• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of nebulizer therapy with normal saline on thirst and sore throat among postoperative patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used with 50 participants. The experimental group received nebulizer therapy with normal saline every two hours for 10 minutes three times and wet gauze (n= 25), and the control group received only wet gauze (n= 25). Data were collected using the Numeral Rating Scale for Thirst and Sore Throat. Measurements were calculated before applying nebulizer therapy and total five times for 12 hours after treatment. Data were analyzed using the repeated measured ANOVA. Results: Thirst for the experimental group using the nebulizer therapy with normal saline improved more than for the control group (F= 3.06, p= .043). Sore throat was not significantly different between the two groups (F= 0.63, p= .565). Conclusion: Study results indicate that using nebulizer therapy with normal saline can reduced thirst for postoperative patients. So nurses can apply nebulizer therapy with normal saline to reduce thirst and to improve comfort for postoperative patients.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of study was to test the effect of lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise using elastic resistance on balance on elderly women. Methods: Twenty four women who were over 65 years old were randomly assigned to either the experimental group that received the exercise programme (n=12) or to the control group (n=12) that continued normal activities except programme. Exercises included the following 7 different activities; chair squat, knee flection, extension, hip flection, extension, calf muscle raise, ankle dorsiflection. All the participants were subject to 3 tests, including One-Leg Standing Test, Functional Reaching Test, and Up & Go Test. The measurements were made before the excercise, 4 and 8 weeks after the exercise. The data were analyzed by using the two way repeated ANOVA. Results: The results were as follows; As compared with change of balance capacity between groups, a significant difference was shown in the up and go test (p<.05), but not in balance performance clinical test of OLST (p>.05) and FRT (p>.05). Conclusion: The lower extremity muscle strengthening exercise using elastic resistance for the elderly women had some positive effects on the balance. Therefore this intervention can be broadly applied to other elders for preventing falls.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of a mentoring program as a strategy for the retention of clinical nurses. Method: Research subjects were 20 mentors, 20 mentees and 22 clinical nurses for a control group of mentees. A mentoring program was developed by an expert committee and applied to the experimental group for six months. Data were collected at three and six months after the application of the program from September, 2008 to March, 2009. Data were analyzed using $x^$-test, t-test, Repeated Measures ANOVA, One-way ANOVA in SPSS/Win 15.0 Program. Results: Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, empowerment, and carrier commitment in the mentees of the experimental group were significantly higher than the nurses of the control group. Intention of resignation in mentees of the experimental group were significantly lower than the nurses of the control group. Also, there were significant interaction between the groups and the times of measurements in all variables. Conclusion: The mentoring program showed positive impact on the variables for maintenance of clinical nurses. Recommendation: Based on these findings, retention strategies using mentoring programs were recommended to reduce clinical nurses' resignation and improve the competency of clinical nurses that leads to the productivity of nursing organizations.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.64-69
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• 2007

Aerostatic planar XY stages are frequently used as the main frames of precision positioning systems. The machining and assembly process of the rails and bed of the stage is one of first processes performed when the system is built. When the system is complete, the 2D position, motion, and stage flatness errors are measured in tests. If the stage errors exceed the application requirements, the stage must be remachined and the assembly process must be repeated. This is difficult and time-consuming work. In this paper, a method for estimating the errors of a planar XY stage is proposed that can be applied when the rails and bed of the stage are evaluated. Profile measurements, estimates of the motion error, and 2D position estimation models were considered. A comparison of experimental results and our estimates indicated that the estimated errors were within $1{\mu}m$ of their true values. Thus, the proposed estimation method for 2D position and flatness errors of an aerostatic planar XY stage is expected to be a useful tool during the assembly process of guideways.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.1924-1926
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• 2005

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is one of the promising representive of polymer gate dielectric for its high resistivity and sutible dielectric constant. PMMA (Mw=96700) films were prepared on p-Si by spin coating method. PMMA were coated compactively and flatly as observes by AFM. MIS(Al/PMMA/p-Si) structure was made and capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements were done with PMMA films for repeated annealing cycles at $100^{\circ}C$. 1-V measured at various delay times $(0{\sim}20sec)$ showed little change and the absence of hysteresis in the I-V characteristics with delay times, which eliminate the possibility of deep traps in the PMMA films. The observed thermal stability, smooth surfaces, dielectric constant, I-V behavior implies PMMA formed by spin coating can be used as an efficient gate dielectric layer in OTFTs.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.299-303
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• 1989

