• 제목/요약/키워드: regional materials

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국제법상 동북아해저환경보존에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Marine Environmental Protection of Northeast Asian Seas in International Law)

  • 이윤철
    • 한국항해학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.77-97
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    • 1995
  • The protection of the marine environment is one of the main international legal problems in recent years. In parallel with the industrial development, a great quantity of chemical materials were used and in consequence, mass transportation of oil and other dangerous materials was required on the one hand, and discharge of industrial wasters drew also the attention on the other hand. Furthermore, oil tankers accidents, mass use of nuclear materials, sea-bed exploration and exploitation stimulated further deep human concern on the marine environment. The expansion of international concern to new and more dangerous sources of marine pollution regarded more strict and legal control on the Oil Tanker(DWT 95, 000tons, Cb=0.805) model. Calculation results are compared to the international, especially regional level. In particular, this study is concerned with the preservation of the Northeast Asian Seas surrounded by Japan, the Russian Far East, South Korea, North Korea, China and Taiwan. These adjacent countries must intensify cooperation regarding the prevention, reduction and control of the contamination of the sea. And this cooperation between the States concerned should, as much as possible, be aimed at maximizing the effectiveness of measures to prevent or abate transboundary environmental pollution. To achieve this purpose, States concerned should be imposed upon duties such as duty to assess the environmental impact, duty to inform, duty to consult and duty to assist on the basis of general principle of international law, international customary law and other various resolutions of international bodies. Depending on the nature and extent of actual or potential transboundary pollution with the use of a natural resource or the environment in general the establishment of some form of institutionalized cooperation between the States concerned may become useful or indispensable. The functions of this Organization are, inter alia, to keep the implementation of the Convention and the protocals under continuous observation, to make recommendations on regional or sub-regional rules and standards to be elaborated and on measures to be taken by the Contracting Parties, to be notified of any grave and imminent danger from pollution or threat of pollution by the Contracting Parties and to promote in close cooperation with appropriate governmental bodies additional measures to protect the marine environment of the Northeast Asian Seas, and so on. Above mentioned countries, first of all, are located within the Northeast Asian Seas geographically and, therefore, take responsibilities of preserving the clean sea against marine interferences regardless of any difference of the social, political and economic systems. They must be followed under the UNCLOS and other marine conventions. Under the present circumstances, Northeast Asian Seas will become dead seas in case that there is no instant and prompt action against pollution. Hence we have an absolute obligation to promote the development of the mandatory international environmental law, which in turn can faciliate more effective implementation of the regional cooperation by the neighbouring states within this area.

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조선(朝鮮) 후기소작(後期小作) 형태(形態)의 지역적(地域的).차이(差異)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Regional Variation of Tenancy System in Later Yi-Dynasty in Korea)

  • 김기혁
    • 한국지역지리학회지
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1996
  • 본 연구는 조선 후기의 소작 형태의 지리적인 차이가 농업지역의 특성과 어떠한 관련성을 지니는가를 밝히고자 하였다. 조선후기의 소작 형태는 크게 (1) 도지법(조(租) 종자(種子) 소작인 부담), (2) 병작법(조(租) 종자(種子) 지주 부담) (3) 병작법(조(租) 종자(種子) 절반씩 부담) 등 3개 유형으로 나타나고 있었다. 도지법은 미작 위주의 농업지역, 병작법은 맥류의 특화도가 미작보다 높은 지역에서 주로 분포한다. 특히 병작법으로 조(租) 종자(種子)를 소작인이 부담함으로서 소유권이 강화된 형태인 소작형태의 분포는 더욱 그러하다. 본 연구 결과에서는 지주의 소유권 발달은 토지 생산성의 향상과는 관계가 없음을 보여준다. 이들 지역에서 답에서 소유권이 강화되고 있으나, 실제로 이모작의 논에서 동작물(冬作物)을 대개가 소작인이 소유함으로서 실질지대는 1/3을 유지하고 있었다. 이는 조선 후기의 이모작은 농지의 경작권의 강화를 가져오면서, 답에 대한 소작권 점유의 경쟁이 발생하게 되고, 지주들로서는 실질지대(1/3)를 유지하기 위해 하작(夏作)에서 지주의 소유권이 강화되는 소작형태가 나타나게 되었음을 보여준다.

