• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.200-206
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• 2008

Objective : To establish a standard for discriminating between deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome and selecting reinforcing or reducing method. Methods :Deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome were divided into excess of pathogenic factor with sufficiency of vital energy syndrome, weakness of pathogenic factor with deficiency of vital energy syndrome and excess of pathogenic factor with deficiency of vital energy syndrome. Documentary survey was done for each case. Results : Excess of pathogenic factor with sufficiency of vital energy syndrome is an excess syndrome and a reducing method must be used. Weakness of pathogenic factor with deficiency of vital energy syndrome is a deficiency syndrome and a reinforcing method must be used. Excess of pathogenic factor with deficiency of vital energy syndrome is related to deficiency syndrome and a reinforcing method must mainly be used. Conclusions :Deficiency or sufficiency of vital energy is the standard for discriminating between deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome and selecting a reinforcing or reducing method.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-148
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• 2014

This study compared levels of whole grain consumption-related predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors according to socio-demographic variables, and examined how these factors are associated with whole grain consumption frequency among Korean adults. A survey questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of adult males and females aged 20~59 years (n=300). The questionnaire included questions on predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors in relation to whole grain consumption as well as a brief whole grain food frequency questionnaire. Female subjects showed a significantly higher level of negative beliefs on health nutrition taste texture while showing a significantly lower level of social support compared to that of males. The age group of 40~59 years showed a significantly higher social support level than the age group of 20~39 years. Results from multivariate regression analyses showed that different combinations of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling variables were significant in predicting whole grain consumption frequency according to sex and age. The study findings can be used for developing specific target-oriented nutrition intervention programs for promotion of whole grain intake among Korean adults.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.521-528
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• 2002

This paper presents the results of centrifuge model tests on the reinforced slope by pressure grouting. Tests were performed to investigate the reinforcing effect of grouting. In the tests, slopes of scale factor 1/10 were used changing the space and number of reinforcing bar. Test results are as tile follows; 1. The reinforcing effect increase rapidly with reinforcement area ratio at low value of reinforcement area ratio. 2. At high reinforcement area ratio the increase ratio of reinforcing effect decrease. 3. At same reinforcement area ratio, the reinforcing effect of double reinforcing bar was larger than the single reinforcing bar due to arching effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.653-658
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• 1999

Bond between reinforcing bars and the surrounding concrete is supposed to safely transfer load in the design process of reinforced concrete structures. Bond failure of reinforcing bars generally take place by splitting of concrete cover as bond force between concrete and reinforcing bars exceeds the resistance by the confinement of the concrete cover and transverse reinforcement. Confinement, concrete cover and transverse reinforcement, on bond are the key factor of current provision to determine development length of reinforcing bars to concrete. In this study, previous available data are analyzed with respect to the current provisions for development and splice of reinforcement. From this study, the new provision for the design are proposed, which will be efficient and effective with some specific limit value.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.04b
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• pp.653-660
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• 1998

Bond strength of reinforcing bar to high-performance concrete using belite cement is explored using beam end test specimen. The key parameters for the bond test are slump of concrete, top bar effect, and strength of concrete in addition to concrete covers. Specimen failed in the typical brittle bond failure splitting the concrete cover as the wedging action. The test results show that the specimens with belire cement concrete show higher bond strength than those with portland cement concrete. Bond strength of the top bar is less than bond strength of bottom bar, but the top bar factor satisfies the modification factor for top reinforcement. The results also show that the bond strength is function of the square root of concrete compressive strength and cover thickness. The recently developed high-strength and high-slump concrete with belite cement performs well in terms of bond strength to reinforcing steel.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2004

