• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

Purpose: Recent electrophysiological studies have shown that the sensorymotor cortex is activated during both actual action excuted by themselves and observation of action performed by other persons. Observation of action based on mirror neuron system can be used as a cognitive intervention to promote motor learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the brain activity changes during action observation and action execution using EEG. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers participated and were requested to perform hand action and to observe the video of hand action performed by another person. The EEG activity was evaluated by a method which segregated the time-locked for each condition. To compare the differences between action observation and execution, the Mu suppression and the relative band power were analysed. Results: The results showed significant mu suppression during the action observation and execution, but the differences between the two conditions were not observed. The relative band power showed a significant difference during the action observation and execution, but there were no differences between the two conditions. Conclusion: These results indicate that action execution and observation involve overlapping neural networks in the sensorymotor cortical areas, proposing positive changes on neurophysiology. We are expected to provide information related to the intervention of cognitive rehabilitation.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2004

W $O_{x}$-based semiconductor type thin film gas sensor was fabricated for the detection of N $O_{x}$ by reactive d.c. sputtering method. The relative oxidation state of the deposited W $O_{x}$ films was approximately compared by the calculation of the difference of the binding energy between Ols to W4 $f_{7}$2/ core level XPS spectra in the standard W $O_3$ powder of known composition. As the annealing temperature increased from 500 to 80$0^{\circ}C$, relative oxygen contents and grain size of the sputtered films were gradually increased. As the results of sensitivity ( $R_{gas}$/ $R_{air}$) measurements for the 5 ppm N $O_2$ gas, the sensitivity was 110 and the sensor showed recovery time as fast as 200 s. The other sensor properties were examined in terms of surface microstructure, annealing temperature, and relative oxygen contents. These results indicated that the W $O_3$ thin film with well controlled structure is a good candidate for monitoring and controlling of automobile exhaust.haust.t.t.t.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.11 no.4 s.35
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Clocking effects of a stator on the performance and internal flow in an UTRC 1.5 stage axial turbine are investigated using a three-dimensional unsteady flow simulation. Six relative positions of two rows of stator are investigated by positioning the second stator being clocked in a step of 1/6 pitch. The relative efficiency benefit of about 1% is obtained depending on the clocking positions. However, internal flows have some different characteristics from that in the previous study at the best and worst efficiency positions, since the first stator wake is mixed out with the rotor wake before arriving at the leading edge of the second stator. Instead of the first stator wake, it is found that the wake interaction of the first stator and rotor has a important role on a relative efficiency variation at each clocking position. The time-averaged local efficiency along the span at the maximum efficiency is more uniform than that at the minimum efficiency. That is, the spanwise efficiency distribution at the minimum efficiency has larger values in mid-span but smaller values near the hub and casing in comparison to those at the maximum efficiency. Moreover, the difference between maximum and minimum instantaneous efficiencies during one period is found to be smaller at the maximum efficiency than at the minimum efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 1999

This research was carried out to investigate the fundamental properties such as the structure of annual ring, density distribution, compressive strength with parallel to grain, relative crystallinity, and microfibril angle of Gumgangsong(Pinus densoflora for. erecta Uyeki). The wood specimens, Gumgangsong and Sonamu(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), for this experiment were prepared at Ulijingoon Sokwangri and Kyungpook university's forest in Kyungpook province, respectively. Average annual ring width is $2.0mm{\pm}0.3$ in heartwood of Gumgangsong. The respectively of heart wood was over 60 percent in Gumgangsong and 20~50 percent in Sonamu. Heartwood density were ranged from 0.5 to $0.8{\;}g/cm^3$ in Gumgangsong and from 0.4 to $0.5{\;}g/cm^3$ in sonamu. Compressive strength in Gumgangsong and Sonamu was about $30{\pm}5MPa$ and $25{\pm}5MPa$, resepectively. But the relative crystallinity and microfibril angle of two species were not different clearly. From these results of Gumgangsong and Sonamu, therefore, it was considered the main difference factors for both species were annual ring width and heartwood percentage.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2002

This study was taken in general hospital, hotel, shopping center, underground cafe, school, house, for the purpose of investigating the distribution of indoor radon concentration in urban area, by E-PERM which approved U.S. EPA, between August and November 1999. There are two sampling Places were exceed 148 ㏃/㎥(4 pCi/L; U.S EPA remedial level), difference mean is 24.0㏃/㎥ when compared with underground vs. aboveground indoor radon concentration in the same building and ratio is 1.6, so underground area is higher than aboveground (p<0.05). Influencing factors were examined. They related to the location of sampler(detector) open or near the door is lower radon concentration than inside portion, which explains probably open area has better ventilated air and dilutes indoor radon concentration. Temperature has a negative relationship (p<0.05) with indoor radon concentration and relative humidity has a positive (p<0.05) Simultaneously to investigate water radon concentration, collected piped-water and the results were very low, which is the same in piped-water concentration other countries. In conclusion, underground indoor radon concentration is higher than aboveground. Concentration was related to sampling spot, open portion is lower than inside. Higher the temperature, lower the indoor radon concentrations. On the other hand higher the relative humidity, higher the indoor radon concentrations. Indoor radon concentration is influenced by sampling point, temperature, relative humidity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2011

