• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2004

The effect of dietary Antartic krill(Euphausia Superba) meal on the performance of broiler chicks during the acute phase responses was studied. One d-old male broiler chicks(Avian) were fed on the experimental basal (0.0 % krill meal), and 0.5 and 1.0 % krill meal diets, and then the acute phase response were activated by injecting Salmonella typhymurium lipopolisaccharide(LPS) three times i. p. at 8, 10 and 12 day of age. The 1.0% krill meal diet group had reduced daily gain and feed efficiency during the acute phase response of the 2nd week of age, while during recovery from the acute phase response of the 3rd week of age the lowered performance disappeared. The acute phase response increased the relative weight of liver and spleen, and dietary krill meal enhanced the activities of MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD in liver and erythrocyte cytosols during the acute phase response, although neither the acute phase response or dietary krill meal affected significantly PHA-p hypersensitivity. The results indicated that dietary krill meal affected the performance and SOD activity of broilers chicks during the acute phase response.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2012

To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of freeze-dried plum (Prunus mume Siebold and Zucc., PMS) or omija meal (Schizandra chinensis Baill.; SCB) on growth performance, organ weights, blood biochemical profiles and antioxidant defense system, a total of 96, 3-day-old male broiler chickens were assigned to three dietary groups: (1) control diet, (2) control diet supplemented with PMS at 0.2%, (3) control diet supplemented with SCB at 0.2%. In vitro antioxidant activity, plum and omija extracts showed a significantly higher radical scavenging activity (RSA). In particular, omija extract showed much higher RSA than plum extract. Dietary addition of plum or omija did not affect body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and the relative weight of digestive organ in birds. Plasma triglyceride significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed the diet supplemented with omija compared with those fed control diet without affecting the other blood biochemical components. Furthermore, reduced form of glutathione (GSH) in the liver or muscle significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed the diet fortified with plum and omija. However, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MDA (malondealdehyde) in the intestine, liver and muscle were not altered by dietary antioxidant sources. In conclusion, dietary plum and omija resulted in a positive effect on some antioxidant indicators such as increased in vitro RAS in extracts and in vivo GSH level in the liver and muscle without affecting growth performance. Therefore, dietary addition of 0.2% of plum or omija could be applicable as potential antioxidant sources in broiler chick production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.1482-1488
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of fiber sources on gut development and bacterial activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets. Eighteen crossbred (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) barrows were fed a basal diet based on corn plus soybean meal or similar diets in which a portion of the corn and soybean was replaced by 5% wheat bran or 5% sugar beet pulp. The results indicate that pigs fed diets containing 5% wheat bran or 5% sugar beet pulp had lower liver weights than control pigs (p<0.01). The relative weight of the pancreas in pigs fed diets containing 5% sugar beet pulp was greater than that of control pigs or pigs fed diets containing 5% wheat bran (p<0.05). The pH of the ileal digesta of pigs fed the diet containing 5% wheat bran was higher than that of control pigs or pigs fed the diet containing 5% sugar beet pulp (p<0.05). The lipase activity in the distal jejunum, proximal, and distal ileum of pigs fed the control diet was higher than that of pigs fed the diets containing 5% wheat bran or 5% sugar beet pulp (p<0.05). The concentration of volatile fatty acids anterior to the caecum was greater for the pigs fed the diet containing 5% sugar beet pulp, while the concentration of volatile fatty acids posterior to the ileum was greater for the pigs fed the diet containing 5% wheat bran. This means that sugar beet pulp increased the bacterial fermentation precaecum, while wheat bran increased the bacterial fermentation post-ileum. The concentration of bacterial nitrogen and bacterial protein/total protein in ileal digesta of pigs fed the control diet was higher (p<0.05) than that of pigs fed the diets contained either fiber source. Bacterial protein/total protein in the feces of pigs fed the diet containing 5% sugar beet pulp was higher than that of pigs fed the control diet. This means that inclusion of 5% wheat bran or sugar beet pulp in diets influenced the development of the digestive tract of piglet. The mechanism by which dietary fiber reduced specific activity of lipase needs further consideration. Dietary fiber influenced the bacterial activity in the digestive tract of piglets, sugar beet pulp increased the fermentation in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and while wheat bran increased the fermentation in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.847-854
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• 2014

