• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2006

The present stuby was carried out to determine if Radix Glycyrrhizae extract exerts beneficial effect against the ischemia-induced acute renal failure in rabbits. Radix Glycyrrhizae was known to reinforce the function of the spleen and replenish Qi, remove heat and counteract toxicity, dispel phlegm and relieve cough, alleviate spasmodic pain, and to moderate drug actions. It's indications are weakness of the spleen and the stomach marked by lassitude and weakness; cardiac palpitation and shortness of breath; cough with much phlegm; spasmodic pain in the epigastrium, abdomen and limbs; carbuncles and sores. It is often used for reducing the toxic or drastic actions of other drugs. Rabbits were treated with Radix Glycyrrhizae extract via i.v., followed by renal ischemia/reperfusion. Fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate, lipid peroxidation and light microscopy were done to evaluate the beneficial effect of Radix Glycyrrhizae extract on ischemia/reperfusion induced acute renal failure. Renal ischemia/reperfusion caused increase of fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate increased in ischemia-induced animals, which was partially prevented by Radix Glycyrrhizae extract treatment. Ischemia/reperfusion increased lipid peroxidation, which was prevented by Radix Glycyrrhizae extract administration. And the beneficial effect of Radix Glycyrrhizae extract on ischemia/reperfusion induced kidney injury was shown through the light micrographic observation. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in ischemia-induced acute renal failure. Radix Glycyrrhizae extract exerts the protective effect against acute renal failure induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.510-513
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• 2008

Two dogs were referred due to vomiting, depression and anorexia after ingestion of xylitol gum. Both dogs were presented with hepatic failure and one dog had concurrent renal failure. Aggressive supportive treatment was performed, but these dogs died. Necropsy of one dog revealed acute hepatic necrosis, severe renal damages, and hemoperitoneum. This case report demonstrates potential hazard of xylitol toxicity for dogs with clinicopathological and pathological findings.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

Objectives : We investigated the repeated-dose toxicity of Wenpitang-Hab-Wulingsan(WHW), a Korean traditional medicine prescribed with twelve herbs, which has been used for the treatment of renal disease. Methods : WHW extract prepared by GLP company. WHW was supplemented by gavage at 0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day for 13-week consecutive days. We recorded the clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, organ weights, hematology, gross and histological changes in target organs rats and clinical chemistry analysis for all rats. Results : WHW extract at all doses was shown no mortality or abnormal clinical signs in rats during at the observation period. Furthermore, there was no difference in body weight and food-take consumption, organ weight, gross pathological findings, and urine analysis among the groups of rats treated with different doses of WHW extract. The hematological analysis and clinical blood chemistry data were revealed no toxic effects from WHW-treated rats. Conclusions : The results suggest that WHW extract in rats is a wide margin of safety on a acute toxicity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2019

Zingerone (ZGR), a phenolic alkanone isolated from ginger, has been reported to possess pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. This study was initiated to determine whether ZGR could modulate renal functional damage in a mouse model of sepsis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The potential of ZGR treatment to reduce renal damage induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery in mice was measured by assessment of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lipid peroxidation, total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity. Treatment with ZGR resulted in elevated plasma levels of BUN and creatinine, and of protein in urine in mice with CLP-induced renal damage. Moreover, ZGR inhibited nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ activation and reduced the induction of nitric oxide synthase and excessive production of nitric acid. ZGR treatment also reduced the plasma levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, reduced lethality due to CLP-induced sepsis, increased lipid peroxidation, and markedly enhanced the antioxidant defense system by restoring the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in kidney tissues. Our study showed renal suppressive effects of zingerone in a mouse model of sepsis, suggesting that ZGR protects mice against sepsis-triggered renal injury.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.211-219
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• 1996

The inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on nitric oxide production is not related to the immunosuppressive action of the drug, but to the renal toxicity and arterial hyper-tension. In this study the experimental interventions to reverse the inhibition of nitric oxide production by cyclosporin A in rat aortic smooth muscle cells were examined. CsA inhibited the accumulation of nitrite, the stable end product of nitric oxide, in culture media in a concentration $(0.1{\sim}100{\mu}g/ml)-dependent$ manner. The inhibitory effect of CsA on nitrite accumulation were not antagonized by arginine (10 mM), a substrate of nitric oxide synthase, nor by calcium ionophore A23187 $(7{\mu}M)$. Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, which enhanced iNOS induction at transcriptional level, completely reversed the inhibitory action of CsA on nitrite accumulation. However, PMA (2 nM) and PDB (50 nM), PKC activators, increased the inhibitory action of CsA on nitrite accumulalion. From these results, it is suggested that cyclic AMP-elevating agents may be candidates of therapeutic agents in prevention and treatment of renal toxicity and arterial hypertension induced by CsA. Among conventional antihypertensive drugs, calcium channel blockers and ${\alpha}-blockers$ are preferred to ${\beta}-blockers$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1768-1772
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• 2008

CW-270031 is a novel synthesized carbapenem antibiotic with a broad antimicrobial activity. Carbapenem antibiotics are well known for their nephrotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated the nephrotoxicity potential of this compound in rabbits, which are known for being more sensitive than other animals to renal insult. CW-270031 was administered to NZW male rabbits via an ear vein (200 mg/kg, single injection). Blood samples were collected on 2, 3, and 4 days after treatment. Urea nitrogen and creatinine in plasma were quantified. Four days after the treatment, all animals were autopsied and histopathological examinations were performed on their kidneys, revealing that cephaloridine and imipenem were highly nephrotoxic, and cefazolin had mild renal toxicity, whereas CW-270031 as well as meropenem and tienam had no toxicity to the kidney. The present findings suggest that CW-270031 is a potential carbapenem antibiotic with no nephrotoxicity.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1996

Exposure indices are important tools which enable scientists to reliably predict and detect exposures to xenobiotics and resultant cell injury. Since the de novo synthesis of stress proteins can be detected early after exposure to some agents, analysis of toxicant-induced changes in gene expression, i.e. alterations in patterns of protein synthesis, may be useful to develop as biomarkers of exposure and toxicity. The acute and chronic effects of cadmium(Cd, $CdCl_2$ 20 mg/kg) on Wistar male rats were evaluated concerning cadmium contents, tissues enzyme activity, HSP expression. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Less cadmium was absorbed through the digestive tracts, but the ratio of contents in renal to hepatic cadmium was higher at 8 weeks after treatment. 2. ALT(alanine aminotransferase), AST(aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, BUN(blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, the key indices of the clinical changes in hepatic and renal function were significantly changed by the cadmium treatment after 1 week in liver, after 4 weeks in kidney. 3. Enhanced synthesis of 70 KDa relative molecular mass proteins were detected in 2 hours after cadmium exposure, with maximum activity occurring at 8~48 hours. Induction of $HSP_{70}$ was evident at proximal tubules and glomeruli in kidney. Testicular cells produced enough HSP to be detected normally. From the above results, it could be concluded that $HSP_{70}$ induction by the cadmium treatment was a rapid reaction to indicate the exposure of xenobiotics.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 납중독에 의한 신장 기능 손상에 대한 스쿠알렌의 효과를 관찰하고자 하였다. ICR계 건강한 생쥐를 사용하여 납과 스쿠알렌을 복강 투여한 후, NO와 조직학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 실험군 설정은 다음과 같다. 실험군 1은 정상군, 실험군 2는 납 (30 mg/kg)만 처치한 군, 실험군 3은 납을 처치하고 스쿠알렌 (180 mg/kg)도 함께 처치한 군으로 각 실험군 당 생쥐 10마리를 사용하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 실험군 2의 경우, 미토콘드리아 신장, 사립체내막의 파괴, 소포체에서 리보소옴의 탈락이 24, 48시간동안 관찰되었고, 72시간부터 서서히 회복 되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 실험군 3의 경우 실험군 2에 비해 손상 정도가 덜 하였으며, 48시간 이후부터 정상군과 유사한 소견을 보였다. NO의 경우 실험군 2에서는 NO 수치가 감소하였다. 하지만, 실험군 3의 경우 정상군보다 NO가 증가하였을 뿐만 아니라 납에 의한 NO 수치 감소에 대해 회복 효과를 보였다. 위와 같은 결과로 보아, 스쿠알렌이 신장 근위세뇨관에 미치는 납 독성을 감소시키면서 빠른 회복에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.442-451
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• 2002

