• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.33 no.7
• /
• pp.697-702
• /
• 2000

The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the compensatory nutrition regimen modulates lactation performance and milk protein gene expression in the first and second lactation cycles. Female rats(28 days of age) were assigned to 1)control ad libitum ; 2) stari-step compensatory nutrition(SSCN) regimen an alternating 3-2-3-4-week schedule beginning with an energy restriction diet(40% restriction) for 3 weeks followed by the control diet(ad libitum) for 2 weeks and then alternating another 3-4 week feeding regimen. The SSCN rats were received an overall 20% energy restriction(average from all stair-step periods) compared with the conventionally fed control group. Rats were bred during the first week of the second realimentation. All pups were weaned on day 21 of lactation. About 1 week after weaning all dams were mated for the second pregnancy. Mammary tissues were obtained from pregnant and lactating rats during the first and second lactation cycles. During these lactation cycles the SSCN group had a 11% increase in average lactation performance over that of control. The SSCN group had significantly increased levels of milk protein gene($\alpha$- and $\beta$-casein) expression in mammary tissues during the first lactation cycle compared with those of the control group. During the second lactation period the levels of milk protein gene expression in lactating mammary tissues of the SSCN group were also higher than those of the control group. These results suggest that the effects of compensatory growth imposed at an early age extend to the second lactation cycle with regard to increased lactation performance and milk protein gene expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and efficiency of balance training program through an interactive video game regimen in people with chronic stroke. Methods : Thirty patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=15) or an experimental group (n=15). The control group received the general physical therapy including of strengthening and balance exercise five times a week whereas the experimental group received a program of balance exercise with video game play based on virtual reality as well as the same typical physical therapy. The experimental group received 6 sessions for four weeks. Each session was given 5 minutes. An interactive computer game exercise regimen lasted 30 minutes without rest periods. Outcome measures for weight transfer to paretic side, non-paretic side and sit-squat-speed, sit-squat-length, sit-to-standspeed and sit-to-stand-area for the control group (n=15) and experimental group (n=15) before and after treatment were obtained by using the biorescure. Results: Outcomes demonstrated significant improvement in the experimental group compared with the control group in weight transfer to paretic side, non-paretic side and sit-squat-speed, sit-squat-length, sit-to-stand-speed. No significant training effect was showed in sit-to-stand-area between pretraining and post-training. Conclusion : An interactive computer game exercise based on task oriented approach for balance in chronic stroke were feasible. In other words, This regimen resulted in a greater improvement in dynamic balance for people with chronic stroke.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.11
• /
• pp.1581-1586
• /
• 2009

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of two types of housing systems and early age feed restriction on stress and fear reactions, and performance in broiler chickens raised in a hot, humid tropical climate. On day 1, chicks were housed either in windowless environmentally controlled chambers (temperature was set at 32$^{\circ}C$ on day 1 and gradually reduced to 23$^{\circ}C$ by day 21) or in conventional open-sided houses (OH) with cyclic temperatures (minimum, 24$^{\circ}C$; maximum, 34$^{\circ}C$). An equal number of chicks from each housing system was subjected to either ad libitum feeding (AL) or 60% feed restriction on day 4, 5 and 6 (FR). The CH birds showed greater weight gain, higher feed consumption and better feed conversion ratios (FCR) than their OH counterparts. Feeding regimen had negligible effect on overall performance. Neither housing nor feeding regimen had a significant (p<0.05) effect on mortality rate. Although the CH birds were less stressed, as measured by plasma corticosterone concentration (CORT), than those of OH, the former showed longer TI duration suggesting higher magnitude of underlying fearfulness. A significant (p<0.05) effect of housing on heterophil/lymphocyte ratios was only noted among the AL birds where the CH birds had higher values than OH. Collectively, these results suggest that although OH birds had poorer performance and higher level of stress than CH, the former were less fearful. Although FR had negligible effect on growth performance, the regimen alleviated both stress and fear reactions in broilers.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 1982

