• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.870-874
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• 2006

Purpose : Popular use of fetal ultrasonography has increased to detect congenital hydronephrosis(CH) which is the most common anomaly prenatally detected. We'd like to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of prenatally diagnosed CH and outcome of ureteropelvic junction stenosis(UPJS). Methods : The records of births between January 1994 and June 2003 in Chonnam National University Hospital(CNUH), and the records of children who were diagnosed with CH in the Department of Pediatrics of CNUH during the above period, were retrospectively analyzed. In the patients with UPJS, the initial anterior posterior diameters of renal pelvis(APD) were compared between the spontaneous regression (SR) and operation group(OP). In the SR group, sequential regression rates of APD were estimated. Results : Among a total 9,076 births, 231(2.54 percent) patients with 293 renal units were diagnosed as CH and 19(6.78 percent) renal units spontaneously regressed 3 days after birth. In 228 children(56 bilateral; 172 unilateral; total 284 renal units) diagnosed with CH in the department of pediatrics of CNUH, male(71.9 percent) and left kidney(69.2 percent) predilection were found and 78.1 percent of CH were caused by UPJS. The initial APD of the SR group(121 units) in UPJS was $7.8{\pm}6.28mm$, which was significantly smaller than the APD($26.8{\pm}12.14mm$) of the OP group(25 unit)(P<0.05). In the SR group, 81 percent spontaneously regressed within one year. Conclusions : In CH, male and left kidney predilection were found. UPJS was the most common cause of CH and initial APD in UPJS at 3 days of age was a good prognostic indicator. Close monitoring should be done for at least one year because most SR in UPJS regressed spontaneously within one year.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2000

Purpose: MCDK is regarded as a common cause of abdominal masses in children. And the presentation of the MCDK is usually a unilateral flank mass in the a newborn. Bialteral disease results in either fetal demise or necessity fer renal replacement therapy at birth. This study is designed to assess the clinical features and natural history of the unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. Patients and Methods: From January 1987 to January 2000 data were obtained retrospectively on 57 patients (28 boys and 29 girls, age ranged 1day-11years) who had a diagnosis of multicystic dysplastic kidney. The diagnosis of multicystic dysplastic kidney was confirmed by a combination of ultrasonography and radionuclide scan. Voiding cystourethrogram study in 31 patients were done to determine the condition of the contalateral kidney. Restllts: $84\%$ of the patients were diagnosed before birth by antenatal ultrasonography Clinical manifestations of children with postnatal diagnoses were palpable abdominal mass($3.5\%$), abdominal distension($17\%$), and incidental($10.5\%$). The abnormalities in contralateral kidney were hydronephrosis($21\%$), compensatory hypertrophy($12\%$), simple cyst($2\%$), bifid pelvis($2\%$). Surgical management was performed in 20 patients($35\%$) due to recurrent infection, for diagnostic purpose to differentiate from malignancy and abdominal distention. Follow-up in the remaining 37 patients continued (mean 18 months) and results of sonogram findings were involution change in 23 patients($40\%$) and no interval changes in 13 patient($23\%$). Conclusions : The apparent tendency to regression of the dysplastic kidney and no difference in the number of complications justify a conservative management rather than operative intervention except in associated severe complications such as urinary tract infection or rupture of cysts.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the amino acid and protein concentrations in amniotic fluid and the potency of the teratogenic effect of ethylenethiourea(2-imidazolidinethione, ETU) in the fetuses due to different dose amounts of this compound. The S.P.F. Sprague-Dawley female rats(10 weeks) were used in this study and these animals were divided into four groups; control group(25pregnant female rats), group I (dosed ETU from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at 10mg/kg/day), group II (dosed ETU from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at 30mg/kg/day), group III (dosed ETU from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at 50mg/kg/ day). 250mg/100mg ETU in group I, 750mg/100ml ETU in group II and 1,250mg/100ml ETU in group III were administered 4ml/kg 13.W by oral route. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The anomalies of the external examination werf meningocele in the head, kinky tail, clubfoot and sharp tail.(Meningocele, in group III, significantly increased from control value at p<0.001). 2. The skeletal variations and delayed ossification were Lumbar ribs, asymmetric sternebrae, asymmetric 13th rib and delayed ossification of skull. Asymmetric sternebrae(group III ) was significantly increased from control value at p<0.05 and delayed ossification of skull (group II and III ) were significantly increased from control value at p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively. 3. The internal soft tissue anomalies were hydroencephaly of 3th lateral ventricle, dilatation of ureter, dilatation of renal pelvis and cleft palate. (Hydroencephaly, 28.1% in group I, 88.3% in group II and 100% in group III ). 4. Protein values in amniotic fluids are not significantly decreased in 10mg/kg group but significantly(p<0.05) decreased in 30mg/kg group and 50mg/kg group from control group. 5. In the levels of amino acid in amniotic fluids, the levels of glntamic acid, iso-lencine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine of 10mg/kg group are significantly decreased from control group. In 50mg/kg group, except for glycine, valine and methionine, all amino acid levels are significantly(p<0.05) decreased from control group.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1211-1216
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• 2007

