• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.621-632
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were as follows. First is to compare the importance of operational factors to determine types of school breakfast program, and second is to do the preference analysis of operation-related people depending on the attributes and levels of the operation of school breakfast program. The questionnaires developed for this study were distributed to 134 school dietitians, 114 school foodservice officials at the educational board, 68 staff members of foodservice contractors and 493 parents. Statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS/WIN 12.0 for descriptive statistics and conjoint analysis. The conjoint design was applied to evaluate the hypothetical foodservice types. According to the analysis on the attributes and levels of the school breakfast operation, the relative importance of each attribute was as followsprice (36.30%), menu (29.60%), foodservice staff (22.54%), serving type (11.55%) to school dietitians, price (34.99%), menu (28.15%), foodservice staff (23.52%), serving type (13.35%) to school foodservice officials at the educational board, menu (30.55%), price (30.24%), foodservice staff (28.75%), serving type (10.47%) to staff members of foodservice contractors and price (36.34%), menu (29.73%), foodservice staff (21.01%), serving type (12.92%) to parents. The results of the conjoint analysis indicated that the school dietitians and school foodservice officials at the educational board preferred the school breakfast operation program with 3 traditional menus and 2 convenience menus per 5 day, $1{\sim}3$ foodservice staff, with a price range of $1501{\sim}2000won$, and tray serving. Staff members of foodservice contractors preferred the school breakfast operation program with 3 traditional menus and 2 convenience menus per 5 day, $1{\sim}3$ foodservice staff, with a price range of $2501{\sim}3000won$, and tray serving. Parents preferred the school breakfast operation with 5 traditional menus per 5 day, $6{\sim}7$ foodservice staff, with a price range of $2501{\sim}3000won$, and tray serving. About a half of school dietitians considered that elementary schools were appropriate for the suggested school breakfast operation program. But, 68.2% of school foodservice officials at the educational board, 69.1% of staff members of foodservice contractors, and 38.1% of parents considered high schools to be the suitable model. Therefore, it indicated the need to recognize the different opinions among breakfast operation-related people and take these factors into consideration in developing the school breakfast program.

• 산업혁신연구
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.133-163
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• 2020

This study is designed to see whether overpriced IPO is caused from firm's earnings management, and how effects this to IPO firm's long-term performance. To examine addressed above, we take a look into how firm's earning quality listing on Korea Exchange in 2007 through 2016 is related with long-term stock performance post IPO. Especially, we measure how associated the disparate ratio between offer price and fair price with earnings quality and long-term performance. To examine these three factors, 'three-step mediated regression analysis method' is used. Earnings quality's calculated by discretionary accruals. Disparate ratio is calculated with offer price and estimating share price's rate measured by applying relative valuation model. To sum up, it is as follows. At first, as earnings quality gets high, the disparate ratio between offer price and fair price gets reduced. Secondly, as earnings quality gets high, firm's long term stock performance follows high. At last, as the disparate ratio between offer price and fair price gets increased, firm's long-term stock performance gets decreased. Moreover, mediation effect of the disparate ratio between offer price and fair price is partially found. Thus, it addresses that raised earnings revision before listing is resulted in overpricing of the IPO, and it also leads to poor long term stock performance. This study contributes that empirical analysis is applied to examine long-term under performance using disparate ratio between offer price and fair price. Moreover, this is useful not only to alert investors to risky investing pattern, but to provide informative reference to financial institutions in making policies or decisions about IPO.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.308-317
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify combinations of factors, with regard to the use of restaurants by tourists, and to establish the relative importance of these factors in terms of their contribution to the total usage. Of 250 questionnaires, 209 were utilized for analysis in this study. Crosstabs, conjoint analysis, paired-samples t-test, k-means cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA analysis, and the Friedman test were used for the statistical analysis. The findings from this study were as follows: First, the Pearson's R and Kendall's tau statistics show that the model fits the data well. Second, it was found that 209 tourists most preferred restaurants that provided excellent quality traditional food, with a high quality of service, at a cheap price for the suburb. The 81 tourists of the first cluster most preferred restaurant that provided excellent quality fusion food, at a cheap price for the suburb. The 65 tourists of tile second cluster most preferred restaurant that provided average quality national food, at an expensive price for the suburb. The 63 tourists of the third cluster most preferred restaurant that provided excellent quality traditional food, at a reasonable price for the suburb. Third, it wis found that all tourists and the three clusters groups regarded both the type of food and its price to be very important factors. Finally, the results used in this study have provided some insight into the types of marketing strategies and tourism policies that may be successfully used by the operators and policymakers managing a location, the quality, price and type of food, and quality of service required by tourists dining at restaurants.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to review the empirical study results of conversion factors(unit prices) for relative values of health care services in the national health insurance system and establish optimal classification of health care institutions for feasible contract of conversion factors between National Health Insurance Corporation(NHIC) and provider groups, based on legal backgrounds and types of health care service delivery system. some empirical research evidences shows the validity of applying multiple conversion factors to annual contract for reimbursement in the national health insurance. Policy recommendations suggest that clinic, hospital, general hospital, tertiary hospital, dental clinic, oriental medical clinic, pharmacy, and public health centers would be a basic category of provider groups for a meaningful price contract between the NHIC and providers.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2003

