• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-97
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• 1996

Local dispute resolution has evolved in response to the need for effective ways to cope with the increasing numbers and types of local disputes. Where resources are limited, where the activities of individeuals or communities affect other individuals or communities, and where interests deviate or compete, disputes are likely to emerge. Efforts to resolve local disputes vary in their particulars but generally have certain elements in common. Therefore, this study focuses upon the fundamental directions and strategies for resolving local disputes. More specifically, the purpose of this study is to examine the causes of local disputes, to suggest fundamental directions for resolving local disputes, and then to explore the strategies for resovling local disputes. In the face of rising local disputes, planners need to become more aware of the possibilities for consensual dispute than one potential path to consensus. In spite of this variability, desirable strategies in local dispute resoultion processes can be identified.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.115-134
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• 1997

We now live in the new era of globalization which implies the functional integration or increase of inter-dependency between internationally dispersed economic activities. As globalization impacts our various activities and daily lives, social sciences, including, geography, attempt to approach social phenomena from a global perspective. From this point of view. new regional geography, which has been articulated in recent social theory since the 1980s, also must adjust to these new world realities. This paper aims to search for a suitable methodology or approach to area study or regional geography in the era of globalization and to suggest the field of area study that Korean geographers should be concerned with in the future. This paper has reviewed the existing various methodologies of regional geography such as the ecological approach, the landscape approach. the areal differentiation approach, the system approach, the structuration theory, the spatial division of labour, and the world-system, which have deviced in the traditional and new regional geography. Peter Taylor's regional geography of world systems among them has an appropriate rationale of area study in the globalization era, because world-systems theory explains well globalization. However the regional geography of world-systems must be revised to become more suitable to the area-study approach in the globalization era. Firstly, the regional geography of world-systems explains that regions(historical regions) are made by general mechanisms of the capitalist world-economy that operate through social, economic, and political agents within regions such as individuals, households, social classes, economic enterprises, states, political movements, and many other organizations. But these mechanisms can also act through other regional agents of geographical location, natural conditions, and cultural characteristics. Therefore, the generating process of regions needs to be explained by locational, natural, and cultural elements in addition to social, economic, and political elements within regions. Secondly, Taylor's world-systems approach does not express composite characteristics of regions, because it focuses on the economic characteristics or position of regions within the world-economy. Regions incorporated into world-economy systems are not only changed economically, but also changed spatially, socially, culturally, and politically. Hence the world-systems approach must try to analyze these composite characteristics and their change of regions. Thirdly, The world-system approach proposed that the geography of regions within world-systems could be divided and analyzed as three regional types at the geographical scale such as international regions, state regions, and intra-state regions. However such a regionalization is usually not identified distinctly, because the geographical range of regions in world-systems shaped by economic boundaries of the general mechanisms of the world-economy is fluid and also occasionally overlaps with other political regions. Hence I propose that the world-systems approach should choose political boundaries of states and local autonomies in addition to economic boundaries for objective regionalization and systematic areal study. The revised regional geography of world-systems that I have suggested in this paper can be more effectively and properly applied to regional geography or area study in the globalization era. Globalization intensifies competition between states and also between local autonomies in the world. Therefore we must make efforts to study such areas or regions through the revised regional geography of world-system.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2019

Special Act on Regulatory Freedom Zone and Regional Special Development Zonet" introduced a new type of 'Freedom Special Zone of Regulation' that is legally distinguished from the existing Special Districts for Regional and Regional Development to support the innovative and strategic growth of the areas, and even passed a number of legal grounds for providing innovative regulations for regional development projects or regional strategic industries within the Special Districts. Starting with the bill legislation proposed by The Parliament Members, Kim Kyung-soo on behalf of 33 suggestors, Choo Kyung-ho, Jung Sung-ho and Hong Il-pyo submitted the bill legislation on behalf of 10 to 12 proposers, respectively. As a major matter of issue, the purpose, designation, scope of application, promotion system, application of A Bill of Three kind on Regulatory Innovation, and Balanced National Development, many kind of regulation as like types of menu, special cases, punitive regulations, and so on have been argued until the end of the bill proposed from the beginning. In this study, the differences between the bill suggested by the Parliament members and bill approved already are to be compared and analyzed to confirm how the items on issue were reflected for the bill finally and to draw up measures for the correct operation of the special regulations.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.197-211
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• 2018

