• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.369-382
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• 2016

본 연구는 제주도 촌락 가옥의 유형과 특성을 고찰하는 연구이다. 제주도 촌락 가옥의 유형을 지붕 형태, 지붕 재료, 외벽 재료를 중심으로 고찰하고, 경남 촌락 가옥의 유형과 비교하면서 그 특성을 논의한다. 이러한 촌락 가옥에 대한 연구는 오늘날의 촌락 경관을 이해하기 위하여 반드시 필요한 연구라고 본다. 제주도 촌락 가옥에서는 우진각지붕이나 우진각지붕/평지붕의 지붕 형태가 가장 많고, 그 다음으로는 단순평지붕 맞배지붕 눈썹평지붕 등의 지붕 형태가 다수를 차지한다. 그리고 컬러강판, 인조슬레이트, 시멘트, 기와/시멘트, 슬레이트/시멘트 등의 지붕 재료 사용 빈도가 높다. 외벽 재료에서는 시멘트를 단일 재료로 사용한 가옥이 과반수를 차지하고, 그 다음으로 현무암석재/시멘트, 타일/시멘트, 타일, 사이딩 등을 사용한 가옥이 많다. 제주도 촌락 가옥은 지붕 형태와 외벽 재료의 특성이라는 측면에서 경남 촌락 가옥과 사뭇 다른 특성을 나타낸다. 제주도 촌락 가옥의 가장 두드러지는 특성으로는 우진각지붕 가옥이 매우 많다는 점, 팔작지붕 가옥이 매우 희귀하다는 점, 현무암석재를 외벽 재료로 사용한 가옥이 많다는 점 등을 들 수 있다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2013

Composites of platinum and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared in various reduction conditions and characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The MWNTs were functionalized with carboxylic acid and/or hydroxyl groups in acidic solutions prior to the formation of MWNT-Pt composites. Platinum nanoparticles were deposited onto the chemically-oxidized MWNTs in 1-propanol and 1,3-propanediol. The reduction of Pt precursors in other solutions could induce differences in their morphologies in composite thin films. The morphologies of MWNTs with Pt deposited were dependent on the reduction solutions, and the electrocatalytic activities on alcohols changed accordingly. The electrochemical activities of the as-prepared MWNT-Pt thin films on common alcohols such as methanol and ethanol were investigated.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.659-664
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• 2016

Thermal and electrical conductivities of the natural, artificial, and expandable graphites were analyzed after treatment in NaOH aqueous solution. In order to investigate the elimination of the oxidized groups and impurities on the graphite surfaces after NaOH treatment, the graphite samples were structurally characterized by using XRD, XPS, Raman, FE-SEM. The thermal and electrical conductivities of the graphite samples were significantly improved after NaOH treatment. These results were caused by the structural rehabiliation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7277-7281
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• 2013

Background: Globally, there have been important changes in trends amongst gender, histology and smoking patterns of lung cancer cases. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 466 patients with lung cancer who were registered in Regional Cancer Center, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Manipur from January 2008 to December 2012. Results: Most were more than 60 years of age (67.8%) with a male: female ratio of 1.09:1. Some 78.8% of patients were chronic smokers with male smoker to female smoker ratio of 1.43:1. Consumption of alcohol was found in 29.4%, both smoking and alcohol in 27.5%, betel nut chewing in 37.9% and tobacco chewing in 25.3%. A history of tuberculosis was present in 16.3% of patients. The most frequent symptom was coughing (36.6%) and most common radiological presentation was a mass lesion (70%). Most of the patients had primary lung cancer in the right lung (60.3%). The most common histological subtype was squamous cell carcinoma (49.1%), also in the 40-60 year age group (45.9%), more than 60 year age group (51.6%), males (58.1%) and females (41.8%). As many as 91.9% of squamous cell carcinoma patients had a history of smoking. About 32.5% of patients had distant metastasis at presentation with brain (23.8%) and positive malignant cells in pleural effusions (23.1%) as common sites. The majority of patients were in stage III (34.4%), stage IV (32.5%) and stage II (30.2%). Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that the gender gap has been narrowed such that about half of the patients diagnosed with lung cancer are women in this part of India. This alarming rise in female incidence is mainly attributed to an increased smoking pattern. Squamous cell carcinoma still remains the commonest histological subtype. Most of the patients were elderly aged and presented at locally or distantly advanced stages.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3619-3623
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• 2014

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the vaginal dose and toxicity in patients of cervical cancer treated with image guided brachytherapy at our institute. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients treated with image based brachytherapy for cervical cancer were included. Vaginal contouring was done on MRI at brachytherapy and with CT scans of subsequent brachytherapy fractions. Dose volume parameters (DVH) were reported in accordance with the GEC-ESTRO guidelines. These were correlated with vaginal toxicity (assessed by CTCAE version 3) and quality of sexual life assessed at one year of completion of treatment. Results: Vaginal shortness was observed in 22 out of 30 (62.8%) patients, Nine (25.7%) had vaginal dryness and in 10 (28.5%) patients, there was contact bleeding. No association could be demonstrated between the dose volume parameters and vaginal toxicity in the present study. Conclusions: The lack of association between dose volume parameters of vagina with vaginal morbidity may be due to uncertainties involved in the delineation of vaginal wall and dosimetry. Future research is required to accurately define vaginal dose distribution to study its correlation with vaginal morbidity. Vaginal morbidity needs to be documented in order to improve the sexual outcome in these patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2895-2899
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• 2016

