• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.372-379
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• 2013

The present study was investigated the effect of planting density on plant growth and yield of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Sowing density is one of the most important factors affecting yield. The value of roots have affected by shape, color, weight and degree of disease injury in ginseng. Also, it needed to minimize elapsed time for 5 years including pre-planting field management and cultivation period. We were conducted to evaluate that planting densities and varieties on the growth, yield and missing rate. The direct sowing was treated seeds density as a four levels (seeds; 72, 90, 120, 144) and 10 different varieties with 3 years old ginseng roots. Root weight was significantly affected by planting density and variety, but the number of lateral root and yield were affected by only planting density. Growth index was related to variety and planting density. Also, Root shape index was affected by both varieties and planting densities. Suitable planting density and variety were 120 plant per 1.62 $m^2$ and Gopoong, respectively. Results showed that it was also a significant difference (p=5%) in variety of planting density on growth.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2017

5개 신도시내 초등학교별 장기(24년간) 학생수 증감추세를 9개 계획요소(개발밀도, 다양한 사설학원의 입지 가능 여부, 학교 위치, 통학구역 형태, 인근 학교와의 거리 공동통학구역 운영 여부, 보행자전용가로 조성, 접도조건, 통학로상 입체보차분리시설 유무 등)별 가설을 설정하고, 이를 바탕으로 장기 학생수 증감추세와의 연관성 판단기준에 따라 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개발밀도, 학교 위치, 통학구역 형태, 인근 학교 거리, 입체보차분리시설 설치 등의 계획요소는 뚜렷한 연관성이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 둘째, 사설학원 입지와 인근학교 거리 보행자전용가로 설치의 계획요소는 약간의 연관성을 보였다. 셋째, 접도 차선수와 공동통학구역 계획요소는 연관성이 없었다. 본 연구는 수도권 1기 5개 신도시 89개 초등학교만을 조사 분석한 결과이기 때문에 이를 일반화하는데 한계가 있고, 분석요소 및 평가기준을 더욱 정교화할 필요가 있어 이에 대한 후속연구가 필요하다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the strategies that middle school students used in solving problems concerning density and solubility. These were compared in the aspects of problem contexts for 42 students of varying logical reasoning ability, spatial ability, and learning approach. A coding scheme used consists of five categories: reading & organization, production, errors, evaluation, and strategy. Students' protocols were analyzed after intercoder agreement had been established to be .95. The results were as follows: 1. Students had more difficulties in reading and organizing the problems in everyday contexts than in scientific contexts. Students at the concrete-operational stage and / or surface approach were more likely to have difficulties in reading and organizing the problems than those at the formal-operational stage and / or deep approach. 2. Students tended to split up the solubility problems into sub-problems and to solve the density problem in everyday contexts in random manner. These were significantly correlated with the test scores concerning logical reasoning ability, spatial ability, and learning approach at the .1 level of significance. 3. Major errors in solving the density problems were to disregard the given information or generated and to use inappropriate information. Many errors in solving the solubility problems were found to be executive errors. The strategy to use the information given appropriately was positively related to students' logical reasoning ability, spatial ability, and learning approach. 4. More evaluation strategies were found in everyday contexts. Their strategies to grasp the meaning of answers and to check the math were significantly related to students' logical reasoning ability. 5. Students used the random trial-and-error strategy more than the systematic strategy and the systematic trial-and-error strategy, especially in everyday contexts. The strategies used by the students were significantly related to students' logical reasoning ability, spatial ability, and learning approach.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.806-820
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• 1996

The relationship between exercise and hone mineral density (BMD) was investigated in 153 healthy women. The BMD of lumbar spine, femur(neck, ward's triangle, trochanter) and total body was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in a group subjects(65) aged 19-59 years who had been exercising(swimming or aerobic dancing) regularly for at least 2 years as well as in a similar group of nonexercising control subjects(88). Weight, height, total lean body mass(=weight-total fat body mass-bone mineral content), animal and meat Ca, Ca index, energy expenditure, BMD, PYD/Cr were significantly higher in the exercisers than the controls. There were significantly negative correlations between age, ALP and osteocalcin and BMD, but significantly positive correlations between weight, BMI, total fat body mass and total lean body mass and BMD. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that total lean body mass may be a better independent predictor to BMD than total fat body mass. The nutrient intakes were more closely related to BMD in the exercisers than the controls, but energy expenditure was more closely related to BMD in the controls than the exercisers Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that BMD was closely related to menopause, osteocalcin, age, weight in both groups but energy intake in the exercisers alone, energy expenditure in control alone. In premenopausal women, the exercisers had significantly greater BMD than the controls. But, in postmenopausal women, no significant difference between two groups was detected. When compared to BMD of the subjects with same age range to minimize the effect of age, aerobic dancing appears to be capable of exerting a positive effect on BMD in a group of subjects aged 19-44. However, no relationship of the swimming to BMD could be identified in a group of subjects aged 37-59. The results of this study suggest that the usefulness of exercisng appears to be significantly greater in preemenopausal women than postmenoparusal women and weight bearing activity, aerobic dancing is associated with increasing BMD at the weight bearing sites and could be beneficial in the prevention of bone loss. But the usefulness of swimming on bone should be further investgated.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2005

