• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.2188-2208
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• 2023

Quality of Service (QoS) is a critical feature of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with routing algorithms. Data packets are moved between cluster heads with QoS using a number of energy-efficient routing techniques. However, sustaining high scalability while increasing the life of a WSN's networks scenario remains a challenging task. Thus, this research aims to develop an energy-balancing component that ensures equal energy consumption for all network sensors while offering flexible routing without congestion, even at peak hours. This research work proposes a Gravitational Blackhole Search Optimised splay tree routing framework. Based on the splay tree topology, the routing procedure is carried out by the suggested method using three distinct steps. Initially, the proposed GBSO decides the optimal route at initiation phases by choosing the root node with optimum energy in the splay tree. In the selection stage, the steps for energy update and trust update are completed by evaluating a novel reliance function utilising the Parent Reliance (PR) and Grand Parent Reliance (GPR). Finally, in the routing phase, using the fitness measure and the minimal distance, the GBSO algorithm determines the best route for data broadcast. The model results demonstrated the efficacy of the suggested technique with 99.52% packet delivery ratio, a minimum delay of 0.19 s, and a network lifetime of 1750 rounds with 200 nodes. Also, the comparative analysis ensured that the suggested algorithm surpasses the effectiveness of the existing algorithm in all aspects and guaranteed end-to-end delivery of packets.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-45
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• 1989

This study aims at helping cerebrally palsied children to overcome and minimize their sufferings, inducing them to perform ordinary activities of daily living for themselves by coducting ADL Tests which are fundamental activities in daily life and presenting treatment plan for their overall rehabilitation and basic data for achieving the training objective. For that purpose, 173 cerebrally palsied children were selected and given ADL performance Tests from Dec. 1987 to Oct. 1988 and the following results were obtained. 1. Correlation coefficients for each ADL category indicated significant statistical value at .01 level. 2. Correlation coefficient between school-year variable and ADL category variable was significant at .01 level. 3. Correlation between age variable and ADL variable category proved significant at .01 level as well. 4. Correlation coefficients between each category in terms of functional state of extremities were significant at .01 level. 5. The difference in ADL achievements between each category by school year were as follows ; 1) In the category of meeting nature's tall, the age span of more than 4 school years showed statistical significance. 2) In the category of putting off and on clothing, the age span of 3 school years indicated statistical significance. 3) In taking meals statistical significance was found in the age span of 4 school years. 4) In finger movements the age span of more the 4 school years indicated statistical significance. 5) In walking activities statistical significance was noticed in the age span of 2 or 3 school years. Besides, in category by school year, and exceptional case was noticed that the 6th graders were lower than the 5th graders in self-reliance rate. 6. the difference in ADL achievements by type of palsy, children of triplegia were the lowest, while those of monoplegia were the highest. 7. The difference in ADL achievements by kind of palsy, patients of athetosis showed lower rate of self-reliance than those of spasticity, and particularly the latter showed a high rate of self-reliance in taking meals$(83.5\%)$. The former were relatively low in self-reliance and lowerst in meeting nature's call $(59.8\%)$.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.580-594
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• 2021

본 논문의 목적은 울산광역시 지역자활센터의 자활사업이 참여자들의 자립의지, 참여 만족도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 한다. 연구 대상은 울산광역시 5개 구·군 자활참여자들에게 설문지를 2020년 10월 1일부터 30일까지 조사하여 최종 233부가 분석에 사용되었다. 연구결과, 첫째, 정부나 지자체, 행정복지센터에 대한 지원 정도 조사 결과, 긍정적 답변(보통 포함) 비율이 71.7%로 양호한 것으로 파악되었다. 둘째, 향후 지원받고 싶은 서비스에 대한 응답으로 생계비 지원, 보건 의료비 지원 등 순으로 나타났으며, 성별 차이 분석 결과 자녀 교육비 지원과 주택자금 지원은 유의미한 차이로 확인되었다. 참여자의 심리적 자립의지 요인 중 근로의욕이 가장 많은 변화 요인으로, 자신감, 자아 통제력 순으로 조사되었다. 참여 만족도는 전반적으로 불만족스럽지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 급여, 근무시간 등 9가지 만족도 항목 중 일에 대한 전반적인 만족도가 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2018

연구목적 만성정신질환자들의 회복 및 사회적 복귀를 돕기 위해 주거시설 서비스가 제공되고 있지만, 집단적인 보호방식 및 획일화된 훈련 등으로 인해 문제가 되고 있다. 이에 주거훈련시설에 대한 연구 참여자들의 기대 및 욕구를 알아보기 위해 조사 연구가 이루어졌다. 방 법 안산 지역 내 정신보건 기관을 이용하는 만성정신질환자 139명을 대상으로, 설문을 통해 인구사회적 특성, 자립의지, 원하는 주거 시설 형태 및 주거 서비스에 대해 조사하였다. 결 과 과반수이상이 자립에 대한 욕구를 보였으며, 이를 위해 일자리 지원을 가장 필요로 했다. 주거 시설 이용에 대해서는 긍정적인 태도를 보였으며, 일상생활 및 사회기술 훈련이 필요하다고 하였다. 시설형태는 주간재활방식을 선호했고, 주중에는 공동생활을 하다가 주말에는 집으로 귀가하는 운영방식을 원했다. 결 론 주거훈련시설 참여와 관련하여 실제 이용자들의 욕구가 실질적인 치료 및 재활프로그램에 반영될 수 있도록, 주거훈련시설 및 재활서비스의 개선이 필요하겠다.