Different herbs and spices have been used as feed additives for various purposes in poultry production. This study was conducted to assess the effect of feed supplemented with black pepper (Piper nigrum), turmeric powder (Curcuma longa), coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) and their combinations on the performance of broilers. A total of 210 (Cobb) one-d-old chicks were divided into seven groups of 30 birds each. The treatments were: a control group received no supplement, 0.5% black pepper (T1), 0.5% turmeric powder (T2), 2% coriander seeds (T3), a mixture of 0.5% black pepper and 0.5% turmeric powder (T4), a mixture of 0.5% black pepper and 2% coriander seed (T5), and a mixture of 0.5% black pepper, 0.5% turmeric powder and 2% coriander seeds (T6). Higher significant values of body weight gain during the whole period of 5 weeks (p<0.001) were observed in broilers on T1, T3, T5, and T6 compared to control. Dietary supplements with T1, T2, T3, and T6 improved the cumulative G:F of broilers during the whole period of 5 weeks (p<0.001) compared with control. The dressing percentage and edible giblets were not influenced by dietary supplements, while higher values of relative weight of the liver (p<0.05) were obtained in T5 and T6 compared to control. The addition of feed supplements in T5 and T6 significantly increased serum total protein and decreased serum glucose, triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase concentrations compared with the control group (p<0.05). Broilers on T6 showed significant decrease in the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase concentration (p<0.05) compared to control. The broilers having T5 and T6 supplemented feed had relatively greater antibody titre (p<0.001) at 35 d of age than control. It is concluded that dietary supplements with black pepper or coriander seeds or their combinations enhanced the performance and health status of broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.605-614
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity in broilers. Methods: A total of 800 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (45.4±0.5 g) were blocked based on body weight, and then allocated randomly to 2 treatments with 20 cages per treatment and 20 broilers per cage in this 6-week experiment. Dietary treatments included a basal diet and diets with 100% of control maize replaced by stale maize. Results: The content of fat acidity value was higher (p<0.05) while the starch, activities of catalase and peroxidase were lower (p<0.05) than the control maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 0 to 21 and the whole experiment as well as relative weight of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus (p<0.05) on d 21. Feeding stale maize diets decreased jejunum villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD) (p<0.05) on d 21 and 42 as well as ileum VH/CD on d 42. The levels of immunoglobulin G, acid α-naphthylacetate esterase positive ratios and lymphocyte proliferation on d 21 and 42 as well as lysozyme activity and avian influenza antibody H₅N₁ titer on d 21 decreased (p<0.05) by the stale maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) serum interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2 on d 21 and interleukin-6 on d 21 and 42. Broilers fed stale maize diets had lower levels of (p<0.05) total antioxidative capacity on d 42, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase on d 21 and 42, but higher (p<0.05) levels of malondialdehyde on d 21 and 42. Conclusion: Feeding 100% stale maize decreased ADFI and FCR, caused adverse effects on immunity and antioxidant function and altered intestinal morphology in broilers.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of granite porphyry (GP) on growth performances and meat sensory quality in commercial broiler chicks. A total of four hundred-fifty 5-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into 15 pens and fed one of five experimental diets for 5 weeks; 0% GP with antibiotics (Control), 1% GP with or without antibiotics, and 2% GP with or without antibiotics. Final body weight and daily weight gain of all GP supplemented groups were slightly higher than those of control. Feed conversion rate was improved in GP 1 % supplemented groups, although there was no significant difference. Feeding antibiotics in addition to GP did not influence the growth parameters. Relative weights of liver and abdominal fat tended to be reduced in broiler chickens fed GP supplemented diets. Feeding of 2% GP diet resulted in a significant improvement in meat sensory quality in terms of taste and tenderness(P < 0.05), but the effect of the 1% GP on meat sensory quality was not significant. The results of this study indicate that GP could be used as a favorable feed additive for production of sensory-enhanced broiler meats.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary garlic powder (GP) on growth performance and mRNA expression of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) in broiler chickens. Day-old male chicks (Ross, n=270) were fed diets containing 0% [positive control (PC) with antibiotics or negative control (NC) without antibiotics], 1%, 3% and 5% GP for 6 wks. There were no significant differences in feed intake among the treatments throughout the experimental period. Body weight gains in groups fed dietary GP at 3% and 5% were significantly higher than that of NC group (P<0.05). Feeding GP up to 5% did not exert any adverse effect on weight gain and feed intake. There were no significant differences in the relative weights of liver, spleen, cecum and breast muscle. The content of meat cholesterol in GP containing dietary groups tended to be reduced as compared to NC group. Average infectious bronchitis antibody titers in chicks fed GP containing diets were significantly higher than that of NC group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase was reduced by dietary GP. These results indicate that dietary GP has growth promoting effects and tended to alter cholesterol metabolism in broiler chickens.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.330-339
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• 2021

Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is a marine bivalve mollusk widely distributed in coastal areas, and have been long widely used in industrial resources. Several studies demonstrated that fermented oyster (FO) extract attribute to bone health, but whether administration of FO play as an endocrine disruptor has not been studied. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of FO on the endocrine system in vitro and in vivo. As the results of the competitive estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) binding affinities, FO was not combined with ER-α, ER-β, and AR. However, 17β-estradiol and testosterone, used as positive control, were interacted with ER and AR, respectively. Meanwhile, oral administration of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of FO doesn't have any harmful effect on the body weight, androgen-dependent sex accessory organs, estrogen-dependent-sex accessory organs, kidney, and liver in immature rats. In addition, FO supplementation has no effect on the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and 17β-estradiol. However, the relative weight of androgen- and estrogen-dependent organs were significantly increased by subcutaneously injection of 4.0 mg/kg of testosterone propionate (TP) and by orally administration of 1.0 ㎍ of 17α-ethynyl estradiol (EE) in immature male and female rats, respectively. Furthermore, TP and EE administration markedly decreased the serum LH and FSH levels, which are similar those of mature Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. Furthermore, the testosterone and 17β-estradiol levels were significantly enhanced in TP and EE-treated immature rats. Taken together, our findings showed that FO does not interact with ER and AR, suggesting consequentially FO does not play as a ligand for ER and AR. Furthermore, oral administration of FO did not act as an endocrine disruptor including androgenic activity, estrogenic activity, and abnormal levels of sex hormone, indicating FO may ensure the safety on endocrine system to develop dietary supplement for bone health.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2022

The effects of dietary exogenous hydrophilic emulsifiers on the growth, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of broilers were evaluated. A total of 200 one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were allotted to one of four treatment groups in a randomized complete block design in five replicates with 10 birds per pen during a 5-week growth experimental period. Birds were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet with or without the addition of 0.025, 0.050, or 0.075% exogenous hydrophilic emulsifiers. The diets contained 3,025 and 3,075 metabolizable energy/kg for Phases 1 and 2, respectively. For each phase and the overall experimental period, body weight gain (linear, P<0.05) and feed conversion ratio (linear, P<0.05) improved in proportion to the dietary exogenous hydrophilic emulsifier level, while the average daily feed intake was not affected by dietary treatment. Improvement in growth performance by dietary treatments was observed during the last two weeks rather than the first three weeks of the growth phase. In carcass traits, abdominal fat content increased as dietary exogenous hydrophilic emulsifier level increased (linear, P<0.05), whereas dietary emulsifier level did not affect the relative weight of the liver, breast, and leg muscles. In conclusion, addition of dietary exogenous hydrophilic emulsifiers from 0 to 0.075% in broiler diets improved the growth rate and feed efficiency of broilers without any deleterious effects on nutrient digestibility, although a corn-soybean meal-based diet had less energy content (3,025 and 3,075 metabolizable energy/kg) for 0-3 weeks and 3-5 weeks, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 1988

The effect of mold inhibitor was determined in the commercial rations which had two different protein levels(18% and 12% ) and two different particle sizes(80% of the particles in the ration less than 1.19mm and 40% of the particles in the ration less than 1.1mm). After 40 days storage of the rations treated and not treated with the mold inhibitor the nutritional change of the experimental diets with 18% and 12% protein levels, the growth performance of chicks, and the weight of internal organs fed the 18% protein diet were observed as the criteria of this research The fat level and carotene content in the two diets with 18% and 12% protein level each were significantly (P＜0.05) decreased when the diets were not treated by the mold inhibitor. Even if mold inhibitor was mixed in the diet, the fat content in the diet which had 40% of the particles in the ration less than 1.19mm tended to be decreased, especially, in the diet with a 12% protein level. The carotene content in the diet treated with mold inhibitor which had 40% of the particles in the ration less than 1.19mm also tended to be decreased in both diets (18% protein and 12% protein). Feed types$\times$particle size interaction was significant for the fat content (P＜0.05) and for the carotene content (P＜0.05). The amount of crude protein and ADF was not significantly (P＞0.05) changed after 40 days storage. There was a significant decrease (P＜0.05) in total body weight gain and total feed intake observed in chicks fed the untreated diet with 40% of the particles in the ration less than 1.19mm. Feed conversion was significantly (P＜0.05) depressed in the chicks fed the untreated diet of both particle sizes. Particle size$\times$types of feed interaction in feed conversion was significant (P＜0.05). Relative sizes of the liver, pancreas and spleen were not affected significantly (P＞0.05) by the treatments.