• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.260-264
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• 1997

This study was conducted with adult cockerels to determine whether dietary RNA affects feed intake and renal weight and function, and if the responses are similar to dietary adenine. Chickens were ad libitum fed a RNA diet (100 g/kg) or an adenine diet (9.1 g/kg) for 14 d and catheterized in right jugular vein, hepatic portal vein and both urethers, and saline together with para-amino hippuric acid and sodium thiosulfate was continuously infused into them to evaluate renal functions. Dietary RNA reduced feed intake and body weight, and dietary adenine increased kidney weight expressed as a proportion of body weight (P < 0.05). Feed intake and body weight on the adenine diet and kidney weight on the RNA diet showed similar though non significant tendencies. No calculi were detected in the kidney in chickens fed either the RNA or adenine diets. Plasma inorganic phosphate (IP), Ca and 1,25 $(OH)_2$ vitamin $D_3$ concentrations were increased by dietary RNA and adenine, although the increases of IP and Ca in adenine-fed chickens were not significant. Uric acid and urea concentrations in the blood plasma were unaffected by dietary RNA or adenine. Both dietary RNA and adenine increased renal blood flow rates 3.5-3.7 fold, renal plasma flow rates 3.4-3.7 fold and glomerular filtration rates (GFR) 2.9-3.0 fold (p < 0.01). Clearance of urea, IP and Ca were also enhanced by dietary RNA, but not by dietary adenine. However, neither RNA nor adenine affected uric acid clearance. Only IP clearance was significantly augmented at the glomerular level by dietary RNA (p < 0.05). Glomerular filtration of uric acid, urea, IP and Ca and reabsorption of urea, IP and Ca at the renal tubule were increased by dietary RNA and adenine (p < 0.05), whereas tubular secretion of uric acid was decreased by both dietary treatments. It is concluded that dietary adenine is effective in changing renal function and P and Ca metabolism in chickens.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.130-133
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and age by using dynamic computed tomography (CT) and Patlak plot analysis in dogs. Fifteen dogs were used in this study. CT-GFR study was performed under general anesthesia using propofol and isoflurane. 1 ml/kg dosage of 300 mgI/ml iohexol was administered at a rate of 3 ml/s during GFR measurement. CT-GFR was determined with a single-slice dynamic acquisition and Patlak plot analysis. The individual and global GFR values were calculated to plasma clearance per body weight (ml/min/kg). Bodyweight ($mean{\pm}SD$) ranged from 2.0 to 5.7 kg ($3.31{\pm}1.13$ kg). Age ranged from 3 years to 13 years old ($7.14{\pm}3.30$). $Mean{\pm}SD$ creatinine ($0.53{\pm}0.34 $mg/dl), phosphorus ($4.1{\pm}1.2$ mg/dL), and albumin ($3.3{\pm}0.3$ mg/dL) concentrations and urine protein-to-creatinine ratios (all ratios were < 0.5) were within reference ranges. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed small-sized renal calculi, mineralization, or renal cyst at eight dogs. The global CT-GFR ranges shown in this study was 2.57 to 6.60 ml/min/kg. In this study, there was no trend toward weight-adjusted CT-GFR with increasing age. We found no relationships between age-related kidney dysfunction in fifteen dogs. Small-sized renal calculi or cysts did not affect renal function in this study. However, it is thought that a large sample size may have been required to document an age effect.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of low-dose ketamine versus ketorolac in pain control in patients with acute renal colic presenting to the emergency department (ED). Methods: This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial. The initial pain severity was assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS). Then, ketamine or ketorolac was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg and 30 mg respectively. The pain severity and adverse drug reactions were recorded 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min thereafter. Results: The data of 62 subjects in the ketamine group and 64 patients in the ketorolac group were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was $34.2{\pm}9.9$ and $37.9{\pm}10.6\;years$ in the ketamine and ketorolac group, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean NRS scores at each time point, except for the 5 min, between the two groups. Despite a marked decrease in pain severity in the ketamine group from drug administration at the 5 min, a slight increase in pain was observed from the 5 min to the 15 min. The rate of adverse drug reactions, including dizziness (P = 0.001), agitation (P = 0.002), increased systolic blood pressure (> 140 mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (> 90 mmHg) was higher in the ketamine group. Conclusions: Low dose ketamine is as effective as ketorolac in pain management in patients with renal colic presenting to the ED. However, it is associated with a higher rate of adverse drug reactions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.630-633
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• 2020

Renal failure syndrome in wild mammals is infrequently reported. Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is a medium-sized rodent known to carry many diseases but rarely exhibiting renal failure. A six-month old female muskrat was submitted to our laboratory for pathological diagnosis, and necropsy revealed severe renal damage with sand-like lithiasis in the ureter, renal calculi, and hydronephrosis. All major organs, including the cerebrum, also showed systemic hemorrhage and calcification which may have been due to uremia induced by renal failure. Histopathologically, necrosis and microcalcification were detected in the renal cortex and the medulla, especially in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. Significant hyalinization of the glomeruli was also observed, and this suggested chronic nephritis. These findings would support mycotoxic effects, particularly on the kidney. Moreover, infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells was observed in the lung and of plasma cells in the spleen. The definitive cause of the toxic effects in this case of muskrat renal failure could be attributed to contaminated food.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2008