• 한국초등상담교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초등상담교육학회 2004년도 학술대회
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• pp.223-245
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in depression, irrational faith and the school adaptation of elementary school students by their sex and region, to provide basic materials to teach children with the likelihood to be depressed by analyzing the correlation of depression, irrational faith and school adaptation, and help them to have healthy emotion and behaviors. To achieve these goals, following agenda were set. First, what are the differences in the depression, the irrational faith and the school adaptation of elementary school students by their sex and region? Second, what is the relationship between the depression characteristics and the irrational faith of elementary school students? Third, what is the relationship between the irrational faith and the school adaptation of elementary school students? Fourth, what is the relationship between the depression characteristics and school adaptation of elementary school students? : To resolve these agenda, the subjects were selected from Grade 6 students from the elementary schools locatec in Suwon and Hwaseong. The jubjects were selected from the two schools in Suwon and three schools in Hwaseong which were randomly chosen. The subjects were 670 in total. 70 insincere answers were excluded from the analysis. Therefore the subjects used in the analysis were 600 in total(150 male and female students in city respectively and 150 male and female students in rural area respectively). The tools used for this study were Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Irrational Faith Test (over-self-reliance, dichotomy, determinism, over-concern, evasive faith, over dependent faith), School Adaptation Test (Attitudes to teachers and school environments, hobbies and specialties, academic achievements, peer relationship). Materials were processed with the SPSS program for ANOVA and correlation analysis. All the statistical values were verified at .05 level. The followings are the results of the analysis of the collected data. First, in the analysis of depression, there was significant difference between male and female students (F=4.75, p<.05). Female students (X =56.93) showed a little higher value than male students (X =53.83). There was significant difference between regions (F=13.02, p<.001), too. Rural area students (X =57.93) showed higher value than city area students (X =52.82). When analyzing irrational faith, there was significant difference between male and female students (F=S.60, p<.05). Female students (X =81.32) showed a little higher value than male students (X =77.72). There was no significant difference according to regions. When analyzing the school adaptation, there was no significant difference according to either sex or region. Second, depression and irrational faith showed highly positive correlations in all areas. In particular, over concern and evasive faith showed the highest correlation with depression inclination (r=.68, p<.001). When looking into the results by sex and by region, female students (r=.70, p<.001) and the rural area students (r=.69, p<.001) showed higher correlation between depression and irrational faith than male students and city area students (r=.63, p<.001). Additionally, in all areas including by sex and by region, a positive correlation was shown. In all variables such as male students (r=.63, p<.001), female students (r=.72, p<.001), city area students (r=.66, p<.001), and rural area students (r=.69, p<.001), over concern and evasive faith showed the highest correlation with depression inclinations. Third, irrational faith (overall) and its sub factors such as over-self-reliance, dichotomy, determinism, over-concern and evasive faith had significant negative correlations with school adaptation (overall) and its sub factors in the scope of $r=-.27{\sim}-.52$. Determinism out of the sub factors of the irrational faith had the highest negative correlation with school adaptation (overall) and sub factors at the scope of $r=-.37{\sim}-.51$. However, over-self-reliance showed the negative correlation with school adaptation (overall) and its sub factors only partially. When looking into the results by gender, both genders showed significant negative correlation between irrational faith (overall) and its sub factors with school adaptation. Male students showed highly negative correlations with school adaptation (overall) and its sub factors in determinism ($r=-.35{\sim}-52$) and over-concern and evasive faith($r=-.31{\sim}-.51$), and fern ale students showed in over-self-reliance ($r=-.27{\sim}-.45$). However over-self-reliance showed negative correlation with school adaptation and its sub factors only partially. When looking into by region, both city and rural areas showed significant negative correlation between irrational faith (overall) and it sub factors, and school adaptation. Rural areas showed higher negative correlation in irrational faith (overall) ($r=-.39{\sim}-.53$) and over-self-reliance ($r=-.32{\sim}-.44$) and dichotomy ($r=-.28{\sim}-.39$) than city areas. However over-self-reliance showed negative correlation with school adaptation and its sub factors only partially. Fourth, depression and school adaptation showed the negative correlation in all areas. In particular, academic achievements and peer relationship showed the highest negative correlation with depression (r=-.53 p<.001). When looking into the results by sex and by region, female students (r=-.62, p<.001) and rural area students (r=-.61, p<.001) showed higher negative correlation with depression and school adaptation than female students (r=-.56, p<.001) and city area students (r=-.57, p<.001). Although there was negative correlation in all areas by sex and by region, male students (r=-.52, p<.001) and rural area students (r=-.56, p<.001) showed the highest negative correlation in peer relationship and female students (r=-.57, p<.001) and city area students (r=-.56, p<.001) showed the highest negative correlation in academic records. Based on the results of the study, it is proposed to provide elementary school students sho are likely to be depressed very easily with careful counselling and teaching based on the attention and love in school fields so that they can adapt themselves to home, school and society with positive and reasonable thinking.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제41권
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• pp.68-92
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of social welfare expenditure in local government. The period of 1995 through 1998 data in Seoul, 6 other metropolitan areas, and 9 provinces (Do) were selected and pooled as unit of analysis and total 8 independent variables were selected based on the theoretical background and previous studies. The pooled cross-sectional time-series regression using SPSS program was adapted for the analysis. Among selected independent variables, the rate of economic expenditure to the local government expenditure, the rate of financial self-reliance, and the increase rate of social welfare expenditure to the previous year has been played a significant role in the rate of social welfare expenditure to the total expenditure. Both the rate of economic expenditure and rate of financial self-reliance have had a negative impacts on the rate of social welfare expenditure and the increase rate of social welfare expenditure have affected the rate of social welfare expenditure positively. Therefore, the variables based on the economic constraint theory as well as incrementalism perspective gives greater explanatory power of the social welfare expenditure than the variables on the political choice theory in Korean local government.

