• 제목/요약/키워드: reflectivity

검색결과 683건 처리시간 0.025초

반사율에 따른 광선반 채광 성능평가 연구 - 주거공간을 중심으로 - (Daylighting Performance Evaluation of Light-shelf according to the Reflectivity - Focused on the Residing space -)

  • 허도연;이행우;서장후;김용성
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: Due to recent increase on energy consumption for light in building, many studies to mitigate this issue have been conducted. Various researches have been carried out to suggest light shelf as one of the solutions, but researches for its reflectivity is very few. In fact, existing research on light shelf shows that utilizing more than 90% of high-illumination materials causes imbalance of glare and illuminance. Method: Therefore this research aimed to evaluate the performance of light shelves depending on reflectivity and to identify proper solution through test-bed. Result: The results are following: 1) Increased reflectivity generally contributed to increase of indoor illuminance but degrade uniformity factor related with indoor comfort of light environment. 2) The $0^{\circ}fixed$ light shelf with 75% of reflectivity and width of 300mm and 40mm appeared to consume more energy than other shelves. Therefore, it is analyzed as unsuitable. 3) This research was conducted by calculating appropriate angle of light shelf around winter and summer solstices and vernal/autumnal equinox. Based on this, performance evaluation was undertaken depending on reflectivity of movable light shelf, which is activated by external sources and can be applied with lower reflectivity than fixed shelf. However, one exception was a movable shelf with width of 600mm that increased light energy consumption when 75% of reflectivity was applied. 4) Performance evaluation of fixed and movable light shelf showed that the shelf with 80% of reflectivity came up with suitable results, but 75% of reflectivity may be applied depending on the width and angle of the shelf. This research is meaningful in that estimation of appropriate reflectivity of light shelf can resolve the glare problem and improve light environment, and further research would be desirable under more diverse conditions to identify proper solution.

3D Radar Objects Tracking and Reflectivity Profiling

  • Kim, Yong Hyun;Lee, Hansoo;Kim, Sungshin
    • International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.263-269
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    • 2012
  • The ability to characterize feature objects from radar readings is often limited by simply looking at their still frame reflectivity, differential reflectivity and differential phase data. In many cases, time-series study of these objects' reflectivity profile is required to properly characterize features objects of interest. This paper introduces a novel technique to automatically track multiple 3D radar structures in C,S-band in real-time using Doppler radar and profile their characteristic reflectivity distribution in time series. The extraction of reflectivity profile from different radar cluster structures is done in three stages: 1. static frame (zone-linkage) clustering, 2. dynamic frame (evolution-linkage) clustering and 3. characterization of clusters through time series profile of reflectivity distribution. The two clustering schemes proposed here are applied on composite multi-layers CAPPI (Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator) radar data which covers altitude range of 0.25 to 10 km and an area spanning over hundreds of thousands $km^2$. Discrete numerical simulations show the validity of the proposed technique and that fast and accurate profiling of time series reflectivity distribution for deformable 3D radar structures is achievable.

X-Ray Reflectivity Analysis Incorporated with Genetic Algorithm to Analyze the Y- to X Type Transition in CdA LB Film

  • 최정우;조경상;이희우;이원홍;이한섭
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.549-553
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    • 1998
  • The structure and layer distribution of cadmium arachidate Langmuir-Blodgett film were analyzed by the small angle X-ray reflectivity measurements using synchrotron radiation. Y-to X type transition was ocurred during the 39th passage of deposition of cadmium arachidate. Based on the measurement of the consumed area of the monolayer, it was determined that about 27.5 layer was deposited. Using the synchrotron X-ray, the reflectivity profile of cadmium arachidate LB film over the wide range of grazing angle was obtained. The X-ray reflectivity profile was analyzed using the recursion formula. By fitting the location and dispersion of the subsidiary maxima between the Bragg peaks of the measured reflectivity profile with that of the calculated reflectivity profile, the average thickness and the distribution of layer thickness were evaluated. The genetic algorithm was adopted to the fitting of reflectivity profile to evaluate the optimum value of the number distribution of layer. Based on the morphology measurement with an atomic force microscopy (AFM), the domain structure and mean roughness of LB films were obtained. The mean roughness value calculated based on the number of layer distribution obtained from the measurement by AFM is consistent with that obtained from X-ray reflectivity analysis.

