• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this review was to investigate whether motor imagery training has an effect on the recovery of upper extremity function in individuals with hemiparetic stroke or not. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed and three other databases were searched up to December 18th, 2018 and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating motor imagery training on upper extremity function in persons with a diagnosis of hemiparetic stroke were included. This review selected the following information from each study: surname of the first author, published year, nation, population, intervention, therapeutic intensity of intervention, therapeutic comparison, outcome measures, additional therapy, summary of results, and descriptive statistics of outcome measures. Results: This review selected seventeen RCTs with 487 stroke survivors and the following intervention methods: six motor imagery training with additional therapeutic technology, two motor imagery training with additional modified constraint-induced therapy, four mirror therapy, and five motor imagery training. Ten RCTs were eligible for meta-analysis after systematic review. The motor imagery group were more effective than the control group based on the Fugl-Meyer assessment (3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 5.22; heterogeneity [$chi^2=8.03$, df=8, $I^2=0%$], test of overall effect Z=3.76; test for subgroup differences [$chi^2=2.56$, df=2, $I^2=21.8%$]) and the Action Research Arm Test (1.32; 95% CI, -8.12 to 10.76; heterogeneity [$Tau^2=70.74$, $chi^2=15.22$, df=3, $I^2=80%$], test of overall effect Z=3.76). Conclusions: The results of this review suggests that motor imagery shows positive effectiveness on improving upper extremity function in persons with hemiparetic stroke.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy with natural recovery in patients who had dysphagia due to stroke. Swallowing functions were examined on a total of 98 patients with stroke-caused dysphagia based on a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) for 8 weeks. The each group was evaluated with DOSS, DSS and FOSS to assess swallowing ability in the first week and re-evaluated in the $8^{th}$ week during the session for investigating the recovery status. The author compared the above initial data and follow-up data using a Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon's Signed Rank test, ANCOVA to confirm statistically controlling for the effects of other continuous variables, performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 for windows. There was statistically significant recovery in the experimental group except measure of DOSS (p>0.05). In the control group, it showed improvement in all the scales(p<0.05). After terminating each session, the comparison of the two group of patients showed statistical significant differences in DSS and FOSS(p<0.05). These results suggest that possibility of natural neurologic recovery has positive effects on early stage of dysphagia caused by stroke.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.603-610
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• 2019

This pilot study investigated the effects of a portable computerized cognitive training system on the visual-perceptual function of stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment. Subjects were twelve stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment, who were assigned to an experimental group (n=6) or a control group (n=6). All subjects were trained in their respective groups for 30 min/day, five times a week, for four weeks. In each session, the experimental group received a portable computerized cognitive training program, and the control group received conventional cognitive training. The Motor-Free Visual Perception-3 (MVPT-3) was used to measure subjects' visual-perceptual ability. The MVPT-3 total scores for both groups significantly improved after the intervention (p<.05). The total score on the MVPT-3 and the score on the visual short-term memory subcategory of the MVPT-3 significantly improved for the experimental group compared to the control group (p<.05). These findings suggest that the portable computerized cognitive training system might be effective to improve the visual-perceptual function of stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.283-289
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• 2003

Background and Purpose : Hemiplegic upper extremity is a problem frequently encountered in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke. In Korean traditional medicine, moxibustion has been used clinically in treatment of stroke patients with hemiplegia. So far, its efficacy has not been proven clinically. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the moxibustion in treating hemiplegic upper extremity in stroke patients. Design : Randomized Control Trial. Subjects and Methods : Forty hemiplegic stroke patients admitted to Kyunghee oriental medicine hospital were randomized into the treatment with standard physiotheraphy combined with Moxibustion-group or Control-group with standard physiotherapy alone. It took them 2-5 weeks from the onset to start this study. Moxibustion was applied at LI4(合谷), LI11(曲池), TE3(中渚), TE5(外關) in hemiplegic hand, once a day for 2weeks. The effect of treatment on hemiplegic upper extremity was assessed using Fugl-Myer motor scale, Motricity Index and Modified Barthel Index(drinking/feeding, dressing upper body, grooming) Results : These 2 groups had comparable clinical characteristics; sex, age, plegic side (Rt., Lt.), pretreatment impairment. After two weeks, patients in the moxibustion group perfomed better on Fugl-Myer test and Motricity index test. The differences were significant.(P=0.038, 0.002) But Results on the Modified Barthel Index revealed no effect.(P=0.348) Conclusion : This results suggest that moxibustion is an effective treatment for improvement of motor function of hemiplegic upper extremity.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2003

Purpose: This research with one group pre-post design was carried out to test the practical feasibility to administrate the Music Movement program developed for the stroke patients. Subjects: 12 stroke survivors at "J" Public Health Center in Seoul. were participated in. The average age was 68 years old, the ratio of sex was almost 5.8:4.2, the duration of was almost over 1 year. Method: Music Movement program was conducted for 2 hours ${\times}$ 1day ${\times}$ 6 weeks. The contents of Music Movement program were consisted of the preparatory activities, main activities and the wrap up activities. The preparatory activities are ice braking, greeting, explanation of the aims of music movement program, and introduction of stroke disease and ROM exercise. The main activities are the body motions with singing and playing musical instruments. The wrap up activities are stretching and joints and discussion of home activities. Data Collection: The outcome variables are muscle strength, finger pinch power, ROMs, flexibility, depression, and life satisfaction. Depression was measured by CES-D(Kim, I. J., 1999), life satisfaction by ladder scale(McDowell & Newell, 1996), and ADL state(Holbrook & Skilbeck, 1983). Data Analysis: SPSS/PC 10.0 for Window was used. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to analyze outcome measures. The level of statistical significance was set at p<.05. Results: This program was effective to decrease the depression level of subjects(p<.05). The muscle strength, hand grip power, ROMs, life satisfaction, and rehabilitation state of the subjects were slightly increased but no significant differences were found between the pre and post test. Additionally every patient replied that they were very satisfied and expressed their appreciation for this program very much. Of course they strongly want to continue to participate in and meet the peer group again. Conclusion: Considering these results, the practical feasibility of Music Movement program can be supported. Therefore, this Music Movement program can be examined with the quasi-experimental design with control group and ongoing reviews. After that, this program would be applied in public health centers, medical institutes, and welfare centers for the rehabilitation of stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