The regimen of physical activity of the patient with coronary artery disease requires that he should not overshoot the prescribed heart rate based on his age, health and fuctional status of the heart during his exercise. The step input of work load, however, involves a great danger of overshooting. The purpose of this study was to desigil a system that makes it passible for a subject to check the overshooting. This system shows on tile H.R-meter, the amplified and filtered heart-rate signal of the subject received by the photosensor on his earlobe, puts it in the lead coinpensational circuit where it is conpared with the reference input signal(=the presfribed heart rate). The output of the lead compensational circuit works the aull meter. By means of this null meter, the subject knows whether he is overshooting the prescribed heart rate or not. He can continue the natl meter needle at the'Zero'position through the control of the speed of pedaling of the bicycle ergometer, An experimental test, made on eight men and four women in healthy condition, showed that 91. 7% of them vlaintained the stable heart rate and that the overshooting of the desired heart rate did not exceed $\pm$2BPM. According to the result of this experiment, since the heart rate feedback controller makes it possible for the subject to take the prescribed exercise based not on the work load but on the heart rate which incidentally is inexpensive, it can be made use of as the instrument for the regimen of pflysical activity by the patient with coronary artery disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.2943-2948
• /
• 2012

Arsenic exposure is a serious health hazard worldwide. We have previously established that it may result in immune suppression by upregulating Th2 cytokines while downregulating Th1 cytokines and causing lymphocytic death. Treatment modalities for arsenic poisoning have mainly been restricted to the use of chelating agents in the past. Only recently have combination therapies using a chelating agent in conjunction with other compounds such as anti-oxidants, micronutrients and various plant products, been introduced. In the present study, we used T11TS, a novel immune potentiating glycopeptide alone and in combination with the sulfhydryl-containing chelator, mono-iso-amyl-dimarcaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA) as a therapeutic regimen to combat arsenic toxicity in a mouse model. Results indicated that Th1 cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$, $IFN{\gamma}$, IL12 and the Th2 cytokines such as IL4, IL6, IL10 which were respectively downregulated and upregulated following arsenic induction were more efficiently restored to their near normal levels by T11TS alone in comparison with the combined regimen. Similar results were obtained with the apoptotic proteins studied, FasL, BAX, BCL2 and the caspases 3, 8 and 9, where again T11TS proved more potent than in combination with MiADMSA in preventing lymphocyte death. The results thus indicate that T11TS alone is more efficient in immune re-establishment after arsenic exposureas compared to combination therapy with T11TS+MiADMSA.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.22
• /
• pp.9627-9630
• /
• 2014

Background: Although efficacy of aprepitant for suppressing emesis associated with single-dose cisplatin has been demonstrated, there are limited data on the antiemetic effect of this oral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist during daily administration of cisplatin. Accordingly, we investigated the efficacy and safety of aprepitant in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving combination therapy with cisplatin and 5-FU (FP therapy). Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with HNC were prospectively studied who received a triple antiemetic regimen comprising granisetron ($40{\mu}g/kg$ on Days 1-4), dexamethasone (8 mg on Days 1-4), and aprepitant (125 mg on day 1 and 80mg on days 2-5) with FP therapy (cisplatin $20mg/m^2$ on days 1-4; 5-FU $400mg/m^2$ on days 1-5) (aprepitant group). We also retrospectively studied another 20 HNC patients who received the same regimen except for aprepitant (control group). Results: For efficacy endpoints based on nausea, the aprepitant group showed significantly better results, including a higher rate of complete response (no vomiting and no salvage therapy) for the acute phase (p=0.0342), although there was no marked difference between the two groups with regard to percentage of patients in whom vomiting was suppressed. There were no clinically relevant adverse reactions to aprepitant. Conclusions: This study suggested that a triple antiemetic regimen containing aprepitant is safe and effective for HNC patients receiving daily cisplatin therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.7421-7426
• /
• 2013

Background: Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. FOLFOX is the most common regimen used in the first-line chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer, but only half of the patients respond to this regimen and we have almost no clue in predicting resistance in such first-line application. Methods: To explore the potential molecular biomarkers predicting the resistance of FOLFOX regimen as the first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer, we screened microRNAs in serum samples from drug-responsive and drug-resistant patients by microarrays. Then differential microRNA expression was further validated in an independent population by reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR. Results: 62 microRNAs expressing differentially with fold-change >2 were screened out by microarray analysis. Among them, 5 (miR-221, miR-222, miR-122, miR-19a, miR-144) were chosen for further validation in an independent population (N=72). Our results indicated serum miR-19a to be significantly up-regulated in resistance-phase serum (p=0.009). The ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of serum miR-19a to discriminate the resistant patients from the response ones was 66.7%, and the specificity was 63.9% when the AUC was 0.679. We additionally observed serum miR-19a had a complementary value for cancer embryonic antigen (CEA). Stratified analysis further revealed that serum miR-19a predicted both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. Conclusions: Our findings confirmed aberrant expression of serum miR-19a in FOLFOX chemotherapy resistance patients, suggesting serum miR-19a could be a potential molecular biomarker for predicting and monitoring resistance to first-line FOLFOX chemotherapy regimens in advanced colorectal cancer patients.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2015