The performance evaluation and deflection of 3 spans concrete simplicity slab bridge analyzed by non-destructive and loading test. Compressive strength of slab and pier appeared in the range of each 353∼366 kgf/$cm^2$ and 152∼215 kgf/$cm^2$ in rebound number test. Also, it appeared that concrete quality of slab was good after performance improvement. The average compressive strength of slab by core picking appeared 229 kg/$cm^2$. In reinforcing bar arrangement test of span and member, it appeared that horizontal and vertical reinforcing bar was arranged to fixed interval. The value of calculation deflection that carried structural analysis with deflection analysis wave in static loading test appeared higher than that of experimental deflection and it appeared that hardness of this bridge was good. Maximum impact factor that estimated from deflection by running speed in dynamic loading test appeared by 0.216 in 10 km/hr running speed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.201-204
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• 2006

The shear resistance of RC beams is subject to the amount of shear-reinforcing bars ($p_w$) and yield strength ($f_{wy}$) as well as their interactive influence ($p_wf_{wy}$). Thus, it is reasonably expected that high-strength steel bars can greatly reduce the necessary amount of shear-reinforcing bars. On the other hand, although the bond strength is influenced by the amount of shear reinforcing bars, it is not affected by the yield strength. Thus, there is often an issue that bond failure occurs before shear failure depending on the arrangement of shear reinforcing bars. It is a common practice to set sub-ties for the transverse confinement of the main re-bars as a method to prevent the bond failure. However, it can also become a factor in decreased work efficiency due to the complexity of the construction. This study experimented with simultaneous use of high-strength transverse reinforcing bars ($f_{wy}=800MPa$) and U-shaped transverse reinforcing bars of regular strength ($f_{wy}=300MPa$) in an attempt to decrease the necessary quantity of shear reinforcing bars. The effect of this attempt was investigated through fundamental experimental research in terms of the improvement in shear resistance and bond strength as well as the ease of construction.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

Analysis was performed using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique for the determination of priority on the effect factors and the preferences on cut-slope reinforcing methods. The results from professional group, such as researchers, design engineers and construction engineers, show that stability, durability and environmental condition are the most important effect factors. The retaining wall and the cutting methods were predominant for stability, economical efficiency, and maintenance/management in the evaluation of preferences on the cut-slope reinforcing methods interpreted for the increasing method of safety factor.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.213-223
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• 2008

The instability of rock slopes caused by heavy rainfall and soil mass sliding needs the preventable and reinforcing method. The most important factor for the stability is the shear strength available in the planar part of the failure surface, which shows that a progressive failure takes place and a reinforcing of rock slope using FRP grout is effectively available. In this study, a grouting bolting interval predictions by limit equilibrium analysis and Matlab mathematical computer codes in several cases is presented for FRP reinforced rock slope. The proposed mathematical computer code can be easily applied for seeking properly FRP grout intervals prior to design and execute a reinforcement of a rock slope in practice.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.591-599
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyzed the major factor variables against oral health behaviors and oral health state and quality of life (QOL) for some residents in Gyeongsangnam-do area. This study was based on the PRECEDE model as a theoretical model for diagnosis in health education needs. Total data 697 were analyzed by PASW 18.0 program. Results for this study were as follows: Firstly, t-test results in sex had statistically significant in predisposing, reinforcing, oral health behavior, health${\cdot}$QOL factor, education had statistically significant in predisposing, reinforcing, health${\cdot}$QOL factors, also, number of teeth had statistically significant in health${\cdot}$QOL factor. Secondly, ANOVA results in age had statistically significant in predisposing, enabling, health${\cdot}$QOL factor, area had statistically significant in health${\cdot}$QOL factor, also, economic had statistically significant in reinforcing, oral health behavior. Thirdly, in CATREG analysis, oral health behavior as the response variable results in had statistically significant in sex, predisposing, reinforcing, enabling factor and its explanation was 28.3%. Lastly, in CATREG analysis health${\cdot}$QOL as the response variable results in had statistically significant in age, number of tooth, enabling, oral health behavior factor and its explanation was 17.9%. So, results from this data we could contribute to identify oral health behavior patterns in Gyeongsangnam-do area residents.