Group buying is one of the most popular transaction patterns on the internet at least in Korea. Nevertheless, it is hard to find academic researches for it in view of consumer behavior. In this paper, we analyze factors which determine consumer's attitude toward and intention of participation in Internet group buying by comparison of Internet individual one. For this purpose, we propose “lowering price”, “decreasing risk” and “reducing transaction cost” as relative advantages and "lack of product assortment" and "delay of time" as relative disadvantages over individual buying on the Internet. For empirical test, Internet users who have some experiences of individual buying but not group ones on the Internet are surveyed and analyzed. In result, a satisfying model fitness for structural equation model is derived and most hypotheses except the relationship between "decreasing risk" and "attitude toward Internet group buying" are accepted. Our results provide not only academic contribution by suggestion of a research framework but also practical insight by discussion of diverse features in Internet group buying.verse features in Internet group buying.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-169
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• 2004

This study attempted to identify relative evaluation to its attributes and improvement of consumer's demand in the Environment-Friendly Agricultural Products(EFAP). To identify the consumption patterns of EFAP, a series of household surveys were conducted for housewives residing in Seoul and its metropolitan area(Bundang and Ilsan). the sample size of the survey is 366 respectively. This study operated relative evaluation of EFAP by Multi-Demential Scales(MDS) about 10 attributes that this study set up. As the result, the consumers recognized that EFAP is "protection of ecosystem", "food safety", "good for growth of children", "high quality", and in case of conventional farming products is "inexpensive price", and "diversity of purchasing items". This trend has significant implications to the structure of EFAP output and how positioning strategies, and approaches should be properly formulated and implemented.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1388-1398
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• 2013

The present study investigated the contribution of carcass traits on carcass prices of Holstein steers in Korea. Phenotypic data consisted of 76,814 slaughtered Holsteins (1 to 6 yrs) from all over Korea. The means for live body weight at slaughter (BWT), chilled carcass weight (CWT), dressing percentage (DP), quantity grade index (QGI), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS), carcass unit price (CUP), and carcass sell prices (CSP) were 729.0 kg, 414.2 kg, 56.79%, 64.42, $75.26cm^2$, 5.77 mm, 1.98, 8,952.80 Korean won/kg and 3,722.80 Thousand Korean won/head. Least squares means were significantly different by various age groups, season of slaughter, marbling scores and yield grades. Pearson's correlation coefficients of CUP with carcass traits ranged from 0.12 to 0.62. Besides, the relationships of carcass traits with CSP were relatively stronger than those with CUP. The multiple regression models for CUP and CSP with carcass traits accounted 39 to 63% of the total variation, respectively. Marbling score had maximum economic effects (partial coefficients) on both prices. In addition, the highest standardized partial coefficients (relative economic weights) for CUP and CSP were calculated to be on MS and CWT by 0.608 and 0.520, respectively. Path analyses showed that MS (0.376) and CWT (0.336) had maximum total effects on CUP and CSP, respectively; whereas BF contributed negatively. Further sub-group (age and season of slaughter) analyses also confirmed the overall outcomes. However, the relative economic weights and total path contributions also varied among the animal sub-groups. This study suggested the significant influences of carcass traits on carcass prices; especially MS and CWT were found to govern the carcass prices of Holstein steers in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.109-115
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• 2019

