• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.560-567
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• 2016

본 연구는 커피의 부산물로 발생되는 커피박으로 침출주를 제조함으로써 커피박의 산업적 활용 가치 재고를 알아보기 위하여 진행되었다. 커피박의 항산화 활성과 생리활성 물질을 분석, 비교하기 위하여 커피와 커피박을 각각 25%와 35% 담금술에 침지하여 CL, CGL를 제조하였다. 제조한 담금술을 대학생을 대상으로 관능평가를 실시한 결과 상대적으로 CGL가 CL에 비해 상대적으로 우수한 기호도를 보였다. 기호도가 높은 CGL와 기호도가 낮은 CL의 항산화 활성 정도를 비교하기 위해 동량의 건조물을 이용해 총 페놀 함량과 항산화 활성 실험을 실시하였다. 총 페놀 함량 분석 결과 35% CGL(1개월)이 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$에서 169.5 mg GAE/g of dried extract으로 가장 높게 나왔고, 항산화 활성 실험 결과 CE와 CL, CGL 모두 유사한 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성과 FRAP 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 커피 가공 부산물인 커피박에도 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성과 FRAP 활성을 유도하는 phytochemical로서의 생리활성 물질이 잔존하는 것으로 판단된다. 결국 커피박에도 커피와 유사하게 생리활성 물질이 존재하는지 알아보기 위하여 동량의 건조물을 이용해 HPLC 정성 정량 분석을 실시한 결과 CGL(35.0~38.5 mg/g of dried extract)는 CE(34.9 mg/g of dried extract)에 비해 클로로겐산 함량이 0.3~10.5% 가량 더 많았고, CGL(39.2~42.1 mg/g of dried extract)는 CE(35.6 mg/g of dried extract)에 비해 카페인 함량이 10.0~18.2% 가량 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 종합해볼 때, 커피 가공 부산물인 커피박이 대표적인 생리활성 물질로 알려진 클로로겐산과 카페인을 일정 수준 이상으로 함유하고 있어 커피와 유사한 라디칼 소거활성 등 in vitro 항산화 활성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 더불어 침출주의 경우 커피 대비 기호도도 상대적으로 우수하여 산업적으로 충분히 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제109권4호
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• pp.492-503
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• 2020

본 연구는 우리나라 전역에 분포하고 있는 대표적 활엽수인 신갈나무와 굴참나무 5,005본을 벌채·수집하여 수간의 부후 조사를 실시하였다. 전국적으로 5개 대권역 27개 지역 소권역별로 분포면적 대비 표본수를 고르게 할당하여 신갈나무 2,504본, 굴참나무 2,501본을 공시목으로 선정하여 벌채 후, 그루터기의 부후조사를 상흔(상처흔적), 조직고사 및 탈색, 할렬, 동공의 4가지 형태로 조사하였다. 부후율은 신갈나무가 66.1%, 굴참나무가 31.5%로 신갈나무가 굴참나무에 비하여 두 배 이상 높았다(p < 0.001). 지역별 비교에서 신갈나무는 중부청(76.5%), 북부청(74.8%), 동부청(65.7%), 굴참나무는 북부(38.6%), 남부(37.8%), 동부청(32.9%) 권역 순으로 나타났으며, 두 수종 모두 5개 대권역 간에는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.05, p < 0.001). 또한 수간부후는 두 수종 모두 직경의 증가에 따라서 역시 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으며(p < 0.001, p < 0.05), 수령에 따른 수간부후도 대체적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 신갈나무에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 부후형태는 직경과 수령이 증가할수록 신갈나무는 대부분 조직고사 및 탈색의 부후형태 단계, 굴참나무는 상흔단계를 보이고 있었다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2012

다목적실용위성 3A호에 탑재되는 고해상도의 중적외선 영상자료에 대한 지표면 식별 특성을 파악하기 위하여, 고해상도 중적외선 영상 획득이 가능한 AHS(Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner) 자료를 사용하여 중적외선 영상 자료의 지표면 온도 산출 가능성과 토지피복도 분류 정확도를 평가하였다. 먼저 AHS 열적외선 자료로 작성한 지표면 온도 영상과 AHS 중적외선 각 밴드의 화소값을 비교한 결과 주간과 야간 모두 밴드 68(중심파장 $4.64{\mu}m$)의 결정계수가 0.74이상으로 가장 높았다. 다음으로 AHS 중적외선 밴드를 이용하여 토지피복도를 작성한 결과 주간의 경우 지붕, 도로, 초지, 식생, 수역 등이 구분 가능했지만 야간의 경우 초지와 식생, 도로와 수역, 지붕과 도로 등 일부 클래스들이 서로 중복되어 나타났다. AHS 중적외선 밴드의 지표면 식별 능력의 향상 가능성을 파악하기 위하여 주간과 야간자료의 편차 영상을 구하여 토지피복도를 작성한 결과 Zone 1과 Zone 2의 소지역별 분류정확도가 각각 67.5%, 64.3%로서, 주간 또는 야간 중적외선 밴드로 작성된 토지피복도에 비해 10% 이상 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 고해상도 중적외선 밴드 영상자료는 지표면온도 산출시 지표 피복 특성을 고려한 알고리즘 개발이 요구되며, 지표면 식별 능력은 주간에 비해 야간이 낮으므로 주간과 야간의 편차 영상을 이용할 경우 지표면 식별 능력을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.201-216
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• 1973