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Role of Household Exposure, Dietary Habits and Glutathione S-Transferases M1, T1 Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Lung Cancer among Women in Mizoram India

  • Phukan, Rup Kumar;Saikia, Bhaskar Jyoti;Borah, Prasanta Kumar;Zomawia, Eric;Sekhon, Gaganpreet Singh;Mahanta, Jagadish
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권7호
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    • pp.3253-3260
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    • 2014
  • Background: A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the effect of household exposure, dietary habits, smoking and Glutathione S-Transferases M1, T1 polymorphisms on lung cancer among women in Mizoram, India. Materials and Methods: We selected 230 newly diagnosed primary lung cases and 460 controls from women in Mizoram. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results: Exposure of cooking oil fumes (p<0.003), wood as heating source for cooking (p=0.004), kitchen inside living room (p=0.001), improper ventilated house (p=0.003), roasting of soda in kitchen (p=0.001), current smokers of tobacco (p=0.043), intake of smoked fish (p=0.006), smoked meat (p=0.001), Soda (p<0.001) and GSTM1 null genotype (p=0.003) were significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer among women in Mizoram. Significantly protective effect was observed for intake of bamboo shoots (p=<0.001) and egg (p<0.001). A clear increase in dose response gradient was observed for total cooking dish years. Risk for lung cancer tends to increase with collegial effect of indoor environmental sources (p=0.022). Significant correlation was also observed for interaction of GST polymorphisms with some of dietary habits. Conclusions: We confirmed the important role of exposure of cooking oil emission and wood smoke, intake of smoked meat, smoked fish and soda (an alkali preparation used as food additives in Mizoram) and tobacco consumption for increase risk of lung cancer among Women in Mizoram.

Interaction of XRCC1 and XPD Gene Polymorphisms with Lifestyle and Environmental Factors Regarding Susceptibility to Lung Cancer in a High Incidence Population in North East India

  • Saikia, Bhaskar Jyoti;Phukan, Rup Kumar;Sharma, Santanu Kumar;Sekhon, Gaganpreet Singh;Mahanta, Jagadish
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.1993-1999
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    • 2014
  • Background: This study aimed to explore the role of XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XPD (Lys751Gln) gene polymorphisms, lifestyle and environmental factors as well as their possible interactions in propensity to develop lung cancer in a population with high incidence from North East India. Materials and Methods: A total of 272 lung cancer cases and 544 controls were collected and XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XPD (Lys751Gln) genotypes were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Conditional multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for confounding factors. Results: The combined Gln/Gln genotype of XRCC1 and XPD genes (OR=2.78, CI=1.05-7.38; p=0.040) was significantly associated with increased risk for lung cancer. Interaction of XRCC1Gln/Gln genotype with exposure of wood combustion (OR=2.56, CI=1.16-5.66; p=0.020), exposure of cooking oil fumes (OR=3.45, CI=1.39-8.58; p=0.008) and tobacco smoking (OR=2.54, CI=1.21-5.32; p=0.014) and interaction of XPD with betel quid chewing (OR=2.31, CI=1.23-4.32; p=0.009) and tobacco smoking (OR=2.13, CI=1.12-4.05; p=0.022) were found to be significantly associated with increased risk for lung cancer. Conclusions: Gln/Gln alleles of both XRCC1 and XPD genes appear to amplify the effects of household exposure, smoking and betel quid chewing on lung cancer risk in the study population.

건강가정지원센터 표준화 모델 개발을 위한 기초연구 (The Basic Study of Development on Standard Model in Family Support Center)

  • 박정윤;강기정
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.147-160
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    • 2011
  • This purpose of research is to offer basic materials for analyzing organizational structure in an effort to develop a standardized model that considers regional characteristics with the ultimate goal being the establishment of a National Health and Family Support Center. Research methods include aliterature survey data. The research target is 94 centers run by the National Health Family Support Center training. These are assessed in terms of their regional characteristics. The objectives of this paper are as follows: 1. To look at the present National Healthy Family Support Center's yearly conditions investigate the regional characteristics. 2. To analyze the National Healthy Family Support Center's annual organizational managements and operations characteristics. 3. To analyze the National Healthy Family Support Center's regional characteristics (Urban-only-, Urban-Rural Integration, Rural-only-) in terms of its organizational management and operations. First, at the national, county, and ward levels, Health and Family Support Center can have family intervention purpose. Regional Center should be operated to keep pace with custom of different regions. Standardization can also be beneficial, including considerations such as agricultural needs and a type center. Effective center operations should also ensured. Second, standardized development model I had to insert this here because you mention one in the following paragraph. Original did not make sense. I hope this is what you meant.