Background: Increasing breast cancer (BC) incidence rates have been reported from India; causal factors for this increased incidence are not understood and diagnosis is mostly in advanced stages. Trivandrum exhibits the highest BC incidence rates in India. This study aimed to estimate trends in incidence by age from 2005-2014, to predict rates through 2020 and to assess the stage at diagnosis of BC in Trivandrum. Materials and Methods: BC cases were obtained from the Population Based Cancer Registry, Trivandrum. Distribution of stage at diagnosis and incidence rates of BC [Age-specific (ASpR), crude (CR) and age-standardized (ASR)] are described and employed with a joinpoint regression model to estimate average annual percent changes (AAPC) and a Bayesian model to estimate predictive rates. Results: BC accounts for 31% (2681/8737) of all female cancers in Trivandrum. Thirty-five percent (944/2681) are <50 years of age and only 9% present with stage I disease. Average age increased from 53 to 56.4 years (p=0.0001), CR (per $10^5$ women) increased from 39 (ASR: 35.2) to 55.4 (ASR: 43.4), AAPC for CR was 5.0 (p=0.001) and ASR was 3.1 (p=0.001). Rates increased from 50 years. Predicted ASpR is 174 in 50-59 years, 231 in > 60 years and overall CR is 80 (ASR: 57) for 2019-20. Conclusions: BC, mostly diagnosed in advanced stages, is rising rapidly in South India with large increases likely in the future; particularly among post-menopausal women. This increase might be due to aging and/or changes in lifestyle factors. Reasons for the increased incidence and late stage diagnosis need to be studied.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2019

The effect of boronizing on mechanical properties including wear behavior and hardness of Inconel 625 superalloy were investigated. The cross-section observation demonstrated that boronized samples were composed of multi-phase boride layer (Cr_xB_x, Ni₂B), diffusion layer, and substrate. The boride and diffusion layers were increased with increasing treatment temperature and holding time. However, Cr_xB_x layer was partially peeled off when it treated 1000℃. Subsequently, boride layer was completely separated from substrate with increasing temperature and time. A partial peeling of Cr_xB_x layer is not noticeably degraded mechanical properties. In particular, friction coefficient and wear resistance were enhanced in lack of Cr_xB_x phase. Therefore, these results suggest that a Ni₂B phase mainly contribute to wear behavior on boronized Inconel 625 superalloy.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2019

More than 90% of roadway in the world are paved as asphalt concrete pavement due to its excellent properties compared with other paving materials; excellent riding quality, flexibility, anti-icing property and easy maintenance-ability. In this study, to make best use of the softer property of the asphalt mixture, the flexible sand asphalt mixture (FSAM) was developed for pedestrian ways. The mix design was conducted to prepare FSAM using PG64-22 asphalt, screenings (sand) less than 5mm, crumb rubber, hydrated lime and limestone powder without coarse aggregate. The deformation strength ($S_D$), indirect tensile strength (ITS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) tests were conducted to make sure durability of FSAM performance. The impact energy absorption and flexibility were measured by drop-boll test and the resilient modulus ($M_R$) test. The impact energy absorption of FSAM was compared with normal asphalt pavement, concrete pavement, stone and concrete block for pedestrian way. As a result of drop-boll test, FSAM showed higher impact energy absorption compared with other paving materials with the range of 18% to 43%. Impact energy absorption of FSAM increased with increasing test temperature from 5 to $40^{\circ}C$. The results of $M_R$ test at $5^{\circ}C$ showed that the flexibility of FSPA was increased further, because the $M_R$ value of the sand asphalt was measured to be 38% lower than normal dense-graded asphalt mixture (WC-1). Therefore, it was concluded that the FSAM could provide a high impact absorbing characteristics, which would improve walking quality of the pedestrian ways.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제23권
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• pp.211-252
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• 1995

This study aims is users ensuring in public libraries and ma-eul libraries in Chang-Won city. For this purpose, This is survived about regional inhabitants and regional community. The actual conditions of public libraries and ma-eul libraries have been investigated and analysed about 4 libraries in Chang-won city. (Chang-won library, Chang-won city library, Sapa Dong-sung ma-eul library and Bong-gok ma-eul library). The ways of Users ensuring are as follows. 1. It can be formed village common lives through ma-eul library. 2. Fundamental libraries must establish in Chang-won city, and library materials must be common use. For this, All libraries must link regional information network. 3. For the strategy of ensuring the 'core-users', it is suggested from the community and inhabitants study.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.463-481
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• 2009

Regional Agricultural Cluster(RAC) at Asan area has been formed with Purundeul farming union corporation(Purundeul) as the center from the year 2005. Originally, RAC has been proceeded by Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MFAFF) all over the nation from 2005. This RAC has helped Asan area to establish the foundation of environmentally friendly agriculture(EFA) searching for nutritional cycle. This also made jumping age turn developing age in EFA at Asan area. The number of Purundeul producer members was 386 farmers in 2008. Purundeul introduced organic livestock farming(Korean beef cattle; Hanwoo) for proceeding EFA searching for nutritional cycle in 2007, and had 719 cattle at the end of March 2009. Feedstuff materials for organic livestock is mostly produced from seeding farming by-products within Asan or the country. Asan RAC had built factories for feedstuff producing and beef processing with producers' investment.