• 복식
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyse the fashion image behind the colour black formed by existentialism in the 20th century. Human beings started to ask themselves questions about their nature and existence by undergoing two world wars in the 20th century. Existentialism was born out of these philosophical thoughts and in particular, French existentialists led the public discourse of the time and expressed their philosophical thoughts and ideas through black fashion. Therefore we revealed the existentialistic meanings of black by studying the French existentialist ideology and their black fashion. The thoughts of existentialism became popularized in France by French philosophers. Sartre especially played a big role in the popularization of existentialism in France. The black fashion worn by existentialists became popularized along with the ideology that it expressed. Sartre's thoughts on existentialism are summarized in existence Precedes Essence, self-reliance, and engagement. From these, the fashion image behind the colour black formed by existentialism was analogized to resistant image, nihilistic image and self-reliance image.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.1216-1223
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• 2008

Displacement control of earth retaining wall is recognized as the most important item for insuring the stability of ground in urban deep excavation site near by major structure such as subway etc. The field monitoring system is classified by two types as manual system and automatic system. The application case of latter type of field monitoring is increased because real time measurement is possible in automatic system and that is correspondent with the recent constructional trend. Though the automatic monitoring system is more useful and advanced than manual monitoring system, accuracy of the system is not verified sufficiently. It was examined that the reliance of automatic monitoring system in this paper through the comparison of monitoring result obtained three urban excavation site in which the each type of monitoring system was executed concurrently. Result of the examination is that the two types of monitoring system is generally alike in view of monitoring result, so the engineering reliance of automatic system was confirmed in case site. This task was researched in restricted case site, it is expected more precise analysis from security of more data monitored and progressive study.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.177-197
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• 2009

In this study we presented the plans to activate the Internet Shopping Mall for GWmart under its present situation recording a rapid growth in sales and recognized as a local new distribution channel since its early stage, using the analysis that affects the purchases of consumers. On studying the reliance of a shopping mall, only the shopping mall image and the efficiency in providing information are significant. Regarding the concentration on the shopping site by shoppers, what becomes significant are the efficiency in providing information and the convenience in searching for products, which is one of the important factors in increasing sales, does not affect the reliance of a shopping mall and the concentration on the shopping site by shoppers. Therefore, this finding suggests that it is not easy to access the internet shopping mall when consumers go shopping for certain products. Because of this, it is necessary to change the design and structure of internet shopping mall to focus on the consumers. Moreover, this study showed that the efficiency in providing information to customers and the image of the shopping mall do not affect the consumers' intention to purchase, which means that shopping mall lacks in its information service and the management of its structure. To address this, it is required to advance the User Interface and contents of internet shopping mall.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2008

Various techniques of business innovation such as MRP, ERP have been introduced, which has offered many advantages to the foodservice industry. However, these techniques optimized only a part not for the whole supply chain. For overcoming this problem, companies introduced SCM(Supply Chain Management). Since SCM research for restaurant business hasn't been widely studied, this research focuses on the relation between purchasers and suppliers in the domestic restaurant business. It divided the types of purchaser-supplier relationships in the foodservice industry and studied the influences that partnership factors have for the results. The SCM achievement was divided into asset management, job efficiency and customer satisfaction sharing, reliance/cooperation, professional technology and relation concentration. Under these factors, it looked into the difference that partnership affects SCM achievement. It made it easy to understand the importance by practically analyzing the relation of partnership factors extracted by SCM achievement and investigation suggested by the previous researches. It was found that the partnership factors such as extracted information sharing, reliance/cooperation, professional technology, and relation concentration positively affect the SCM achievement such as asset management, job efficiency and customer satisfaction.