Web GIS기반의 수계기반 표토정보 시스템 개발 (Development of Watershed-based Surface Soil Information System based on Web GIS)

  • 성윤수;이동준;임경재;양재의;이서로;김종건
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.94-103
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    • 2017
  • Surface soil is one of the most important resources that have many functions for human needs such as conservation of water resource, purification of contaminated materials, and productivity of food or energy. However, the surface soil is a limited resource that cannot be recovered readily for a long time once it is lost by erosion. In Korea, the Ministry of Environment enacted the notification on the investigation of surface soil erosion and corresponding countermeasures. As the results, database of soil quality assess criteria (biomass, groundwater recharge, habitat, carbon storage, buffer, and soil loss) was established, and the web-based system that can evaluate surface soil conditions was developed. However, non-experts have difficulties in using the system because the system requires in-depth knowledge about soil qualities. In this study, the Web Geographic Information System (GIS) watershed-based surface soil information system was developed to improve usability of the system and accessibility of soil quaility database. The system provides the current condition of surface soil characteristics and GIS-based soil data at selected locations. The users are able to download soil quality data in different districts, watersheds, and special regions allocated by TauDEM module. The system developed in this study would valuable surface soil information for studies of soil quality and its environmental effects, and thereby contributing to establishing more appropriate and robust soil conservation laws.

항만관련산업이 지역경제에 미치는 영향 (An Effect of Port-related Industry on Regional Economy)

  • 정분도;홍금우
    • 한국항만경제학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.303-320
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    • 2009
  • 우리나라는 1960년대 이후 대외지향적 성장정책을 추구하여 괄목할 만한 성과를 거두었다. 즉 원자재와 부품을 수입하여 이를 제조 가공 수출함으로써 경제발전을 이루었던 것이다. 따라서 우리나라의 항만산업은 대외교역을 뒷받침하는 기간산업으로서 핵심적인 역할을 수행해 왔다. 항만산업의 발전은 자체적인 부가가치 생산 및 고용창출효과 이외에도 국민경제 전반의 물류효율화 및 물류비절감에 기여함으로써 대외경쟁력을 향상시키게 된다. 이러한 항만산업의 경제적 중요성에도 불구하고 이에 대한 국민적 인식은 대체로 낮은 편이다. 그리고 우리나라 항만산업의 발전여건은 상당히 열악한 편이며 특히 우리나라 주요 선사들의 선박확보량을 감축하는 추세에 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항만관련 산업이 지역경제에 미치는 영향을 지역산업연관표를 이용하여 살펴보는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 정책적 시사점을 제시하면, 국가의 기반산업을 시장논리로만 접근할 경우 시장실패시치러야할 대가가 매우 크기 때문이다. 또한 우리나라 자체적인 항만산업을 유지하고 발전없이 외국에 의지할 경우, 국가비상시의 수송수단 확보, 외국업체들의 담합에 의한 운임상승, 국내하주들의 안정적인 운송수단 확보 등에 있어서 문제가 야기될 경우 국가 경제에 미치는 영향은 막대할 수 있다. 정부와 관련업계는 컨테이너 화물 유치를 위해 온갖 노력을 기울이고, 적극적인 항만마케팅전략을 수립해야 한다. 또한 부가가치 창출에 힘쓰는가 하면 항만배후지역을 보세구역화하여 수출입물량의 가공, 포장 등을 통해 재수출하도록 지원해야 한다.

