• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2022

Although humans exist as Homo Empathicus, human society is actually constantly divided and conflicted between groups. The human empathy response is very sensitive to the justice of others, and depending on the level of others' justice, they may feel empathy or schadenfreude to the suffering of them. However, our empathy to others' suffering are not always fair, and have inherent limitations of ingroup-biased empathy. Depending on whether the suffering other persons belongs to an ingroup or an outgroup, we may feel biased empathy or biased schadenfreude to them without even realizing it. Recent advances in information and communication technology facilitate biased access to ingroup-related SNS or ingroup media, thereby deepening the establishment of a more biased semantic information network related groups. These processes, through interacting with the inherent limitation of empathy, can form a vicious cycle of more biased ingroup empathy and ingroup-related activities, and accelerate divisions and conflicts. This research investigated the properties and limitations of empathy by reviewing studies on the neural mechanism of empathy. By examining the relationship between empathy and justice from a neuroscientific point of view, this research tried to illuminate the modern society of division and conflict in a different dimension from the classical perspective of social science.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Background: Dental hygienists emphasize the ethics of healthcare workers. To effectively cope with various ethical conflicts, it is necessary to establish a reasonable ethical value system. Therefore, this study intends to use basic data to develop ethics education programs and ethical value evaluation tools. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey targeting dental hygienists between January 1 and 15, 2023. A total of 251 people's responses were analyzed with SPSS Win 25.0, to perform frequency, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The idealistic propensity (3.82 points) was higher than the relativistic propensity (3.42 points), and the absolutists showed a deontological position in the partnership area and dental hygiene work relationship area(P < 0.001). Regression analysis of factors affecting ethical values revealed that idealism (β=,444, p=0.000), marital status (β=-0.123, P = 0.035), and position (β=-0.154, P = 0.009) were significantly related to ethical propensity. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an ethics education program that considers the ethical propensity of dental hygienists and establish firm ethical values by implementing situation-oriented ethics education that can respond to many changes and conflicts.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.621-634
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• 2017

This study is a study on the requirements, resources, and role of policy broker in the policy process. Particular attention was paid to two requirements of legitimacy (official authority, political support) and professionalism (information and expertise, skilled leadership) as the requirements of policy broker. This study analyzed the process of transforming the actor conflicts surrounding the media rep legislative process into a cooperative relationship by being mediated by a strong influential policy broker. Policy brokers can mediate opinions among participating actors and play a role in coordinating conflicting interests. In the mediarep policy process, the policy brokers were unable to resolve conflicts due to lack of legitimacy and expertise in the first phase (legislative grace period) and the second phase (legislative loophole). However, the legitimacy of the six subcommittees of the National Assembly (the legislative period) and the expertise of the Korea Communications Commission were able to succeed in policy-making by acting as a successful policy brokers through complementary activities.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.279-303
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• 2019

This study investigated effects of Korean students' contacts with International students on Korean college students' multicultural competencies. This study also examined mediating effects of life satisfaction and realistic conflict perception between contacts with international students and multicultural competencies. For the purpose, 384 Korean college students completed the questionnaires including contacts, life satisfaction, realistic conflicts perception toward international students, everyday multicultural competencies, and demographic information. The results indicate that number of contacts predicts cultural self-efficacy and cultural knowledge, whereas contact diversity predicts cultural openness. Life Satisfaction predicts cultural openness, cultural self-efficacy, and cultural knowledge, and realistic conflicts perception predicts all subscales of everyday multicultural competencies scale other than cultural knowledge. Results also discovered that life satisfaction mediates the relationship between contact diversity and multicultural competencies, but realistic conflict perception did not mediate between contact diversity and multicultural competencies. Based on the results, the suggestions to enhance college students' multicultural competencies were discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.55-80
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• 2012

