• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.363-375
• /
• 2019

Fungal sectorization is a complex trait that is still not fully understood. The unique phenotypic changes in sporadic sectorization in mutants of CpBck1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) gene, and CpSlt2, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene, in the cell wall integrity pathway of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica have been previously studied. Although several environmental and physiological factors cause this sectoring phenotype, genetic variants can also impact this complex morphogenesis. Therefore, RNA sequencing analysis was employed to identify candidate genes associated with sectorization traits and understand the genetic mechanism of this phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis of CpBck1 and CpSlt2 mutants and their sectored progeny strains revealed a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to various cellular processes. Approximately 70% of DEGs were common between the wild-type and each of CpBck1 and CpSlt2 mutants, indicating that CpBck1 and CpSlt2 are components of the same MAPK pathway, but each component governs specific sets of genes. Functional description of the DEGs between the parental mutants and their sectored progenies revealed several key pathways, including the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, translation, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism; among these, pathways for secondary metabolism and translation appeared to be the most common pathway. The results of this comparative study provide a better understanding of the genetic regulation of sector formation and suggest that complex several regulatory pathways result in interplays between secondary metabolites and morphogenesis.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.542-553
• /
• 2018

Since many previous studies reported the health effect of air pollution and indicated traffic as a major pollution source, significant policy efforts have been made to control traffic to reduce air pollution. However, there have been few studies that evaluated such policy implementation. In Seoul, Korea, the exclusive median bus lane system was implemented in 2004, and the metropolitan government applied air pollution reduction policies such as conversion of diesel buses to compressed natural gas buses and installation of emission control devices. This paper aimed to investigate the impact of the exclusive median bus lane system on air pollution reduction. Using hourly concentrations of particulate matter ($PM_{10}$) and nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) measured at 131 regulatory monitoring sites in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do for 2001-2014, we calculated annual and daily average concentrations at each site. We assessed the impact of the policy using differences-in-differences analysis by annual and daily average models after adjusting for geographic and/or meteorological variables. This method divides population into treatment and control groups with and without policy application, and compares the difference between the two time periods before and after the policy implementation in the treatment group with the difference in the control group. We classified all monitoring sites into treatment and control groups using two definitions: 1) Seoul vs. Gyeonggi-do; 2) within vs. outside 300 meters from the median bus lane. Pre- and post-policy periods were defined as 2001-2005 and 2006-2014, and 2004 and 2014 in the annual and daily models, respectively. The decrease in $PM_{10}$ concentrations between the two periods across monitoring sites in the treatment group was larger by $1.73-5.88{\mu}g/m^3$ than in the control group. $NO_2$ also showed the decrease without statistical significance. Our findings suggest that an efficient public transport policy combined with pollution abatement policies can contribute to reduction in air pollution.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 2005년 1사분기부터 2009년 3사분기까지 개별 화물자동차 운전자들의 실제 화물운송 실적자료를 이용하여 영업용 도로화물운송업의 업종 및 품목별 생산 효율성을 평가하고, 위탁관리제 및 다단계거래 등 규제적 요인을 포함하여 영업용 도로화물운송업의 생산 효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 구체적으로 영업용 도로화물운송업의 생산 효율성 평가를 위해 자료포락분석법을 적용하였고, 개별 화물자동차 운전자들의 생산 효율성에 미치는 영향요인을 분석하기 위해 토빗모형을 이용하였다. 분석결과, 개별화물과 용달화물보다는 일반화물 업종의 생산 효율성이 더 높은 것으로 분석되었으며, 품목별로는 철강화물의 생산 효율성이 가장 높고, 유류화물의 생산 효율성이 가장 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 특히 시간이 지남에 따라 영업용 도로화물운송업의 생산 효율성은 소폭 증감을 보이고 있으나, 전반적으로 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 아울러 본 연구에서는 실증분석결과를 토대로 영업용 도로화물운송업의 생산 효율성 증대를 위한 정책방향을 제시하였다.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.381-393
• /
• 2024

이 연구는 개인정보의 가명처리와 이것이 데이터 분석의 정확도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 로지스틱 회귀 모델, 의사결정나무 및 랜덤 포레스트를 사용하여 가명처리의 적용 정도와 가명처리된 데이터 분석의 정확도 간의 관계를 정량적으로 평가하였으며, 이를 통해 민감한 정보의 가명처리가 데이터 분석의 정확도를 크게 손상시키지 않으면서도 개인정보보호를 실현할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나, 단일한 샘플 데이터, 일관된 가명처리 비율의 적용 등의 한계가 있음을 인지하였다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해, 다양한 데이터에 대한 추가적인 연구를 통하여 결과의 일반성을 강화하는 것이 필요하다. 또한, 개별 변수에 대해 최적의 가명처리 비율을 찾는 방법론을 개발하고 적용해 볼 것을 제안한다. 이 연구 결과는 규제 준수와 개인정보 보호를 달성하면서도 데이터의 활용성을 유지하는 방법에 대한 새로운 통찰을 제공한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.18-31
• /
• 1989