We conducted this research to examine how well regional housing prices are suited to use as an alternative to conventional census-based regional deprivation indices in health and medical geography studies. To examine the relative performance of mean regional housing prices compared to conventional census-based regional deprivation indices, we compared several multilevel logistic regression models, where the first level was individuals and the second was health districts in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) in Korea, for the sake of adjusting the regional clustering tendency of unknown factors. In these models, we predicted two dichotomous variables that represented individuals' after-lunch tooth brushing behavior and use of dental floss by individual characteristics and regional indices. Then, we compared the relative predictive performance of the models using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The results from the estimations showed that mean regional housing prices and census-based deprivation indices were correlated with the two types of dental health behavior in a statistical sense. The results also revealed that the model with mean regional housing prices showed smaller AIC and BIC compared with other models with conventional census-based deprivation indices. These results imply that it is possible for housing prices summarized using aerial units to be used as an alternative to conventional census-based deprivation indices when the census variables employed cannot properly reflect the characteristics of the aerial units.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.206-216
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• 2014

In this study, forest types in Chungheongnam-do were analyzed using Landsat satellite images and digital forest type map as a means to estimate forest carbon stocks. NDVI and Tasseled Cap, ISODATA, and supervised classification among others were used to analyze the forest types. The forest carbon stocks of Chungcheongnam-do were estimated utilizing forest statistical data derived from the classified results. The results indicate that the analysis of forest types through supervised classification yielded the highest overall accuracy in analyzing forest types using satellite images. Coniferous forests(49.3%) accounted for the highest proportion in all the forest types of Chungcheongnam-do, followed by deciduous forests(28.0%) and mixed forests(22.7%). The results of a comparative analysis between forest carbon stocks estimates made using the modified digital forest type map and other estimation methods showed that the method using Tasseled Cap and unsupervised classification yielded the most similar forest carbon stock estimates. The most significant difference, though, was made when only the digital forest type map was used. It is expected that if carbon stocks are estimated by integrating satellite images and digital forest type maps in the future, more accurate results can be derived in estimating forest carbon stocks at a national level.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

Recently, several studies pointed out that there are distinct two types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o events based on the spatial pattern of SST. Since the two types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o have different impacts on global climate, it is quite important to identify the type to assess and predict the regional climate variability. So far, however, there are still many different definitions to identify the two types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o from the different studies. In this study, we investigated a sensitivity of the impacts on climate variability over the Korean Peninsula corresponding to the definition of two-types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o. After checking pre-existing definitions and other possible definition, it is suggested here that two different definitions exhibit relatively strong relationship between El Ni$\tilde{n}$o events and the Korean climate variables when two types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o are separated. In addition to the Korean climate, the two types of El Ni$\tilde{n}$o show quite distinct global teleconnection patterns when the definitions are used.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.88-100
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to analyze the regional effectiveness of wall-plantings by applying a biotope area ratio when wall-plantings are constructed in high density areas. For this, this study required a sample of the wall-planting's regional plan. Therefore, types of wall-planting were determined and applied to a sample site. Four types of wall-plantings were developed by formative features and functional features. Type "A" had simple and functional features, Type "B" had both mixed and functional features, Type "C" had both simple and landscape features and Type "D" had mixed and landscape features. Jung-gu District in Seoul was chosen as the sample site. Total investigations were performed three times for three months from June to August, 2011. Total green-able walls were located in 498 places with a total length of 8,449m and gross vertical area of $23,754.90m^2$. The classification results of total green-able walls by the four types were Type "A" at $1,936.65m^2$, Type "B" at $5,875.30m^2$, Type "C" at $12,487.85m^2$ and Type "D" at $3,455.10m^2$. This study analyzed how all facade areas of the green-able walls impacted the biotope area ratio at the site. First, the biotope area ratio regarding all the zones in Jung-gu District was defined as the gross biotope area ratio while the biotope area ratio regarding all of the artificial zones was defined as the net biotope area ratio. In the case of the gross biotope area ratio, 17.97% is current ration with a projected increase to 0.10% after wall-planting. In the case of the net biotope area ratio, 4.73% is the current ration with a projected increase to 0.11% after wall-planting. This 0.11% is about 2.28% of 4.73%. This study looks at all wall-plantings that have been constructed throughout a high density area to observe their impact on the improvement of ecological function therein. With consideration of the landscape value of the facade, the regional effectiveness of wall-planting is expected to increase even more.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.42
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• pp.29-68
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• 2015