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지역대표도서관 공동보존서고 운영에 관한 연구 - 부산도서관을 중심으로 - (A Study on the Operation of a Collaborative Repository of the Regional Central Library: Focused on the Busan Metropolitan Library)

  • 강은영
    • 한국비블리아학회지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.55-76
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    • 2022
  • 「제3차 도서관발전종합계획」에서는 공공도서관의 공통적인 문제로 장서수장문제가 부각됨에 따라 지역 단위 공동보존서고 설치를 통한 공간확보의 필요성을 제기하고 있다. 「도서관법」 및 「도서관법시행령」 역시 지역 도서관 자료에 대한 통합적 관리의 책임을 지역대표도서관에 부과하고 있다. 이에 이 연구는 지역대표도서관 중 본격적으로 공동보존서고를 운영하고 있는 부산도서관을 연구대상으로 하여 공동보존서고의 운영현황과 공동보존서고에 대한 관내 공공도서관 사서의 인식을 조사하였다. 연구에 필요한 데이터는 설문조사와 인터뷰, 현장조사, 내부자료 분석 등을 통하여 입수하였다. 이를 통해 향후 부산도서관 공동보존서고를 효율적으로 운영할 수 있는데 도움이 되는 기초적인 데이터를 제공함과 동시에 타지역 대표도서관 공동보존서고 운영에 참고할 만한 기초자료를 제시하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract and its active component gypenoside L improve the exercise performance of treadmill-trained mice

  • Kim, Yoon Hee;Jung, Jae In;Jeon, Young Eun;Kim, So Mi;Hong, Su Hee;Kim, Tae Young;Kim, Eun Ji
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.298-313
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    • 2022
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of natural compounds in improving athletic ability has attracted attention in both sports and research. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) leaves are used to make traditional herbal medicines in Asia. The active components of G. pentaphyllum, dammarane saponins, or gypenosides, possess a range of biological activities. On the other hand, the anti-fatigue effects from G. pentaphyllum extract (GPE) and its effective compound, gypenoside L (GL), remain to be determined. MATERIALS/METHODS: This study examined the effects of GPE on fatigue and exercise performance in ICR mice. GPE was administered orally to mice for 6 weeks, with or without treadmill training. The biochemical analysis in serum, glycogen content, mRNA, and protein expressions of the liver and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS: The ExGPE (exercise with 300 mg/kg body weight/day of GPE) mice decreased the fat mass percentage significantly compared to the ExC mice, while the ExGPE showed the greatest lean mass percentage compared to the ExC group. The administration of GPE improved the exercise endurance and capacity in treadmill-trained mice, increased glucose and triglycerides, and decreased the serum creatine kinase and lactate levels after intensive exercise. The muscle glycogen levels were higher in the ExGPE group than the ExC group. GPE increased the level of mitochondrial biogenesis by enhancing the phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein and the mRNA expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial DNA, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ, superoxide dismutase 2, and by decreasing the lactate dehydrogenase B level in the soleus muscle (SOL). GPE also improved PGC-1α activation in the SOL significantly through AMPK/p38 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that GPE supplementation enhances exercise performance and has anti-fatigue activity. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanism was elucidated. Therefore, GPE is a promising candidate for developing functional foods and enhancing the exercise capacity and anti-fatigue activity.

비파괴 밀도시험을 통한 아스팔트 콘크리트의 공극률 추정 연구 (Estimation of Air Voids of Asphalt Concrete Using Non-destructive Density Testing)

  • 나일호;이성진;윤지현;김광우
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제60권6호
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    • pp.111-119
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    • 2018
  • The air-void is known to be one of the influencing factors for estimating long-term performance of asphalt concrete. Most of all, confirming air void or density of pavement layer is important for quality control of field compaction level of asphalt concrete pavement. In this study, a non-nuclear type non-destructive density gage (NDDG) was used to estimate compacted air-voids of asphalt pavement as a non-destructive test method. Asphalt concrete slab specimens were prepared using 6 types of asphalt mixes in laboratory (lab) for lab NDDG test. Four different base structure materials were used to find out if there were any differences due to the type of base structure materials. The actual air-voids and NDDG air-voids were measured from 6 asphalt concrete slabs. Four sections of field asphalt pavements were tested using the NDDG, and actual air voids were also measured from field cores taken from the site where the NDDG air-void was measured. From lab and field experimental tests, it was found that the air-voids obtained by NDDG were not the same as the actual air-voids measured from the asphalt concrete specimen. However, it was possible to estimate air voids based on the relationship obtained from regression analysis between actual and NDDG air voids. The predicted air-voids based on the NDDG air-voids obtained from 50mm depth were found to be reliable levels with $R^2{\fallingdotseq}0.9$. Therefore, it was concluded that the air-voids obtained from NDDG could be used to estimate actual air-voids in the field asphalt pavement with a relatively high coefficient of determination.