpha}\;F_n$ satisfies that $$L_M(F_n)=L_M(F_{{\kappa}1})\;*_M\;L_M(F_{{\kappa}2})$$, whenerver $n={\kappa}_1+{\kappa}_2\;for\;n,\;{\kappa}_1,\;{\kappa}_2{\in}\mathbb{N}$.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2017

Purpose: Dual-energy X-ray imaging is widely used today in various areas of medicine and in other applications. However, no similar technique exists for dental applications. In this study, we propose a dual-energy technique for dental diagnoses based on voltage-switching. Materials and Methods: The method presented in this study allowed different groups of materials to be classified based on atomic number, thereby enabling two-dimensional images to be colorized. Computer simulations showed the feasibility of this approach. Using a number of different samples with typical biologic and synthetic dental materials, the technique was applied to radiographs acquired with a commercially available dental X-ray unit. Results: This technique provided a novel visual representation of the intraoral environment in three colors, and is of diagnostic value when compared to state-of-the-art grayscale images, since the oral cavity often contains multiple permanent foreign materials. Conclusion: This work developed a technique for two-dimensional dual-energy imaging in the context of dental applications and showed its feasibility with a commercial dental X-ray unit in simulation and experimental studies.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

The purpose of the study was to determine if there was a difference in the Functional Ambulation Performance score of senior adults with or without a history of falls during walking at a preferred velocity. Twelve subjects with a history of falling (mean age=73.8) and eight subjects with no history of falling (mean age=70.4) participated in the study. Temporal and spatial parameters of gait were analyzed using the computerized GAITRite system. The GAITRite system integrates specific components of locomotion to provide a single, numerical representation of gait, the Functional Ambulation Performance score. The Functional Ambulation Performance score is a Quantitative means of assessing gait based on specific temporal and spatial parameters. Statistical analysis of the two groups demonstrated a significant decrease in Functional Ambulation Performance score for those with a history of falls. They had lower values for step/extremity ratios, mean normalized velocity, and greater values for step times, percent in double support. These results indicate that the GAITRite system can be useful in detecting footfall patterns and selected time and distance measurements of persons with a history of falls and the Functional Ambulation Performance score can be used as indicators of gait performance for senior adults with a history of falls.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.253-272
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• 2008

While relevant studies emphasize the significance of user-oriented indexing associated with fulfilling both topical and non-topical needs of individual users, a great number of operational retrieval systems supports only those searches related to subject attributes of the users' needs. Retrieval systems for presidential image collections are not an exception for such a restriction. Upon this reality. this study seeks diversification of access points for presidential images based on descriptors directly presented by potential user groups. Improvements of subject-based descriptors are suggested based on those descriptors identified.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.115-130
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• 2010

In the archival field, the last decade has witnessed much discussion on archives' broad responsibilities for social memory. Considering that the social role of archives has stemmed from postmodern thinking suggests a paradigm shift from viewing archives as static recorded objects to viewing them as dynamic evidence of human memory. The modern archives and archivists are products of nineteenth-century positivism, limiting their function to archiving written documents within stable organizations. The new thoughts on the social role of archives provide a chance to realize that traditional archival practices have preserved only a sliver of organizational memory, thus ignoring fluid records of human activities and memory. Archival description is the primary method for users to access materials in archives. Thus, it can determine how archival materials will be used (or not used). The traditional archival description works as the representation of archival materials and is directly projected from the hierarchy of organizational documents. This paper argues that archivists will need to redefine archival description to be more sensitive to atypical types of archival materials from various cultural contexts. This paper surveys the postmodern approaches to archival concepts in relation to descriptive practices. It also examines some issues related to representing historically marginalized groups in archival description who were previously neglected in traditional archival practices.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.79-97
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• 2004

We propose a permutation approach to the classic Behrens-Fisher problem of comparing two means in the presence of unequal variances. It is motivated by the observation that a paired test is valid whether or not the variances are equal. Rather than using a single arbitrary pairing of the data, we average over all possible pairings. We do this in both a parametric and nonparametric setting. When the sample sizes are equal, the parametric version is equivalent to referral of the unpaired t-statistic to a t-table with half the usual degrees of freedom. The derivation provides an interesting representation of the unpaired t-statistic in terms of all possible pairwise t-statistics. The nonparametric version uses the same idea of considering all different pairings of data from the two groups, but applies it to a permutation test setting. Each pairing gives rise to a permutation distribution obtained by relabeling treatment and control within pairs. The totality of different mean differences across all possible pairings and relabelings forms the null distribution upon which the p-value is based. The conservatism of this procedure diminishes as the disparity in variances increases, disappearing completely when the ratio of the smaller to larger variance approaches 0. The nonparametric procedure behaves increasingly like a paired t-test as the sample sizes increase.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.284-289
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• 2003

The narrow band-averaged transmissivity of $CO_2-H_2O$ mixtures is expressed by multiplying the transmissivities of $CO_2$ and $H_2O$. Applying the multiplication property of narrow band transmissivities for gas mixtures of $CO_2-H_2O$, the number of gray gases, required for accurate representation of the absorption characteristics by using the narrow band based WSGGM, is significantly increased. To reduce the computational loads by reducing the number of gray gases, we propose a gray gas regrouping process where the gray gases used for the WSGGM are regrouped into a specified number of groups according to the magnitudes of absorption coefficients. To evaluate the proposed WSGGM for gas mixtures, the radiative transfer problems through three-dimensional gas media are considered. The radiative source terms and the radiative heat fluxes obtained by using the proposed method are fairly well compared to those obtained by using the SNB model. The regrouping technique results in an excellent computational efficiency with minor loss of accuracy.