Authors have developed highly reproducible calibration method for the Micro-Selectron HDR Ir-192 system (Nucletron, Motherland). The new jig has a 10cm radius circular hole in the $30cm{\times}30cm{\times}0.2cm$ acrylic plate, and 5F flexible bronchial tubes are attached around the hole. The source moves along the circle in the tubes and the ionization chamber is placed verticaly at the center of the circular hole (center of the jig). Dose distribution near the center was derived theoretically, and measured with the film dosimetry system. Theoretical calculation and measurement show the error margin below $0.1\%$ for 1mm or 2mm position deviation. We have measured at 12 and 24 points of circle with 1, 6, 11 and 21 second dwell time of source in order to calculate the activity of the source. Measurements have been repeated daily for 50 days. The accuracy and the reproducibility are below $1\%$ error margin. The half life of the source from our measurement is estimated $73.4\pm0.4$ days.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.262-267
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• 2006

We verified the reproducibility of constitution by IGM and the agreement rate between sasang constitution by QSCCII and constitution by IGM. We analyzed the results of 64 subject who were judged as identical sasang constitution by repeated QSCC II. First, we compared the two results of constitutions by IGM hat peformed by one O.M.D(Oriental Medicine Doctor) at an interval of one year. Second, we examined hypothesis established by one O.M.D, that is about relation of constitutions by IGM and QSCCII, such as I type-Taeeumin, II type-Soyangin and III type-Soeumin in constitutions. There were no statistical significances in reproducibility of constitution by IGM. Although there was a tendency of relevance of sasang constitution by QSCC II with constitution by IGM, there was no statistical significance. Hypothesis that is established by clinical experiences must be verified by an effective statistical method. And there is a necessity to complement the method including mechanical measurements about constitution classification which are performed by a diagnosis relying on individual intuition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.632-639
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• 2004

In this paper, an inverse problem of glass forming process is studied to determine a number of unknown heat transfer coefficients which are imposed as boundary conditions. An analysis program for transient heat conduction of axi-symmetric dimension is developed to simulate the forming and cooling process. The analysis is repeated until it attains periodic state, which requires at least 30 cycles of iteration. Measurements are made for the temperatures at several available time and positions of glass and moulds in operation. Heat removal by the cooling water from the plunger is also recorded. An optimization problem is formulated to determine heat transfer coefficients which minimize the difference between the measured data and analysis results. Significant time savings are achieved in finite difference based sensitivity computation during the optimization by employing distributed computing technique. The analysis results by the optimum heat transfer coefficients are found to agree well with the measured data.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.65-70
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• 2017

The seismic performance of press fittings is studied, which is one of the weldless joints of stainless steel pipe used in the water piping of recent fire protection system. The piping of this study was constructed based on the piping connection reference of NFPA 13. The permissible displacement of the piping was set as the allowed amount which is given in the Building Structure Standard, and the measurements were repeated 10 times. The Von-mises stress of the piping was 2.48 and 1.25 times of the allowed amount of stress, which was less than the standard, noted three times on the NPPs Allowable Stress for Level D service loading. Therefore, the press fittings shows enough seismic performance.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2020

In this paper, 18 single-sized pervious concrete mixtures were tested. The mixtures were prepared by altering: the amount and type of binder, type of aggregate, and the method of compaction. Concrete was compacted in layers in one of five different consolidation techniques: with standard tamping rod, wooden lath, concrete cylinder, or vibration of 12 and 40 s. Tests carried out on the specimens were: slump, density, porosity, coefficients of permeability, compressive strength and splitting strength. The relationships between porosity-density and porosity-strength were established. Two mixtures were selected for the preparation of test slabs on different subgrades and their permeability was tested according to ASTM C 1701-09 Standard. By comparing laboratory and field tests of permeability, it was concluded that the subgrade affects the test results. Measurements on the test slabs were repeated after 1 and 2 years of installation.