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an inborn error of purine metabolism resulting from hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) deficiency and leading to excess purine production and uric acid over-production. It is a very rare X-linked recessive disorder, characterized by movement disorder, cognitive deficits, and self-injurious behavior. However, because of the high incidence of calculi, patients may present for surgery of urinary tract, and have increased risk of difficult intubation, aspiration pneumonia, renal insufficiency or sudden death. We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome who underwent successive extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy under general anesthesia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2004

• International Neurourology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2018

Purpose: Augmentation cystoplasty (AC) is a surgical procedure used in adults and children with refractory bladder dysfunction, including a small bladder capacity and inadequate bladder compliance, and in whom conservative and medical treatment has failed. This study was aimed to determine the long-term outcomes of AC in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 42 patients (31 males; mean age, $14.2{\pm}6.2years$) who underwent AC for neurogenic and nonneurogenic bladder dysfunction, with a median $12.0{\pm}1.5years$ of follow-up. All patients underwent AC using the ileum with or without continent reconstruction. Pre-AC, concurrent, and post-AC procedures and complications were analyzed. Patients who underwent ureterocystoplasty, were lost to follow-up, or had less than 10 years of follow-up were excluded. The primary outcomes were the complication and continence rates, the post-AC linear rate of height and weight gain, and renal function. The Student t-test was used to evaluate between-group differences and the paired t-test was used to evaluate longitudinal changes in measured variables. Results: Renal function was stable or improved in 32 of 42 patients (76.2%), with a post-AC continence rate of 88.1%. Thirty patients (71.4%) required 72 procedures post-AC. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean percentile of height (P=0. 212) or weight (P=0.142) of patients in the pre- and post-AC periods. No cases of bladder perforation or malignancy were detected. Conclusions: We consider AC to be a safe and effective procedure that does not negatively affect future physical growth, while achieving a good rate of stable renal function. Patients need long-term follow-up to address long-term complications.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 1997

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of kidney and urinary bladder disease was performed in native Korea cattle. Ultrasonogaphic appearence of kidney and urinaryy baldder according to the growth were determined from 6 to 13 months by monthly examinations in 9 native Korean cattle. The kidney and urinary bladder were examined in standing position. The position, dimension, and structure of both kidneys were determined at 12 intercostal space and paralumbar fossa by use of ultrasonography. Ultrasonograms were obtained with 3.5 or 5.0-MHz sector transducer. The width and depth of the kidney, and the diameter of renal parenchyma and renal sinus were observed. Both kidneys were observedfrom the body surface until 8 months old age, but over the 9 months old age, only right kidney was easily accessible. The width of right kidney at the 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 months old age were 5.7, 6.3, 6.9, 7.6, 8.4, 9.3, 9.8 and 10.7 cm, respectively. The depth 5.8, 6.1 and 6.6 cm, respectively. The size of left kidney was similar to right kidney until 8 months old age. After the 9 months old age, only right kidney was easily accessible. The circumference of urinary bladder at the 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 months old age were 19.1, 21.7, 22.5, 23.0, 24.2, 25.3, 27.8 and 29.1 cm, respectively. Calculi in urinary bladder were observed by ultrasonography.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2008

Portosystemic shunt (PSS) was diagnosed in 43 dogs by mesenteric portogram from January, 2002 to June 2007 in Haemaru referral animal hospital. PSS was found in various breeds including Maltese, Miniature Schnauzer and Yorkshire Terrier and there was no predisposition in gender. In laboratory parameters, mean cell volume was lower than normal value in single shunt and alanine aminotransferase was higher than normal range in multiple shunts with clinical significance. Cystic calculi were found in over 50% dogs with PSS and even in 70.8% dogs with single shunt. In 81% dogs with PSS, extrahepatic single shunt such as portocarval type and portoazygous type was identified. Extrahepatic multiple shunt and intrahepatic single shunt were observed in 4 dogs, respectively. Gradual attenuation using ameroid constrictor was applied to 35 dogs with extrahepatic single shunt and the prognosis of these dogs were good except two dogs, which showed poor prognosis because of acquired multiple PSS and renal disease unrelated with PSS, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.191-197
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to analyze canine pyometra cases at Veterinary Medical Center of Chungbuk National University, and to identify prognostic factors of canine pyometra at the stage of diagnosis. Records of cases about intact female dogs presented to Veterinary Medical Center from 2005 to 2019 were used for analysis. A total of 147 intact female dogs with canine pyometra were analyzed from outpatients' caseload. Median outbreak age was 9.6 years (range, 8 months to 17 years). The highest prevalence of pyometra over 14 years was observed in Maltese (22.4%, n = 33). Urologic disorders (21.8%, n = 32) including acute renal failure and cystic calculi were the most frequently observed concurrent disorders in dogs with pyometra. In other cases of pyometra, tumor (15.0%, n = 29), cardiovascular disorders (15.0%, n = 22) and systemic disorders (10.9%, n = 16) were accompanied with pyometra. The concentrations of BUN, creatinine and glucose were higher than reference range in cases of poor prognosis. According to the binominal logistic regression analysis, prognosis in pyometra was related to abdominal distension (p = 0.036), urologic disorder (p = 0.016), gastrointestinal disorder (p = 0.001), and serum level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p = 0.045). This study describes that prognosis of canine pyometra can be predicted at the stage of diagnosis by abdominal distension, urologic disorder, gastrointestinal disorder, and serum level of BUN.