In this paper, we have proposed a method for quantization of the stratification strength in the sea water and analysing the distributions of the maximum stratification depths calculated by the method at the seas near the Korean peninsular. For calculating the stratification strength, modified and applied the potential energy anomaly formular which was suggested by Simpson in 1977. The data had been collected by NFRDI from 1971 to 2008 were used to determine the maximum vertical density gradient depth and the relative potential energy anomaly at that depth. In the East Sea, the stratification depth has become deepened about 20m in February and April since 1971. In Yellow-South Sea, the maximum density gradient depth has been deepened about 10m only in December during the same period and the difference of the stratification depth between summer and winter has been enlarged. These trends of variation of stratification strength and depth near the Korean peninsular should be investigated more carefully and continuously. And the results of these studies could be adopted for the more efficient operation of underwater weapon and detection systems.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.473-480
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• 2005

Clocking effects of a stator on the performance and internal flow in an UTRC 1.5 stage axial turbine are investigated using a three-dimensional unsteady flow simulation. Six relative positions of two rows of stator are investigated by positioning the second stator being clocked in a step of 1/6 pitch. The relative efficiency benefit of about 1% is obtained depending on the clocking positions. However, internal flows have some different characteristics from that in the previous study at the best and worst efficiency positions, since be first stator wake is mixed out with the rotor wake before arriving at the leading edge of the second stator. Instead of the first stator wake, it is found that the wake interaction of the first stator and rotor has a important role on a relative efficiency variation at each clocking position. The time-averaged local efficiency along the span at the maximum efficiency is more uniform than that at the minimum efficiency. That is, the spanwise efficiency distribution at the minimum efficiency has larger values in mid-span but smaller values near the hub and casing in comparison to those at the maximum efficiency. Moreover, the difference between maximum and minimum instantaneous efficiencies during one period is found to be smaller at the maximum efficiency than at the minimum efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate onset timing of vastus medialis oblique(VMO) relative to vastus lateralis(VL) the VMO/VL electromyographic(EMG) ratio according to heel height Methods: A repeated measures design was used. Fifteen healthy female college students with no known knee musculoskeletal dysfunction were recruited this study. They carried out a standardised stair acent activity under 4 conditions; barefoot, and with heel height of 1, 3, 7 cm. Muscle activity was measured by surface EMG (Myosystem 1400A, Noraxon Inc., U.S.A). Data were analysed using $1{\times}4$ repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Onset timing differed with heel height(p<.05). However, the VMO/VL EMG ratio was not significantly difference between conditions. Conclusion: We found that 7 cm heel height delayed in VMO onset compared with 3 cm heel height during stair ascent, but no change in the relative EMG intensity of VMO and VL as measured by th VMO/VL ratio. The findings indicate that high-heeled shoes may have disadvantages in knee stability because of delayed onset of VMO. Due to a lack of knee joint stability, wearing of high heeled shoes should be avoided.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.2 s.109
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• pp.95-101
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• 2005

Adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out on rough rice and brown rice (Nampyung) at 5, 15, 25, 35, $45^{\circ}C$ for moisture contents between 8.7 and $25\%$ (db). The method employed was to measure the equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) of air in contact with the grain under static conditions, using an electronic hygrometer The effects of temperature and moisture contents were investigated, and the measured values were fitted to the modified Henderson, the modified Chung-Pfost, the modified Halsey and the modified Oswin model. The ERHs of rough rice and brown rice decreased with an decrease in moisture content and temperature, and the effects of temperature was no significant at moisture content of $25\%$ (db). Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of brown rice was higher than rough rice at same temperature and relative humidity. Desorption EMC is higher than the adsorption, but there is no significant difference between desorption and adsorption EMC in moisture content near $25\%$ (db) at rough rice and near 9, 21 and $25\%$ (db) at brown rice. The modified Oswin model was the best in describing the adsorption EMC and the modified Chung-Pfost model was the best in describing the adsorption ERH of rough rice. The modified Oswin model was the best in describing the adsorption EMC/ERH of brown rice. The modified Chung-Pfost model was the best in describing the desorption EMC/ERH of rough rice and brown rice.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2001

Although many kinds of stereo matching method have been developed in the field of computer vision and photogrammetry, wrong matches are not easy to avoid. This paper presents a new method to reduce wrong matches after matching, and experimental results are reported. The main idea is to analyze the histogram of the image attribute differences between each pair of image patches matched. Typical image attributes of image patch are the mean and the standard deviation of gray value for each image patch, but there could be other kinds of image attributes. Another idea is to check relative position among potential matches. This paper proposes to use Gaussian blunder filter to detect the suspicious pair of candidate match in relative position among neighboring candidate matches. If the suspicious candidate matches in image attribute difference or relative position are suppressed, then many wrong matches are removed, but minimizing the suppression of good matches. The proposed method is easy to implement, and also has potential to be applied as post processing after image matching for many kinds of matching methods such as area based matching, feature matching, relaxation matching, dynamic programming, and multi-channel image matching. Results show that the proposed method produces fewer wrong matches than before.