대기오염의 제어가 발전 단가에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 전산 모델이 개발 되었다. POGEN은 석탄 화력 발전소에 대해 대기오염 제어 비용을 가산한 균등화 발전 단가를 계산한다. 부 프로그램 Pollution은 대기 오염 제어 비용을 가산한 지배 방정식을 사용하여 총 자본 비용과 변동비용을 계산한다. 이 비용은 균등화 발전 단가를 계산하는 부 프로그램 GENeration의 추가 입력으로 사용된다. 탈황설비의 직접 비용에 대한 Pollution을 이용한 결과는 경험이 풍부한 선진국에서 발간된 비용 자료로써 검증하였다. 2001년의 전력 생산비용은 석탄화력발전소에 적용된 세 가지의 규제 시나리오에 의해 추정되었다. 입력 변수의 중요도와 미래 발전소에 대한 입력 변수에 포함된 불확실성 때문에 생기는 불확실도의 전파를 검토하기 위해 Latin Hypercube Sampling과 Multiple Least Squares 방법을 사용하여 민감도 분석과 불확실도 분석을 수행하였다. 가장 민감한 입력 변수는 원자력, 화력 공히 할인률이다. 배출가스제어 비용으로서 9-11 mills/kWh 정도가 추가되어야 한다. 이 비용은 전력 생산비용의 거의 20 퍼센트가 되고, 이에 해당하는 투자비는 1GW 용량의 석탄 화력발전소 초기 투자비용의 40%가 될 것이다. 원자력 발전에 대한 단가는 90퍼센트의 신뢰도로써 32.6-65.9, 석탄 화력에 대해서는 45.5-60.5 mills/kWh가 되며, 엄격한 규제 분위기 하에서는 원자력이 95%의 신뢰도로써 유리할 것이 전망된다.

• 환경정책연구
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.39-57
• /
• 2012

유전자원의 접근 및 이익의 공평하고 균등한 공유에 관한 나고야의정서(이하 '의정서'로 지칭함)의 발효에 따라 향후 우리나라의 바이오기업들이 해외 유전자원에 접근하고 이용과정에서 나타날 수 있는 추가적인 경제적 부담을 분석하였다. 의정서 가입에 따라 발생할 수 있는 우리나라 바이오기업들의 추가적인 부담 금액은 우리나라의 바이오산업 규모, 해외 유전자원 의존비율, 로열티 기준 ABS 적용비율을 이용하여 분석하였다. 의정서가 2009년에 발효했다면, 우리나라의 바이오기업들은 2009년 기준으로 국내 이용하는 해외 유전자원에 대한 ABS 비용으로 13억~60억 원을 추가로 지불해야 했다. 그리고 이 금액은 점차 증가하여 2015년에는 136억~639억 원(우리나라 바이오산업시장의 0.01% 이하)을 추가로 지불해야 할 것으로 예측하였다. 이 금액을 볼 때, 우리나라의 의정서 가입은 국내 바이오기업의 매출액 감소폭에 미미한 수준으로 작용할 것으로 보고 있다. 의정서가 발효하면, 의정서의 가입여부와 관계없이 외국의 유전자원을 이용하는 당사자(국)는 PIC 비용과 당사자(유전자원 제공자와 이용자)들 간의 MAT에 의한 ABS 비용을 지불해야 한다. 이 ABS 비용은 우리나라의 당사자와 상대국의 당사자 간의 사적 자치에 의해 결정될 것이다. 반면에 우리나라는 의정서 가입에 따른 유전자원 제공국으로서의 이점을 얻을 수 있다. 외국 기업의 우리 유전자원 이용에 따른 전통지식을 포함한 로열티 이익과 국내 유전자원을 이용한 라이센싱 수익 발생 등이다. 그 외 의정서의 발효 이후, 유전자원의 접근 및 이익 공유에 관한 소송 또는 특허 취소 소송과 규제 등을 포함하는 다양한 사회 경제적 편익을 고려할 때, 의정서 가입과 미가입에 따라 우리나라 바이오산업에 미치는 경제적인 영향 차이는 크지 않을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국미생물생명공학회 2004년도 Annual Meeting BioExibition International Symposium
• /
• pp.258-265
• /
• 2004