Objective: The effect of abdominal expansion maneuver (AEM) and abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) on postural control in an unsupported position in stroke patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 36 persons with hemiplegic stroke participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into an AEM experimental group (n=12), an experimental ADIM group (n=12), and a control group (n=12). We collected the general characteristics of all subjects and the pre-test results before the intervention and after 4 weeks of the intervention. The trunk stabilization training of the ADIM and AEM group were performed 15 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks, and general physical therapy was performed 2 times a day, 30 minutes per session, 5 times a week for all three groups. The control group received joint mobilizations, muscle strengthening, endurance strengthening, and gait exercises along with treatment of the central nervous system, such as neuro-developmental treatment, mat, and gait training. The AEM is an inspiratory phase of tidal breathing expanding the lateral lower ribcage in a lateral direction with minimal superior movements of the chest. Then the lower abdomen expands and the navel moves in an anterior-caudal direction. The ADIM is a repeated contraction and relaxation of the anal sphincter during inspiration. The navel pulls the lower abdomen to the direction of the spine without the movement of the trunk and pelvis. Results: Before and after the interventions, medial-lateral axis movement distance, anterior-posterior axis movement distance, sway mean velocity, and sway area 95% was a statistically significant change in all three groups (p<0.05). The post-hoc test showed a significant improvement in medial-lateral axis movement distance, anterior-posterior axis movement distance, sway mean velocity, and sway area in the AEM group compared with the control group, and in the ADIM group compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, both AEM training and ADIM training are necessary interventions to maintain the independent sitting position according to the characteristics of the patient.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.294-300
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of yoga exercise on balance ability and gait velocity in stroke patients. Subjects were categorized in to a control group and yoga program group with 9 for each group. Yoga program was conducted for 60minute for 8weeks, three times a week. For the purposes, the study measured Stability Index(SI, postural sway) and Weight Distribution Index(WDI) using Tetrax, Functional Reach Test(FRT), Dynamic Gait index(DGI) and 10 meter walking test. At pre- and post-exercise after appling the yoga exercise, the data was analyzed. Yoga exercise group's SI and WDI were decreased, FRT and DGI were increased in comparison with control group. But 10 meter walking test was no significance. It suggests that the yoga exercise could promote recovery from balance disorder after stroke.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual cue deprivation during sideways treadmill training in individuals with stroke. Twenty-eight stroke patients were divided into two groups, and each group participated in a sideways treadmill training session for 20 minutes, three times per week for 4 weeks. The eyes close group (15 subjects) performed this treadmill training with visual cue deprivation, while the eyes open group (13 subjects) performed it without visual cue deprivation. Gait function was measured in both groups before and after the training sessions with the Biodex Gait Trainer 2, which determined walking speed, distance, step length, and time on each foot. Balance was measured before and after each training period in both groups using the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and the seven-item Berg Balance Scale-3P (7-item BBS-3P). The eyes close group showed significantly improved gait function, walking speed, distance, step length, and time on each foot after training (p<.05). The eyes close group showed improved balance ability, FTSST, TUG, and 7-item BBS-3P test after training (p<.05). The findings indicated that sideways treadmill training with visual cue deprivation positively affects gait ability of stroke patients. Therefore, sideways treadmill training with visual cue deprivation may be useful for the recovery of gait ability of stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a progressive functional training program on ADL performance in stroke patients at home after selecting subjects through Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care (RAI-HC). Method: Ninety stroke patients had a structured training which was 50 min in duration, six times per week for a period of 6 weeks. The subjects were divided into three groups as measured using the RAI-HC progressive functional training program group; the resident rehabilitation exercise group and the control group. Result: The study observed that the functional training program for stroke patients increased the level of activities of daily living (ADL), performance of functional fitness and balance. It also reduced blood lipid and the score of client assessment protocols (CAPs). The functional training program is expected to improve the quality of life in the stroke patients at home. Conclusion: The authors, with the results of this study concluded that, the functional training program is necessary for the stroke patients to improve their quality of life. Hence, the program should be employed immediately.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of early ankle exercise with functional electrical stimulation(FES) on spasticity, strength and active range of motion of ankle in patients with stroke. Methods: This study included 21 patients with stroke, who were performed early ankle exercise combined FES. The exercise program comprised 5 sessions of 30 minutes per week for 4 weeks. The spasticity, strength and active range of motion of ankle were evaluated before and after training. The spasticity was measured by modified ashworth scale(MAS), strength of ankle was measured by hand-held dynamometer and active range of motion of ankle dorsi-flexion was measured by goniometer. All data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results: Significant differences were observed the subjects for strength of ankle and active range of motion. The results of the study were as follow: strength of ankle was significantly increased subjects(p<.001) and active range of motion was significantly increased subjects(p<.001). Conclusion: Ankle is very important part of body in stroke patients. early ankle exercise with FES is effective for improvement of strength of ankle and active range of motion in patients with stroke. ealry ankle exercise with FES about stroke patient is very useful and effective. It is effective in clinical practice.