Being believed thus far to be distributed in the wide areas in the vicinity of Seoul, the capital city of Korea, the Yonchon System in its type locality in Yonchon-gun from which the name derived was never previously traced down or correlated to the Precambrian metamorphic complex in Seoul area where the present study was carried out. Due to in accessibility to Yonchon area, the writer also could not trace the system down to the area studied so as to correlate them. The present study endeavored to differentiate general stratigraphy and interprete the structure of the metamorphic complex in the area. In spite of the complexity of structure and rapid changes in lithofacies of the complex, it was succeeded to find out the key bed by which the stratigraphy and structure of the area could be straightened out. The keybeds were the Buchon limestone bed in the western parts of the area; Daisongri quartzite bed cropped out in the southeastern area; Jangrak quartzite bed scattered in the several localities in the northwest, southwest, and eastern parts of the area; and Earn quartzite bed isolated in the eastern part of the area. These keybeds together with the broad regional structure made it possible to differentiated the Precambrian rocks in ascending order into the Kyonggi metamorphic complex, Jangrak group and Chunsung group which are in clinounconformable relation, and the first complex were again separated in ascending order into Buchon, Sihung, and Yangpyong metermorphic groups. Althcugh it has being vaguely called as the Yonchon system thus far, the Kyonggi metamorphic complex have never been studied before. The complex might, however, belong to early to early-middle Precambrian age. The Jangrak and Chunsung group were correlated to the Sangwon system in North Korea by the writer (1972), but it became apparent that the rocks of the groups have different lithology and highly metamorphosd than those of the Sangwon system which has thick sequence of limestone and slightly metamorphosed. Being deposited in the margin of the basin, it is natural that the groups poccess terrestrial sediments rather than limestone, yet no explanation is at hand as to what was the cause of bringing such difference in grade of metamorphism. Thus the writer attempted to correlate the both groups to those of pre-Sangwon and post-Yonchon which might be middle to early-late Precambrian time. Judging from difference in grade of deformation and unconformity between the Kyonggi metamorphic complex, Jangrak group, and Chunsung group, three stages of orogeny were established: the Kyonggi, Jangrak orogenies, and Chunsung disturbance toward younger age. It is rather astonishing to point out that the structure of these Precambrian formations. was not effected by Daebo orogeny of Jurassic age. The post-tectonic block faulting was accompanied by these orogenies, and in consequence NNE and N-S trending faults were originated. These faulting were intermittented and repeated until Daebo orogeny at which granites intruded along these faults. The manifestation of alignment of these faults is indicated by the parallel and straight linear development of valleys and streams in the Kyonggi Massifland.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.179-185
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• 1988

