• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.329-348
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• 2019

The main objective of this experimental research was to investigate the Seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames infilled with perforated clay brick masonry wall of a type commonly used in Algeria. Four one story-one bay reinforced concrete infilled frames of half scale of an existing building were tested at the National Earthquake Engineering Research Center Laboratory, CGS, Algeria. The experiments were carried out under a combined constant vertical and reversed cyclic lateral loading simulating seismic action. This experimental program was performed in order to evaluate the effect and the contribution of the infill masonry wall on the lateral stiffness, strength, ductility and failure mode of the reinforced concrete frames. Numerical models were developed and calibrated using the experimental results to match the load-drift envelope curve of the considered specimens. These models were used as a bench mark to assess the effect of normalized axial load on the seismic performance of the RC frames with and without masonry panels. The main experimental and analytical results are presented in this paper.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.411-414
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• 1999

Five reinforced concrete rigid frame and masonry infilled wall and cut off type masonry infilled wall were constructed and tesed during vertical and cycle loads simultaneously. Experimental programs were accomplished to evaluate the structural performance of test spcimens, such as the hysteretic behavior, the maximum horizontal strength, crack propagation, and ductility etc. Test variables are hoop reinforcement ratio and masonry infilled wall with on without. All the specimens were modelling in one-third scale size.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 1999

The objective of the research stated herein is to observe the elastic and inelastic behaviors and ultimate capacity of 1:5 scale 3-story reinforced concrete frame. Pushover tests were performed to 1:5 scale 3-story reinforced concrete frames with and without infilled masonry. To simulate the earthquake effect, the lateral force distribution was maintained by an inverted triang1e by using the whiffle tree. From the test results, the relation ships between the total lateral load and the roof drift, the distribution of column shears, the relation between story shear and story drift, and the angular rotations at the critical portions of structures were obtained. The effects of infilled masonry were investigated with regards to the stiffness, strength, and ductility of structures. Final collapse modes of structures with and without infilled masonry were compared.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.541-546
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• 2001

Experimental programs were accomplished to improve and evaluate the structural performance of test specimens, such as the hysteretic behavior, the maximum horizontal strength, crack propagation of and ductility etc. Test variables are restraining factors of frame, with or without masonry infilled wall, and masonry method Six reinforced concrete rigid frame and masonry infilled wall were tested and constructed in one-third scale size under vertical and cyclic loads simultaneously. Based on the test results, the following conclusions can be made. For masonry infilled wall with restraining factors of frame, maximum horizontal capacities were increased by 1.91~2.24 times in comparision with that of rigid frame. For masonry infilled wall with restraining factors of frame(IFWB-l~3), cumulated energy dissipation capacities wear increased by 1.35~l.60 times in comparision with that of masonry infilled wall(IFB-1) at final stage of testing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.1143-1148
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• 2001

Experimental programs were accomplished to improve and evaluate the structural performance of test specimens, such as hysteretic behavior, maximum horizontal strength, crack propagation, and ductility etc. Test variables are restraining factors of frame, with or without masonry infilled wall, and masonry method. Six reinforced concrete rigid frame and masonry infiiled wall were constructed and tested in one-third scale size under vertical and cyclic loads simultaneously. Based on the test results, the following conclusions can be made. For masonry infilled walls with restraining factors of frame, maximum horizontal capacities were increased by 1.26~2.24 times in comparision with that of rigid frame. For masonry infilled wall with restraining factors of frame(IFWB-1), cumulated energy dissipation capacities wear increased by 1.60 times in comparision with that of masonry infilled wall(IFB-1) at final stage of testing.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.675-690
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• 2007

In order to study the ductility and the lateral load carrying capacity of the masonry walls strengthened with CFRPs (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer sheets), three pieces of masonry walls subjected to cyclic loads with low frequency and vertical load of constant amplitude have been tested. Two different strengthening methods have been used. The strengthening efficiency is affected by the strengthening method. A simplified calculation approach has been introduced based on the experimental test results, and the theoretical results agree reasonably well with the experimental results. It is found that the critical loads, the critical displacements, the ultimate loads, the ultimate displacements and the ductile coefficients of the masonry walls strengthened with CFRPs improve remarkably (6%~57%). Therefore, the masonry structures strengthened with CFRPs are of better ductility and of better lateral load carrying capacity than the masonry structures without any strengthening measurements.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2023