단면 반사율이 Bragg Reflector 구조의 전체 반사율 스펙트럼에 미치는 효과 (The Effect of Front Facet Reflections on the Reflectivity Spectrum of Bragg Reflector structures)

  • 김부근
    • 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국광학회 1991년도 제6회 파동 및 레이저 학술발표회 Prodeedings of 6th Conference on Waves and Lasers
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    • pp.203-208
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    • 1991
  • We present an analytic equation for the reflectivity spectrum of a Bragg reflector in terms of the front mirror reflectivity, due to the refractive index difference between the refractive index of outside medium and the average refractive index of Bragg reflector structures, and the reflectivity of a Bragg reflector calculated by the coupled wave method. We show that even Fresnel reflection causes the reflectivity spectrum of a bragg reflector to be very different from that of Bragg reflectors calculated by the coupled wave method. The reflectivity spectrum of a Bragg reflector is dramatically changed because the interference effect between the reflected wave from the front facet and that from the Bragg reflector is changed due to the difference of a phase change from a Bragg reflector when the sequence of layers in a Bragg reflector is changed.

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Preparation and Characterization of Porous Polymethylmethacrylate Film Showing Optical Reflectivity

  • Kim, Jihoon
    • 통합자연과학논문집
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.82-86
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    • 2013
  • This paper describes a method for the preparation of porous polymethylmethacrylate showing optical reflectivity from the porous silicon template. A porous polymethylmethacrylate showing optical reflectivity was prepared by replicating porous silicon template which was obtained by applying a computer-generated periodic square current density and resulted in a mirror with high reflectivity in a specific narrow spectral region. A porous polymethylmethacrylate showing an excellent reflectivity was successfully obtained by dissolving the Porous silicon template from the porous polymethylmethacrylate composite film. A porous polymethylmethacrylate exhibited a sharp reflection resonance in the reflectivity spectrum. Surface image of the porous polymethylmethacrylate indicated that the surface of the porous polymethylmethacrylate film had a porous structure. These porous polymethylmethacrylate films in aqueous solutions were stable for several days without any degradation.

공동주택 벽체 반사율에 따른 PV창호시스템 발전효율 분석 (Analysis of Generating Efficiency in PV Window System consequent on Apartment House Wall Reflectivity)

  • 최두성;안준호;전흥찬;도진석
    • 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2016
  • This study did quantitative comparative evaluation of changes in generation consequent on reflectivity of the protruding wall near the widow in case of application of PV window system to an apartment house. To be concrete, this study did comparative analysis of the generation of (B) through the process of composing Mock-up (A)comprising the protruding window near the window and Mock-up(B) free of nearby wall interference, and giving change to the reflectivity of the wall (Case_1~3). The analysis result showed that the difference in generation was slight in case solar radiation was less than 10,000Wh in all three conditions. On the contrary, in case solar radiation was more than 10,000 Wh, the generation as against Module(B), was analyzed to be 87~91% in Case_1(5% reflectivity), 18~60% in Case_2(85% reflectivity), and 16~71% in case_3(93% reflectivity), respectively.