Present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the lead contents of various feedstuffs produced in Korea and the effect of the burning of gasoline by automobiles on the lead contents. Ninety-one samples near and 95 far road were collected from 9 regions(Do). All of the samples were washed, dry-ashed and analyzed for lead content using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean values obtained were checked for significance of difference using computer. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. The lead content in ${\mu}g/g$ of agriculture-byproducts were measured with the following mean values and ranges(in parentheses). Rice bran: $2.07{\pm}1.67$ (0-5.00), rice hull $1.84{\pm}1.18$ (0-3.71), rice straw, $1.27{\pm}1.09$ (0-3.62), soybean pod:$4.55{\pm}3.13$ ($1.13{\pm}10.43$), and wheat bran: $1.69{\pm}0.86$ (0-3.65). 2. The lead content in ${\mu}g/g$ of pasture plants were measured with the following mean values and ranges. Kudzu:$2.71{\pm}1.74$ ($0.38{\pm}8.75$), leed: $2.03{\pm}1.61$ (0-4.54), lespedeza:$4.73{\pm}5.93$ (0-31.25), sagebrush: $4.08{\pm}3.75$ (0-12.18), Korean-grass: $2.11{\pm}1.38$ (0-5.50), maizestalk: $2.62{\pm}2.35$ (0-8.65), clover: $3.83{\pm}2.97$ (0-12.19), alfalfa: $7.14{\pm}0.97$ (4.46-9.25), and timothy: $5.86{\pm}4.79$ (0-9.25). 3. Fourteen samples (22.2%) out of 63 agriculture-byproduct samples and 42 (34.2%) out of 123 pasture plant samples showed lead content of more than $3{\mu}g/g$ which are said to be the upper limit value for cattle. 4. No significant difference between the mean lead contents of near road, and those of far road was recorgnized. 5. The regional mean values for all kinds of samples collected in Kyungbuk and Kyungnam were significantly (p<0.05, p<0.10) higher compared to those in Chungnam and Jejudo.6. From these results it may be concluded that the burning of gasoline by automobiler did not affect on the lead contentes of washed feedstuffs produced in Korea at present.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.365-375
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the maximal elongation rate and area expansion ratio of human skin in various postures. Five males and five females (male: $23{\pm}2yr$ in age, $177.9{\pm}4.8cm$ in height, $76.7{\pm}8.8kg$ in body weight, $24.2{\pm}2.5$ in BMI, $16.2{\pm}3.4%$ in body fat; female: $22{\pm}1yr$, $163.2{\pm}3.6cm$, $51.4{\pm}2.7kg$, $19.3{\pm}1.6$, $27.4{\pm}6.7%BF$) participated in this study. Measurements were conducted using a pen and tape on the elbow, knee, wrist, shoulder, and neck. Subjects held postures so that each joint of the body regions was bent at its maximal level. The results were as follows: 1) The maximal elongation rate of skin showed a significant difference among the regions: $16.6{\pm}3.4%$ for the wrist, $22.4{\pm}5.5%$ for the neck (back), $37.6{\pm}11.3%$ for the shoulder, $42.6{\pm}10.0%$ for the knee, and $43.9{\pm}4.0%$ for the elbow (p<0.05). 2) The maximal expansion rate of the body surface area had the greatest values on the elbow ($93.7{\pm}6.4%$) and knee ($74.8{\pm}10.8%$). 3) No significant difference was found between males and females. In summary, maximal values of skin elongation and expansion rates in vivo were greater than in vitro values known from previous reports. These results can be applied to develop electronic fibers or textiles for wearable tight fit work clothing as well as fitness wear.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2003

Human beings have pursued development and economic betterment; thus, enhancing convenience and prosperity. A flourish of human civilization upon the industrialization results a massive urbanization. However, human beings have connived the environmental importance in the course of rapid urbanization. The environmental quality now becomes one of the most important factors that determine the quality of life in a city. Many studies were proceeded about the heat island effect in large cities. In general, most studies have been done to investigate urban microclimate phenomena using meteorological network or AWS (automatic weather station) data. Those preceding studies do not seem to sufficiently reflect the and thus, failed to show regional representative. In this study, temporal Landsat TM satellite imageries of May 20, 1987 and May 21, 1999 were 뻐d in order to detect the surface temperature of the study area using the band 6 ($10.4{\mu}m{\sim}12.5{\mu}m$). The surface temperature distribution detected by the band 6 of Landsat TM was over layed with the land cover classification data in order to investigate the temperature difference of the paved road and the riparian areas of the stream. As a result, a surface temperature difference as much as $3^{\circ}C$ between the paved road and the riparian areas with vegetation was observed. This study concludes that the land cover change is one of the main causes of urban heat island effect which may be closely affected by the paved areas and roads. Besides, the change of the atmospheric temperature followed by the urban secular change could have been confirmed. In the case of Yangjaecheon stream which underwent a heavy environmental restoration in 1995, the temperature was decreased as much as $0.6^{\circ}C$ after the restoration. The results of this study is expected to contribute to develop an urban space in harmony with the healthy human life and the environment respecting the crucial role of vegetation to stabilize the urban environmental dynamics.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1234-1243
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 지역사회획득 폐렴 입원 환자의 재원일수의 변이를 분석하기 위해 중증도 모형을 개발하였다. 2004~2006년 퇴원손상환자 조사자료 중 지역사회획득 폐렴환자 5,353건을 연구대상으로 하였으며, 재원일수의 차이분석은 t검정, 분산분석을 실시하였고, 중증도 보정 재원일수 예측 모형은 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용하였다. 여자에 비해 남자, 연령이 많을수록, 의료급여, 응급실 경유 환자의 재원일수가 긴 반면, 병원사망 여부에 따라서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 개발된 의사결정나무 모형을 이용하여 예측 재원일수를 산출하고 표준화한 값을 비교한 결과 타지역 진료여부에 따라서 재원일수의 차이는 없는 반면, 보험유형과 지역별로 재원일수의 변이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 환자 특성과 중증도를 통제하고 나타난 재원일수의 변이는 공급자 요인으로 설명될 수 있는데, 진료행태나 의료자원에 대한 후속 연구가 필요한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 행정 데이터를 이용하여 중증도 모형을 개발하고 변이를 확인하였다는 점에서 활용의 효용성을 높이는 데 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.385-396
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• 2006