Reinforced concrete frames with a masonry infill panel is a structural typology frequently used worldwide. In seismic cases, the interaction between the masonry infill and the RC frames constitutes one of the most complex subjects in earthquake engineering. In this work, an enhancement of an existing numerical model is proposed to improve the estimation of lateral strength and stiffness of masonry-infilled frame structures and predict their probable failure modes. The proposed improvement is based on attributing corrective coefficients to the shear strength of each diagonal shear spring of the macro element, which simulates the masonry infill. The improved numerical model is validated by comparing the results with those of the original numerical model and with experimental results available in the literature. The enhanced macro element model can be used as a powerful, accessible tool for assessing the capacity and stiffness of masonry-infilled frame structures and predicting their probable failure modes.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2013

The core aim of this dissertation is to empirically scrutinize a strength characteristic of beam-column frame subjected to the cyclic lateral load, a beam-column frame of un-reinforced masonry wall, and a shear wall frame. First and foremost, I embark upon making three prototypes vis-$\grave{a}$-vis this research. By conducting this process, I touch on an analysis of cyclic behavior and a damage characteristic of the beam-column frame, the beam-column frame of un-reinforced masonry wall, and the shear wall frame. What is more, through the previous procedure, the next part delves into the exact stress transfer path and the destructive mechanism to examine how much and how strong the beam-column frame of un-reinforced Masonry Wall does have a resistance capacity against earthquake in all the architecture constructed by the above-mentioned frame, as well as school buildings. In addition to the three prototypes, two more experimental models, a beam-column frame and shear wall frame, are used to compare with the beam-column frame of un-reinforced masonry wall. Lastly, the dissertation will suggest some solutions to improve the resistance capacity against earthquake regarding all constructions built with non bearing wall following having examining precisely all the analysis with regard to not only behavior properties and the damage mechanism of the beam-column frame and the beam-column frame of un-reinforced Masonry Wall but also the resistance capacity against earthquake of non bearing wall and school buildings.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.173-189
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• 2015

In reality, masonry infill modifies the seismic response of reinforced concrete (r.c.) frame structures by increasing the overall rigidity of structure which results in: increasing of total seismic load value, decreasing of deformations and period of vibration, therefore masonry infill frame structures have larger capacity of absorbing and dissipating seismic energy. The aim of the paper is to explore and assess actual influence of masonry infill on seismic response of r.c. frame structures, to determine whether it's justified to disregard masonry infill influence and to determine appropriate way to consider infill influence by design. This was done by modeling different structures, bare frame structures as well as masonry infill frame structures, while varying masonry infill to r.c. frame stiffness ratio and seismic intensity. Further resistance envelope for those models were created and compared. Different structures analysis have shown that the seismic action on infilled r.c. frame structure is almost always twice as much as seismic action on the same structure with bare r.c. frames, regardless of the seismic intensity. Comparing different models resistance envelopes has shown that, in case of lower stiffness r.c. frame structure, masonry infill (both lower and higher stiffness) increased its lateral load capacity, in average, two times, but in case of higher stiffness r.c. frame structures, influence of masonry infill on lateral load capacity is insignificant. After all, it is to conclude that the optimal structure type depends on its exposure to seismic action and its masonry infill to r.c. frame stiffness ratio.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2021

This paper is a basic study to evaluate the possibility of earthquake-resistant reinforcement by reinforcing engineered cementitious composite in masonry members. In order to examine the performance according to the fiber mixing rate of the engineered cementitious composite, a test specimen was prepared according to the formulation design, and flow ability, compressive strength, flexural strength, length change rate, and direct tensile strain were measured. In addition, non-reinforced masonry members, masonry members reinforced with engineered cementitious composite, and masonry members in which glass fibers and wire mesh were separately reinforced with engineered cementitious composites were manufactured, and flexural strength and maximum displacement were measured. All specimens reinforced with engineered cementitious composite showed more than 16 times the effect of maximal strength compared to that of no reinforcement, and as a result of examining the crack shape, the energy dissipation ability was excellent, confirming the possibility of seismic reinforcement.