I. Introduction Developing the relationships between companies is very important issue to ensure a competitive advantage in today's business environment (Bleeke & Ernst 1991; Mohr & Spekman 1994; Powell 1990). Partnerships between companies are based on having same goals, pursuing mutual understanding, and having a professional level of interdependence. By having such a partnerships and cooperative efforts between companies, they will achieve efficiency and effectiveness of their business (Mohr and Spekman, 1994). However, it is difficult to expect these ideal results only in the B2B corporate transaction. According to agency theory which is the well-accepted theory in various fields of business strategy, organization, and marketing, the two independent companies have fundamentally different corporate purposes. Also there is a higher chance of developing opportunism and conflict due to natures of human(organization), such as self-interest, bounded rationality, risk aversion, and environment factor as imbalance of information (Eisenhardt 1989). That is, especially partnerships between principal(or buyer) and agent(or supplier) of companies within supply chain, the business contract itself will not provide competitive advantage. But managing partnership between companies is the key to success. Therefore, managing partnership between manufacturer and supplier, and finding causes of conflict are essential to improve B2B performance. In conclusion, based on prior researches and Agency theory, this study will clarify how business hazards cause conflicts on supply chain and then identify how developed conflicts have been managed by two control mechanisms. II. Research model III. Method In order to validate our research model, this study gathered questionnaires from small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs). In Korea, SMEs mean the firms whose employee is under 300 and capital is under 8 billion won(about 7.2 million dollar). We asked the manufacturer's perception about the relationship with the biggest supplier, and our key informants are denied to a person responsible for buying(ex)CEO, executives, managers of purchasing department, and so on). In detail, we contact by telephone to our initial sample(about 1,200 firms) and introduce our research motivation and send our questionnaires by e-mail, mail, and direct survey. Finally we received 361 data and eliminate 32 inappropriate questionnaires. We use 329 manufactures' data on analysis. The purpose of this study is to identify the anticipant role of business hazard (environmental dynamism, asset specificity) and investigate the moderating effect of control mechanism(formal control, social control) on conflict-performance relationship. To find out moderating effect of control methods, we need to compare the regression weight between low versus. high group(about level of exercised control methods). Therefore we choose the structural equation modeling method that is proper to do multi-group analysis. The data analysis is performed by AMOS 17.0 software, and model fits are good statically (CMIN/DF=1.982, p<.000, CFI=.936, IFI=.937, RMSEA=.056). IV. Result V. Discussion Results show that the higher environmental dynamism and asset specificity(on particular supplier) buyer(manufacturer) has, the more B2B conflict exists. And this conflict affect relationship quality and financial outcomes negatively. In addition, social control and formal control could weaken the negative effect of conflict on relationship quality significantly. However, unlikely to assure conflict resolution effect of control mechanisms on relationship quality, financial outcomes are changed by neither social control nor formal control. We could explain this results with the characteristics of our sample, SMEs(Small and Medium sized Enterprises). Financial outcomes of these SMEs(manufacturer or principal) are affected by their customer(usually major company) more easily than their supplier(or agent). And, in recent few years, most of companies have suffered from financial problems because of global economic recession. It means that it is hard to evaluate the contribution of supplier(agent). Therefore we also support the suggestion of Gladstein(1984), Poppo & Zenger(2002) that relational performance variable can capture the focal outcomes of relationship(exchange) better than financial performance variable. This study has some implications that it tests the sources of conflict and investigates the effect of resolution methods of B2B conflict empirically. And, especially, it finds out the significant moderating effect of formal control which past B2B management studies have ignored in Korea.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-86
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine whether self-differentiation mediates the relationship between adolescents' family functioning and self-esteem and to examine whether peer support and family conflicts had moderated mediating effects. For this purpose, 522 students from four high schools in Gyeonggi province were surveyed about their family functioning, self-differentiation, self-esteem, and peer support. The results were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and PROCESS. The mediating, modulating, and moderated mediating effects were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows. First, correlation analysis showed that family functioning, self-differentiation, self-esteem, and peer support were significantly positively correlated. Second, the moderated mediating effects of peer support were as follows. First, self-differentiation had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem such that family functioning and self-differentiation were positively correlated and self-differentiation and self-esteem were positively correlated. Second, peer support had a moderating effect in the relationship between family functioning and self-differentiation that promoted self-differentiation. Thus, peer support affected family functioning and self-differentiation. Third, verifying the moderated mediating model of peer support by combining the mediation model of self-differentiation and the moderation model of peer support identified above showed that self-differentiation mediated the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem. Thus, family support affected self-differentiation and self-differentiation affected self-esteem. The significance of this study was as follows. First, it showed that self-differentiation significantly mediated the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem, clarifying the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem. Second, it showed that peer support moderated the relationship between family functioning and self-differentiation, identifying a mechanism that promotes self-differentiation. Third, it showed the mediation of self-differentiation of the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem depended on peer support.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.61-75
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• 2009