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced AIDS-related morbidity and mortality; however, it has been associated with metabolic abnormalities including dyslipidemia and dysglycemia depending on the regimens used. The aims of this study were to analyze the prescription patterns of antiretroviral agents and to examine the prevalence of lipid abnormalities among the prescriptions of HAART. The electronic medical records (EMR) of HIV patients were retrospectively reviewed from January 2007 to September 2012 based on our inclusion criteria. The patients who had taken HAART for at least 3 months were included in this study. The lipid profiles of patients on antiretrovirals (ARTs) were collected from his or her laboratory data, and dyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol (TC) ${\geq}240mg/dL$ and triglycerides (TG) >200 mg/dL. Eighty-four prescriptions were discovered during the study period. Twenty-three prescriptions were the combination of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Fifty-three prescriptions were the combination of two NRTIs and one protease inhibitor (PI) and thirty-nine prescriptions of them included a PI booster. Eight prescriptions were the combination of two NRTIs and one integrase inhibitor. The Incidence of hypertriglyceridemia among the patients receiving HAART was totally about 41.7% (2NRTIs+PI regimen vs. 2NRTIs+NNRTI regimen vs. 2 NRTIs+integrase inhibitor regimen, 52% vs. 12.5% vs. 25%), but there was no incidence of hypercholesterolemia. This study investigated that the prescription medication patterns and dyslipidemia associated with lipid abnormalities among HIV patients receiving HAART. The types of HAART prescription regimens had an effect on the occurrence of hypertriglycemia. Further studies related to metabolic abnormalities and adverse effects of HIV patients on ARTs are needed in the near future.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Serious acetaminophen (AAP) poisoning causes hepatotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the most effective therapy for AAP poisoning and can be administered orally and intravenously (IV). Several studies have compared the efficacy of these two routes of administration and the results have been controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral and IV NAC for the prevention of hepatic toxicity in Korean patients whose serum AAP levels were higher than normal. Methods: A retrospective before/after study was performed, in which the patients presented to the emergency department with an AAP overdose from February 1995 to March 2012. A 3-day oral NAC regimen was used in the beginning, and a 20-hr intravenous regimen was then used from 2007. This study assessed the complications of an AAP overdose, such as hepatotoxicity, hepatic failure and renal failure as well as the side effects of the treatment regimen. Results: A total of 41patients was enrolled in this study. The median ALT and AST were 63 (IU/L) and 57 (IU/L) for the oral NAC treated patients, and 14 (IU/L) and 20 (IU/L) for the IV NAC treated patients (p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively). The incidence of complications was similar in the treatment groups (p=0.399). Among the patients, 7 patients developed hepatotoxicity and were treated successfully with oral or IV NAC. Conclusion: This study suggests that IV NAC and oral NAC can prevent and successfully treat hepatic toxicity in patients whose serum AAP levels are higher than normal.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.4159-4163
• /
• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alternating etoposide-cisplatin and vinorelbine-cisplatin (EP-NP) compared with an etoposide-cisplatin (EP) regimen for advanced combined small cell carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Histologically confirmed combined small cell carcinoma patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned (1:1) into either the EP-NP setting (group A) or the EP setting (group B). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival in patients who received at least one dose of treatment. Results: Eighty-two patients entered into this trial, 42 in group A and 40 in group B. The objective response rates in group A and group B were 42.9% and 32.5%, respectively (p=0.334). Survival analysis showed that median progression-free survival was 6.1 months in group A, which was significantly longer than the 4.1 months in group B (p=0.041). However, as to overall survival, no significant difference was found between the two groups (11.0 vs 10.1 months in groups A and B, respectively, p=0.545). No unexpected side effects were observed in either group. Conclusions: The EP-NP regimen for combined small cell carcinomas prolonged progressio-nfree survival compared with the EP regimen. Further clinical investigations are warranted.