GPS 안테나 절대 PCV를 이용한 결과가 가지고 있는 지구 축척문제가 GPS 위성 안테나의 PCV 추정을 통해 해결되면서, IGS는 기존에 사용해오던 상대 PCV에서 절대 PCV로의 전환을 준비하고 있다. 이에 따라 전 세계 모든 GPS 고정밀 자료처리는 절대 PCV를 사용하여 수행될 예정이다. 그러므로 향후 국내 GPS 관측망 자료처리의 일관성과 안정성 확보를 위해 기존의 상대 PCV를 이용한 자료처리 결과와 절대 PCV를 적용한 결과를 비교 분석할 필요가 있다. 이 논문에서는 절대 PCV의 사용이 GPS 정밀측위에 미치는 영향을 GPS 망 자료처리를 통해 분석하였다. 기선의 길이와 안테나 레이돔의 영향을 알아보기 위해 1000km이상의 기선을 갖도록 IGS 기준국인 중국의 베이징, 우한과 우리나라의 대전, 수원을 사용하여 GPS 망을 구성하고 자료처리를 수행하였다. 기선의 길이가 1000km 이상인 경우 평균 1.33cm의 수직방향 차이를 보였고, 여기에 레이돔을 고려했을 경우 평균 2.97cm의 차이를 보였다. 절대 PCV적용이 국내 GPS망 자료처리에 미치는 영향을 시험하기 위해 한국천문연구원의 상시관측소 9개 중 데이터 품질이 종은 7개의 관측소에 대해 상대 PCV와 절대 PCV를 각각 적용한 결과를 서로 비교 분석하였다. 수직방향의 차이는 평균 0.12cm로써 국내 지역망에서는 그 효과가 크지 않음을 확인하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.307-313
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• 1994

Purpose : Maxillary sinus cancers usually are locally advanced and involve the structures around sinus. It is uncommon for this cancer to spread to the regional lymph-nodes. For this reason, local control is of paramount important for cure. A policy of combined treatment is generally accepted as the most effective means of enhancing cure rartes. This paper reports our experience of a retrospective study of 31 Patients treated with radiation therapy alone and combination therapy of surgery and radiation. Materials and Methods: Between July 1974 and January 1992, 47 Patients with maxillary sinus cancers underwent either radiation therpay alone or combination therapy of surgery and radiation. Of these, only 31 patients were eligible for analysis. The distribution of clinical stage by the AJCC system was $26\%$(8/31) for T2 and $74\%$(23/31) for T3 and T4. Eight patients had palpable lymphadenopathy at diagnosis. Primary site was treated by Cobalt-60 radiation therapy using through a $45^{\circ}$ wedge-pair technique. Elective neck irradiation was not routinely given. Of these 8 patients, the six who had clinically involved nodes were treated with definite radiation therapy. The other two patients had received radical neck dissection. The twenty-two patients were treated with radiation alone and 9 patients were treated with combination radiation therapy, The RT alone patients with RT dose less than 60 Gy were 9 and those above 60 Gy were 13. Results : The overall 5 year survival rate was $23.8\%$. The 5 year survival rate by T-stage was $60.5\%$ and $7.9\%$ for T2 and T3,4, respectively. Statistical significance was found by T-stage(p<0.005). The 5 year survival rate by N-stage was $30\%$ for N (-) and $8.3\%$ for N(+), but statistically no significant difference was seen(p${\geq}$0.1). The 5 year survival rate for RT alone and combination RT was $22.5\%$ and $27.4\%$, respectively. The primary local control rate was $65\%$ (20/31). Conclusion : This study did not show significant difference in survival between RT alone and combination RT. There is still much controversy with regard to which treatment is optimum. Improved RT technique and development of multimodality treatment are essential to improve the local control and the survival rate in patients with advanced maxillary sinus cancer.