Generally, the development of the database application includes the requirement analysis phase of creating ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) and process models, coding, and testing. From the above phases, the analysis phase is not most formalized. It is usually hard task because (1) customers don't know the details of the desired system; (2) developers can't with ease understand the business logic of the customers; (3) the outcomes of the analysis, which are ERD and process models, are not easy to understand to the customers. This paper propose that the executional forms, which are better to understand the systems, should be presented to the customers instead of the ERD. These forms should accept the data input so that customers can review the various aspects of the outcome models. The developers should be able to instantly implement the business logic and also should be able to visually demonstrate the logic in order to get the details of it. For this goal, the customer supplied business logic should be able to be implemented by the references between forms, actions, constraints from the perspective of the data flow. The customers try to execute the forms implementing the business logic and review their supplied logic find new necessary business logic of their own. Iterating these processes for the requirement analysis would result in the success of the analysis which is sufficiently detailed without conflicts.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2004

This study selected emergency medical technicians at 24 fire police boxes in Jeonnam in order to examine the relationship between job stress, fatigue and job satisfaction of 119 emergency medical technicians. Data were collected from Apr. 10 to May 9, 2004, questionnaires were mailed and returned by mail. Total 109 questionnaires were distributed and 89 questionnaires were collected and 80 except 9 omitting answers and showing inappropriate answers were used for final analysis. The results of this study are as follows. A. The total mean of areas composing job stress in the degree of job stress of 119 emergency medical technicians was over the average as 2.54 (SD .44) of 4 full marks. According to the degree of job stress by each area, the highest area of job stress was crisis situation (2.98), followed by role conflict as professional job (2.58), social factors (2.57), involvement in organization (2.55). To the contrary, the areas of the lowest job stress were professional knowledge and technique (2.35), psychological burden of medical limitation (2.38), conflicts in personal relationship and services (2.45) and improper treatment (2.53). B. The degree of fatigue of 119 emergency medical technicians by areas was over mean as 2.09(SD .49) of 4 full scores and physical fatigue was highest (2.18), followed by mental fatigue (2.11) and neurosensory fatigue (1.99). C. The degree of job satisfaction of 119 emergency medical technicians was 2.71 of 5 full scores and working condition area (3.70) showed the highest job satisfaction, followed by requirement of organization (2.85) and the lowest job satisfaction area was job itself (2.18), followed by desire for job (2.49). D. According to differences in demographical characteristics of 119 emergency medical technicians, there was no variable of statistical difference at job stress and job satisfaction in significance level .05, but fatigue showed statistical difference at final education (F=2.393, p=.046). E. According to differences related to job characteristics of 119 emergency medical technicians, job stress showed statistical differences at motif of current services (F=4.935, p=.003), fatigue showed those at health conditions (F=2.732, p=.008), job satisfaction at overtime (F=3.038, p.034) and the greatest reason of having job (F=3.217, p=.017), F. As a result of analyzing correlations between job stress. fatigue and job satisfaction of the subject, job stress showed positive correlations (r=.411, p=.000) with fatigue and negative correlation (r=-.267, p=.008) with job satisfaction. Fatigue showed negative correlation (r=-.287, p=.005) with job satisfaction. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study. "There will be relationship between degree of stress, fatigue and job satisfaction of subjects." was supported.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.62-82