브롬(Br-)이온을 포함하는 지표수 또는 해수를 상수원 또는 어류양식용 물로 사용할 경우 소독, 살균을 위하여 오존(O$_3$)을 많이 사용한다. 이때 물속에 포함되어 있는 브름(Br-) 이온과 오존과의 반응에 의하여 독성물질인 Bromate(BrO$_3$-)가 산화 부산물로서 생성된다. 이 bromate의 생성반응에 대한 용액의 pH와 반응온도의 영향 및 bromate를 음용수중에 함유시키고 실험동물에 섭취시켰을 때의 생체독성에 미치는 기전을 관찰하였다. Bromate의 생성은 반응온도가 증가할수록 증가되지만, 낮은온도(15$^{\circ}C$)에서는 용액의 초기 pH가 3 인 경우는 초기 pH가 7, 10 인 용액의 경우보다 훨씬 적은 생성량을 나타내었다. Bromate를 음료수중에 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4g/L로하여 4, 12, 16, 20, 24주 투여하고서 신조직중의 지질과산화의 함량이 증가되었으며, 혈중 뇨소질소의 활성 및 뇨중 ${\gamma}$-glutamy-ltransferase의 활성은 대조군에 비하여 bromate의 투여로 현저히 증가되었으며, 뇨중 lactate dehydrogenase의 활성에는 별다른 영향이 없었다. Bromate의 투여로 xanthine oxidase 및 aldehyde oxidase의 활성은 bromate의 투여로 현저히 증가되었으며 glutathione의 농도 및 glutathione S-transferase의 활성도 대조군 보다 현저히 억제되었다. Glutathione의 생성계에 미치는 ${\gamma}$-giutarnylcystein synthetase의 활성은 대조군에 비해 bromate의 투여로 억제되었으며 glutathione redurtase의 활성은 별다른 영향이 없었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of application of pediatric hemodialysis system to dogs weighing less than 6 kg. Six healthy dogs (B .W, 3-6 kg) were used_ Experimental end-stage renal failure was induced by bilateral nephrectomy or bilateral ligation of ure-ters. Hemodialysis was performed when blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value increased over 90 mg/dl and every other day thereafter. Daily investigated parameters included clinical clinical signs such as vomiting, fecal appearance and activity and laboratory data such as PCV, WBC, RBC, BUN, creatinine, Ca, P, $Na^+ Cl^-and K^+$During hemodialysis treatment, BUN and creatinine values were measured hourly. Severe vomiting and inappetence were shown 2 days after infliction of kidney disorder and melena and mucous faces were observed 3 days. The signs were not corrected by hemodialysis treatment. Avel- age hemodialysis treatment time was $5.5 {\times} 0.7$,/TEX> hours until BUN value decreased to normal range. Abnor- mal hematological and electrolytes values were reduced within normal levels after hemodialysis treatments. The complications oft hemodialysis included vomiting, nausea, obstruction of intravascular catheter, tremor, seizure, temporary visual loss and continued decrease in PCV It is suggested that pediatric hemedialysis system can be applied to acute renal failure and acute toxicity. Further works on improvements in maintaining patency of catheter and in managing the complications of hemo- dialysis should be conducted.