Excretory urography was performed on eight healthy minipigs to evaluate radiographic anatomical status and excretive function of the urinary tracts and to get an optimal procedure. The right and left kidneys were located in $T13{\sim}L4$and $T12{\sim}L3.5$, respectively. The left kidneys were located more cra-nially than the right. The everage lengths and widths of kidneys were $8.50{\pm}0.58$ $(mean{\pm}SD)$and $4.30{\pm}0.39$ cm on the ventrodorsal projection and $8.70{\pm}0.76$, and $4.10{\pm}0.40$ cm on the lateral projection, respectively. The lengths of kidneys were twice the width. When the lengths of kidneys were com-pared with lengths of the second lumbar vertebras, the ratios of kidney lengths to L2 lengths were $3.62{\pm}0.30$ on the ventrodorsal projection and $3.63{\pm}1.10$ on the lateral projection. The lengths and 쟝손 of renal pelvis including major calices were $4.01{\pm}0.46$, and 2.20{\pm}0.41$ cm, respectively. The lengths and 쟝손 of minor calices were $0.49{\pm}0.06$, and $0.10{\pm}0.01$ cm. The lengths and widths of the ureters were $12.25{\pm}2.05$, and 2.94{\pm}0.86$ cm. The nephrogram stage was reached in 3{\sim}5$ minutes, and the pyelogram phase in $5{\sim}15$ minutes individually after injection of contrast medium. The result of this study shows similar information and procedure of excretory urography for other laboratory ani-mals and leads to the potential use of this method for minipigs.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate clinical results of the tumor prosthetic replacement for pathologic fracture of the proximal femur with extensive bony destruction due to metastatic bone tumors. Materials and Methods: From 2005 October to 2006 October, resection of proximal femur and tumor prosthesis replacement was performed for metastatic bone tumors extensively involving trochanteric area in 6 patients. The mean age of overall patients was 61(range, 48~77). Mean clinical follow up was 10.5 months (range, 6~16). Primary tumor consisted with multiple myeloma in 2 patients, lung cancer in 1, breast cancer in 1, transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in 1, unknown origin in 1 patient. $MUTARS^{(R)}$ proximal femur (Implantcast, Munster, Germany) were used in all cases. The functional evaluation in the lower extremities was performed with Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 1993 scores. The degree of pain relief after surgical treatment was assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: At the final follow up, all of the patients survived. The mean lower extremities functional score of Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 1993 was 17.8(59.3%)(range, 12~25). VAS was improved to 2.5 from 8.5 after the surgical treatment. Ambulation was encouraged as soon as possible and mean duration after surgery for ambulation was 7.3(range, 3~16) days. Post-operatively, there was no surgical infection, periprosthetic fracture or loosening. Dislocation occurred in one out of six cases. Conclusion: Resection of proximal femur and tumor prosthesis replacement for metastatic bone tumors around proximal femur extensively involving trochanteric area seems to be safe procedure in view of post-operative complication, and effective for functional restoration as well as pain relief. Thus, it is accordant to the treatment principle of the metastatic bone tumors.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 1991

A clinical review of 31 cases of multiple myeloma which were diagnosed by criteria of the SWOG between May 1983 and February 1990 at Yeungnam University Hospital was done. The results were as followings : 1. The peak incidence was in 7th decade and male to female ratio was 1.8 : 1. 2. The most common presenting symptom at first diagnosis was bone pain (58%), but fever, dyspnea, dizziness and palpable mass were also noted. 3. The distribution of laboratory findings as following diagnostic criteria of Southwest oncology group(SWOG) : plasmacytoma on tissue biopsy was noted 6 cases, bone marrow plasmacytosis with more than 10% plasma cells was 22 cases, monoclonal globulin spike on serum electrophoresis was 24 cases, lytic bone lesions was observed 22 cases. 4. Initial clinical stages were classified as 2 cases in stage I, 3 cases in stage II, 26 cases in stage III(84%) 5. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed the distribution of IgG 64%, light chain 22%, IgA 10%. Kappa to Lambda ratio of 1.1 : 1. 6. Hematologic & biochemical fingins revealed anemia with <8.5% of hemoglobulin in 42%, hypercalcemia with < 10.6mg% of serum calcium in 22%, azotemia >2.0mg% of serum creatinine in 19%. 7. The multiple punched out lesion of bone x-ray examination were noticed skull(65%), rib(42%), L-spine(35%), pelvis(23%), T-spine(19%). The initial skeletal roentgenographic findings showed osteoporosis, osteolytic lesion and fracture in 55%, only osteolytic lesion in 23%, only osteoporosis in 10%. 8. Complications of multiple myeoloma, such as 10 cases of renal impairment, 8 cases of infection, 16 cases of compression fracture of spine were observed.