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to assess the cause and level of conflict arising within and between departments among administration office workers who work in a recently established tertiary hospitals of a major cooperation or related non-profit cooperation: The study also aimed to find methods for resolution of such conflicts by comparing with other existing university hospitals. The subject population included 299 business administration office workers randomly selected from two cooperate related tertiary hospitals of less than 3 years in its existence and two university hospitals over 700 beds in Seoul and Kyong In area. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire. To define related factors for the level of conflict among departments in each hospitals multivariate regression analysis was conducted. Independent factors were characteristics of subjects, conflicting factors within and between the departments. The results are as follows: 1. Those in the 30-39 rears of age group demonstrated significantly higher level of conflict between departments. Those working in the new hospitals, who were older and had long-term tenure, and those with short-term job experience at current working hospital had higher level of conflict between the departments with statistical significance. 2. Concerning the involvement of conflicting factors and the level of conflict in the administration there was statistically significant positive correlation between reliability and job-related intra- and interdepartmental level of conflict in existing hospitals. There was a significant positive correlation between intradepartmental conflicting factors of mutual dependence, difference in goal/orientation and intra- and interdepartmental level of conflict. 3. In multivariate regression analysis, women more than men, and those who had worked for many years in hospitals had statistically significant influence on factors involved in interdepartmental level of conflict, explaining 51.0% of the model. 4. In existing hospitals, gender was a significant factor with women showing a higher level of interdepartmental conflict compared to men. Among the interdepartmental factors, mutual dependence had statistically significant influence and showed a positive relationship with interdepartmental level of conflict. In the new hospitals, job position was a significant factor which showed that those in high position such as section chief or above, compared to those in managerial or general position had higher level of conflict. Among the interdepartmental characteristics, factors of mutual dependence and goal/orientation had statistically significant influence and showed a positive relationship with interdepartmental level of conflict. In the new hospital setting efforts to reduce conflict in areas among workers with high position, old age, and long tenure and those in Purchasing, Material and Computer Department should be made and prudent management and planning for improved manpower and increased budget or efficient allocation and clear definition of job description are necessary to adequately assess and make improved efforts for rapid stabilization of the premature hospital system from its inception, In the existing hospitals a lack of conflict within and between departments may give rise to stagnation or inefficiency of the organization. Future study are needed with respect to the relationship between interdepartmental level of conflict and the effectiveness of the hospital organization for improved resolution of conflict in the organization and hospital management.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.409-417
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• 2020

Oral-Performance in itself, which successfully narrates one's life, constitutes a kind of decent Verbal arts. The term 'Sijipsali-Narrative' refers to oral narratives portraying a series of events in the course of Women's Life-Story which arise from family life and socio-cultural issues through marriage. As a result, Sijipsali-Narrative belongs to a subcategory of Women's Life-Story. Sijipsali-Narrative can be divided into two categories as follow. One type of Sijipsali-Narrative is the 'Family-Connection sijipsali-narrative,' which results from the relationship between a daughter-in-law and the rest members of the family. Among the 'Family-Connection sijipsali-narratives,' including several forms of Sijipsali such as that of father-in-law and that of husband and that of children, Sijipsali of the mother-in-law is most distinctive. The other type of Sijipsali-Narrative is 'Sociocultural-Connection Sijipsali-narrative', which comes not from human relationship but from general issues a narrator is suffering from as a daughter-in-law in a family. The most universal narrative comes from Sijipsali connected with poverty and historical events, and family history, appearance, attitude of the daughter-in-law and so on can be materials for the narratives. Actually, the two types of Sijipsali narrative is not so much distinguished from each other as intermingled with each other. Sijipsali arising from family relationship can inevitably be related with poverty and some events, which result in conflicts among family members and so harass daughter-in-laws. This thesis has a clear-cut orientation to overview the aspects of the Relationships and Hardships on a 'Sijipsali' Narratives in Korean Women's Married Life.