This article focused on the development and current status of Sijo-chang, the Korean classical vocal genre, which is the text as a fixed form of Korean classical poems. Historically, Sijo-chang has originally emerged from Hyangga鄕歌 during Silla period (BC. 57- AD. 935). However, the current Sijo-chang has been developed from the latter of Joseon朝鮮 period(AD. 1392-1910) in 1800s. Since 1800s, Sijo-chang derived from the Gyeong-je Pyeong sijo京制 平時調, which was established in Seoul, was able to accelerate its musical types and regional characteristics among the Korean peninsula. By setting a clear division of two time periods between 1800s and those periods since 1900s to today, this article mainly explains how Sijo-chang has been developed historically. First of all, in order to appraise the musical styles and characteristics of Sijo-chang in 1800s, comparing the current musical types of Sijo-chang and those printed old score books which has its historical musical characteristics during 1800s is necessary. Secondly, this paper concentrated on the transmitted lineages of representative vocalists among the regional-based Sijo-chang from 1900s to today. During those periods, the Sijo-chang has formed its particular regional-based musical characteristics among the Korean peninsula such as Yeong-je嶺制 of Gyeongsang province慶尙道, Naepo-je內浦制 of Chungcheong province忠淸道 and Wan-je完制 of Cheolla province全羅道. Although it was not a type of regional-based Sijo-chang, as a creation with reference based on certain regional types of Sijo-chang in 1960s, this paper introduced the inheritance process of Seogam-je石菴制 which was made by Jung Gyeong-tae鄭坰兌 named Seogam石菴 as his pen name. Since Seogam-je has been singing as the most influential musical types of Sijo-chang through the mainly southern region of Korean peninsula and even in Seoul, it was highly significant to research it. In addition, this paper elaborately highlighted the developments of various Sijo-chang based on its historical performances, studies, and the composed pieces from the early 1900s or the mid-1900s. In conclusion, in order to set a vigorous development of Sijo-chang, this paper raised several concerns among the future of Sijo-Chang and the significance of its traditional value.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.255-268
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to propose a notification service for preventing unexpected accidents which will be occurred by enlisted men's stress in Korean Army. For this purpose we first evaluate the enlisted men's stress with reliable evaluation tools through survey. A representative sample size of about 1,500 enlisted men from all seven unit types was selected and surveyed considering types of unit, ranks, and regional characteristics. In the second, we analyse the results of level of stresses and stress reactions to distinguish high potential enlisted men who will happen to accident. Through the second step, we know enlisted men's stress reactions are different depending their unit types. Therefore the basic information about their stresses will be judged respectively according to their unit types. In the final step, we propose a notification service that offer the information about high potential enlisted men who will happen to accident to their managers rapidly through military Intranet and information systems. Their managers will get the previous information about occurrence of unexpected accidents and have time to check various things before they are occurred. We hope the proposed service contributes to prevent unexpected accidents and reduce the effort of military managers. Furthermore this paper offers several recommendations to apply the proposed service to Korean Army.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.100-116
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was provide for the useful fundamental data by developing an lower appeal sizing system according to body types for early 20s Chinese women. The subjects were 348 women whose ages were between 19 and 24 to live in Beijing and Shanghai, China. Out of total, 341 women with no abnormal numbers were taken as the sample of research. This study was to characterize lower body type of the Chinese women in their early 20s by classifying them into groups according to drop measurement suggested by GB. This study investigated body types of the Chinese women in their early 20s depending upon regions (Beijing and Shanghai) according to each factor. This study made use of 46 kinds of indirect measures from June 23, 2004 to August 7, 2004. SPSS WIN 13.0 Program was used. And, correlation analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA(t-test and F-test) and duncan's multiple test, etc were done. The average of the early 20s Chinese women's stature is 160.0cm, waist circumference 66.4cm, hip circumference 89.8cm, weight 52.1kg. The result of analysis about the early 20s Chinese women's lower body size which are total 62 items come to 6 factors. The Chinese women in their early 20s were divided into 3 groups depending upon waist circumference and drops of hip circumference.