Most demand forecasting studies for telecommunication services have focused on estimating market size at the introductory stage of new products or services, or on suggesting improvement methods of forecasting models. Although such studies forecast business growth and market sizes through demand forecasting for new technologies and overall demands in markets, they have not suggested more specific information like relative market share, customers' preferences on technologies or service, and potential sales power. This study focuses on the telecommunication service industry and explores ways to calculate the relative market shares between competitors, considering competitive situations at the introductory stage of a new mobile telecommunication service provider. To reflect the competitive characteristics of the telecommunication markets, suggested is an extended conjoint analysis using service coverage and service switching rates as modification variables. This study is considered to be able to provide strategic implications to businesses offering existing service and ones planning to launch new services. The result of analysis shows that the new service provider has the greatest market share at the competitive situation where the new service covers the whole country, offers about 50% of existing service price, and allows all cellphones except a few while the existing service carrier maintains its price and service and has no response to the new service introduction. This means that the market share of the new service provider soars when it is highly competitive with fast network speed and low price.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.1001-1013
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to build an oyster outlook model. In particular, by limiting oyster items, it was designed as a partial equilibrium model based on a panel analysis of a fixed effect model on aquaculture facilities. The model was built with a dynamic ecological equation (DEEM) system that considers aquaculture and harvesting processes. As a result of the estimation of the initial aquaculture facilities based on the panel analysis, the elasticity of the remaining facility volume in the previous month was estimated to be 0.63. According to Nerlove's model, the adjustment coefficient was interpreted as 0.31 and the adjustment speed was analyzed to be very slow. Also, the relative income coefficient was estimated to be 2.41. In terms of elasticity, it was estimated as 0.08% in Gyeongnam, 0.32% in Jeonnam, and 1.98% in other regions. It was analyzed that the elasticity of relative income was accordingly higher in non-main production area. In case of the estimation of the monthly harvest facility volume, the elasticity of the remaining facility volume in the previous month was estimated as 0.53, and the elasticity of the farm-gate price was estimated as 0.23. Both fresh and chilled and frozen oysters' exports were estimated to be sensitive to fluctuations in domestic prices and exchange rates, while Japanese wholesale prices were estimated to be relatively low in sensitivity, especially to the exchange rate with Japan. In estimating the farm-gate price, the price elasticity coefficient of monthly production was estimated to be inelastic at 0.25.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.645-668
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• 2022

Hydrogen energy is emerging as an important means of carbon neutrality in the various sectors including power, transportation, storage, and industrial processes. Fuel cell power plants are the fastest spreading in the hydrogen ecosystem and are one of the key power sources among means of implementing carbon neutrality in 2050. However, high volatility in system marginal price (SMP) and renewable energy certificate (REC) prices, which affect the profits of fuel cell power plants, delay the investment timing and deployment. This study applied the real option methodology to analyze how the dual uncertainties in both SMP and REC prices affect the investment trigger price level in the irreversible investment decision of fuel cell power plants. The analysis is summarized into the following three. First, under the current Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), dual price uncertainties passed on to plant owners has significantly increased the investment trigger price relative to one under the deterministic price case. Second, reducing the volatility of REC price by half of the current level caused a significant drop in investment trigger prices and its investment trigger price is similar to one caused by offering one additional REC multiplier. Third, investment trigger price based on gray hydrogen and green hydrogen were analyzed along with the existing byproduct hydrogen-based fuel cells, and in the case of gray hydrogen, economic feasibility were narrowed significantly with green hydrogen when carbon costs were applied. The results of this study suggest that the current RPS system works as an obstacle to the deployment of fuel cell power plants, and policy that provides more stable revenue to plants is needed to build a more cost-effective and stable hydrogen ecosystem.