Numerous genes of Escherichia coli have been shown to growth phase-dependent expression throughout growth. The global patterns of growth phase-dependent gene expression of E. coli throughout growth using oligonucleotide microarrays containing a nearly complete set of 4,289 annotated open reading frames. To determine the change of gene expression throughout growth, we compared RNAs taken from timecourses with common reference RNA, which is combined with equal amount of RNA pooled from each time point. The hierarchical clustering of the conditions in accordance with timecourse expression revealed that growth phases were clustered into four classes, consistent with known physiological growth status. We analyzed the differences of expression levels at genome level in both exponential and stationary growth phase cultures. Statistical analysis showed that 213 genes are shown to, growth phase-dependent expression. We also analyzed the expression of 256 known operons and 208 regulatory genes. To assess the global impact of RpoS, we identified 193 genes coregulated with rpoS and their expression levels were examined in the isogenic rpoS mutant. The results revealed that 99 of 193 were novel RpoS-dependent stationary phase-induced genes and the majority of those are functionally unknown. Our data provide that global changes and adjustments of gene expression are coordinately regulated by growth transition in E. coli.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2003

Microarray technology allows the simultaneous analysis of gene expression patterns of thousands of genes, in a systematic fashion, under a similar set of experimental conditions, thus making the data highly comparable. In some cases arrays are used simply as a primary screen loading to downstream molecular characterization of individual gene candidates. In other cases, the goal of expression profiling is to begin to identify complex regulatory networks underlying developmental processes and disease states. Microarrays were originally used with ceil lines or other simple model systems. More recently, microarrays have been used in the analysis of more complex biological tissues including neural systems and the brain. The application of cDNA arrays in neuropsychiatry has lagged behind other fields for a number of reasons. These include a requirement for a large amount of input probe RNA In fluorescent-glass based array systems and the cellular complexity introduced by multicellular brain and neural tissues. An additional factor that impacts the general use of microarrays in neuropsychiatry is the lack of availability of sequenced clone sets from model systems. While human cDNA clones have been widely available, high qualify rat, mouse, and drosophilae, among others are just becoming widely available. A final factor in the application of cDNA microarrays in neuropsychiatry is cost of commercial arrays. As academic microarray facilitates become more commonplace custom made arrays will become more widely available at a lower cost allowing more widespread applications. in summary, microarray technology is rapidly having an impact on many areas of biomedical research. Radioisotope-nylon based microarrays offer alternatives that may in some cases be more sensitive, flexible, inexpensive, and universal as compared to other array formats, such as fluorescent-glass arrays. In some situations of limited RNA or exotic species, radioactive membrane microarrays may be the most practical experimental approach in studying psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, and other complex questions in the brain.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2021

The health functional food market continues to grow, and according to that trend, the subdivision sales of personalized health functional foods, which have been legally prohibited, will be operated as a special regulatory pilot project. Personalized health functional food recommendations have a variety of personalized indicators to consider, and it is believed that algorithmic methods will be needed to proceed in a customized manner considering all of them. This study aims to contribute to the development of the AI-based health functional food recommendation service by studying factors that affect the use of the AI-based health functional food recommendation service. This paper analyzed the intention of use for AI-based health functional food recommendation service based on the information system success model and Technology Acceptance Model. This study considered information quality factors, service quality factor, and system quality factor as independent variables influencing perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and trust. For empirical analysis, 406 questionnaires were used and the collected data were performed using AMOS 22.0 and SPSS 22.0. Research has shown that the accuracy, timeliness, empathy and availability have a positive effect on usefulness. Understandability and availability has been shown to have a positive effect on ease of use. The accuracy, understandability, empathy and availibility has been shown to have a positive impact on Trust. Usefulness, ease of use and trust all have been shown to have a positive influence on intention of use.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.270-279
• /
• 2024

Macrophages are versatile immune cells that play crucial roles in tissue repair, immune defense, and the regulation of immune responses. In the context of skeletal muscle, they are vital for maintaining muscle homeostasis but macrophage-induced chronic inflammation can lead to muscle dysfunction, resulting in skeletal muscle atrophy characterized by reduced muscle mass and impaired insulin regulation and glucose uptake. Although the involvement of macrophage-secreted factors in inflammation-induced muscle atrophy is well-established, the precise intracellular signaling pathways and secretion factors affecting skeletal muscle homeostasis require further investigation. This study aimed to explore the regulation of macrophage-secreted factors and their impact on muscle atrophy and glucose metabolism. By employing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and proteome array, we uncovered that factors secreted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages upregulated markers of muscle atrophy and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while concurrently reducing glucose uptake in muscle cells. The RNA-seq analysis identified alterations in gene expression patterns associated with immune system pathways and nutrient metabolism. The utilization of gene ontology (GO) analysis and proteome array with macrophage-conditioned media revealed the involvement of macrophage-secreted cytokines and chemokines associated with muscle atrophy. These findings offer valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of macrophage-secreted factors and their contributions to muscle-related diseases.