Purpose: To identify Osteoporosis and the related risk factors in middle-aged women, the descriptive survey was done. Method: The subjects were measured in 465 residents who were 40-60 aged healthy women. They underwent ultrasound measurement and health examination in G city's Health Center in Gyeonggi-do, Korea from July 2000 to March 2001. The self-reported questionnaire consisted of total 17 items about risk factors related to osteoporosis. The evaluation of bone density was based on ultrasound measurements of right heel. All data were analyzed by SAS-PC Program. Result: Mean age of the subjects was 46.7. Mean T score related to bone density was -1.30, ranged from -3.52 to 3.06. In diagnosis classification according to T score, 74.8% of subjects was normal, 12.9% was osteopenia, 12.3% was osteoporosis. Among risk factors, there were significant differences by age (t=15.35. p=0.000), parity (F=12.81, p=0.000), menopause status (t=22.05, p=0.000), period after menopause (F=5.20, p=0.006). The higher frequency of delivery, postmenopausal and longer period after postmenopause of subjects had the lower the bone density. Conclusion: It would be necessary to develop and apply the community-based health promotion program for middle-aged women to prevent osteoporosis.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2003

To identify osteoporosis and examine the relationship between health behavior and the self-efficacy of middle-aged women, a descriptive survey was conducted. The subjects were 465 healthy female residents of Kyunggido, Korea, who underwent ultrasound measurement and a health examination at the Kangmeung-Ci Health Center between July and August 2000. They were 40 to 60 years old, with a mean age of 46.7 years. The subjects completed a self-reported questionnaire that consisted of seven items concerning health behavior and twelve items concerning self-efficacy related to osteoporosis. Bone density was evaluated from ultrasound measurements of the right heel. All the data were analyzed using the program SAS-PC. The study found that the mean T score related to bone density was -1.30, and ranged from -3.52 to 3.06. Based on the T score, 74.8% of the subjects were normal, 12.9% had osteopenia, and 12.3% had osteoporosis. The mean osteoporosis self-efficacy score was 41.17 and ranged from 12 to 60. Osteoporosis self-efficacy differed significantly with health behavior related to health supplementary food (t=5.63, p=.018), exercise (t=6.65, p=.010), alcohol drinking(t=10.80, p=.001), and smoking (t=10.23, p=.001). A community-based health promotion program should be developed to prevent osteoporosis in middle-aged women.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the factors related to the bone mineral density (BMD) in male and female adults aged 50 years or older. The factors included were socio-demographics, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood lipids, and health habits. Methods: As a secondary data analysis, this study used raw data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and selected 2,295 adults aged over 50 years who participated in the survey and had BMD values. The T-score of the femoral neck was evaluated for BMD. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and multiple regression. Results: The factors influencing the BMD in men were age (${\beta}=-.029$, p<.001), BMI (${\beta}=.100$, p<.001), triglyceride (${\beta}=-.001$, p=.001), and calcium (${\beta}=.001$, p=.003), and the suggested regression equation explained 25.6% of the variance in BMD (F=16.32, p<.001). The factors related to BMD in women were age (${\beta}=-.060$, p<.001), BMI (${\beta}=.091$, p<.001), total cholesterol (${\beta}=-.002$, p=.028), HDL cholesterol (${\beta}=.009$, p=.001), and calcium (${\beta}=.001$, p=.004), and the suggested regression equation explained 47.0% of the variance in BMD (F=61.72, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the modifiable factors, such as BMI, blood cholesterol, and calcium, should be targeted to improve the BMD in both men and women.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.253-256
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• 2013

VANET에서는 차량 안전 관련 정보가 차량들 간에 안정적으로 전달될 수 있도록 해주는 라우팅 프로토콜이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 도시기반의 VANET 환경에서 차량 간의 빠르고 안정적인 통신을 위하여 차량 밀도 정보를 이용한 라우팅 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법에서 각 차량은 비콘 메시지와 도로 정보을 이용해서 도로의 차량 밀도를 계산한다. 차량들은 이 정보를 이용해서 패킷을 전송할 안정적인 경로를 설정한다. NS-2 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안 기법과 GPSR의 성능을 비교했으며, 그 결과 제안 기법이 패킷 전송 성공률 측면에서 우수한 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

High-.ate in-situ$ YBa_2$Cu$Cu_3$$O_{7-x}$ (YBCO) film growth was demonstrated by means of the electron beam co-evaporation. Even though our oxygen pressure is low, ∼$5 ${\times}$10^{-5}$ Torr, we can synthesize as-grown superconducting YBCO films at a deposition rate of around 10 nm/s. Relatively high temperatures of around 90$0^{\circ}C$ was necessary in this process so far, and it suggests that this temperature at a given oxygen activity allows a Ba-Cu-O liquid formation along with an YBCO epitaxy. Local critical current density shows a clear correlation with local resistivity. Homogeneous transport properties with a large critical current density ($4 ∼ 5 MA/\textrm{cm}^2$ at 77K, 0T) are observed in top faulted region while it is found that the bottom part carries little supercurrent with a large local resistivity. Therefore, it is possible that thickness dependence of critical current density is closely related with a topological variation of good superconducting paths and/or grains in the film bodies. The information derived from it may be useful in the characterization and optimization of superconducting films for electrical power and other applications.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2006

A Line Density algorithm was developed to quantify the sea surface temperature distribution using NOAA Sea Surface Temperature(SST) data and Geographic Information Systems(GIS), In addition, a GIS based automation model was designed to extract the Line Density Indices were determined by applying K-means Cluster. SST data in terms of March to May obtained on the coastal area of the Uljin from 2001 to 2004 in spring were used to make two data sets of average sea water temperature map in terms of year as well as month. From the result it was formed that water temperature gradient in April was the strongest among the other months, In particular very strog formation of oceanic front as well as temperature gradients were observed in front of the coastal area around Wonduk and Jukbyeon countries. Because those coastal area is a confront zone of two cold and a warm. It is expected that the development of a Line Density Algorithm would contribute to quantify of the SST for the research of Sea Surface Front(SSF) related to marine life management and the sea environmental conservation.