S밴드 이중편파레이더의 부분 빔 차폐영역 내 반사도 보정을 통한 지상강우추정 개선 (Improved Rainfall Estimation Based on Corrected Radar Reflectivity in Partial Beam Blockage Area of S-band Dual-Polarization Radar)

  • 이정은;정성화;김해림;이선기
    • 대기
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.467-481
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    • 2017
  • A correction method of reflectivity in partial beam blockage (PBB) area is suggested, which is based on the combination of digital terrain information and self-consistency principle between polarimetric observation. First, the reflectivity was corrected by adding the radar energy loss estimated from beam blockage simulation using digital elevation model (DEM) and beam propagation geometry in standard atmosphere. The additional energy loss by unexpected obstacles and non-standard beam propagation was estimated by using the coefficient between accumulated reflectivity ($Z_H$) and differences of differential phase shift (${\Phi}_{DP}$) along radial direction. The proposed method was applied to operational S-band dual-polarization radar at Jindo and its performance was compared with those of simulation method and self-consistency method for six rainfall cases. When the accumulated reflectivity and increment of ${\Phi}_{DP}$ along radial direction are too small, the self-consistency method has failed to correct the reflectivity while the combined method has corrected the reflectivity bias reasonably. The correction based on beam simulation showed the underestimation. For evaluation of rainfall estimation, the FBs (FRMSEs) of simulation method and self-consistency principle were -0.32 (0.59) and -0.30 (0.57), respectively. The proposed method showed the lowest FB (-0.24) and FRMSE (0.50). The FB and FMSE were improved by about 18% and by 19% in comparison to those before correction (-0.42 and 0.70). We can conclude that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of rainfall estimation in PBB area.

3D LIDAR Based Vehicle Localization Using Synthetic Reflectivity Map for Road and Wall in Tunnel

  • Im, Jun-Hyuck;Im, Sung-Hyuck;Song, Jong-Hwa;Jee, Gyu-In
    • Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 2017
  • The position of autonomous driving vehicle is basically acquired through the global positioning system (GPS). However, GPS signals cannot be received in tunnels. Due to this limitation, localization of autonomous driving vehicles can be made through sensors mounted on them. In particular, a 3D Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system is used for longitudinal position error correction. Few feature points and structures that can be used for localization of vehicles are available in tunnels. Since lanes in the road are normally marked by solid line, it cannot be used to recognize a longitudinal position. In addition, only a small number of structures that are separated from the tunnel walls such as sign boards or jet fans are available. Thus, it is necessary to extract usable information from tunnels to recognize a longitudinal position. In this paper, fire hydrants and evacuation guide lights attached at both sides of tunnel walls were used to recognize a longitudinal position. These structures have highly distinctive reflectivity from the surrounding walls, which can be distinguished using LIDAR reflectivity data. Furthermore, reflectivity information of tunnel walls was fused with the road surface reflectivity map to generate a synthetic reflectivity map. When the synthetic reflectivity map was used, localization of vehicles was able through correlation matching with the local maps generated from the current LIDAR data. The experiments were conducted at an expressway including Maseong Tunnel (approximately 1.5 km long). The experiment results showed that the root mean square (RMS) position errors in lateral and longitudinal directions were 0.19 m and 0.35 m, respectively, exhibiting precise localization accuracy.

작은 두께주기를 갖는 W/Si 다층박막거울의 반사율 계산 (Calculation of Reflectivity for W/Si Multilayer Mirror of Small d-Spacing)

  • 천권수
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2018
  • 다층박막거울은 규소나 게르마늄과 같은 단결정 회절소자를 대체할 수 있는 광학소자로 수 나노미터 두께의 인공적인 회절 평면을 갖는다. 작은 두께 주기를 갖는 W/Si 다층박막거울에서 박막의 두께 변화에 따른 첫 번째 브래그 각도 및 반사율 저하를 조사하였다. 작은 두께 주기를 갖는 W/Si 다층박막거울은 $0.55^{\circ}$ 및 17.5 keV에서 최대 반사율을 나타내도록 설계되었고 72.67%의 반사율을 보였다. 텅스텐 및 규소의 박막 두께가 동일하게 변화되었을 때 첫 번째 브래그 각도의 변화 및 반사율 저하가 관찰되었다. 다층박막거울에서 텅스텐 박막중 하나의 층에서만 두께 변화가 있을 때는 반사율의 변화는 없지만 포락선의 요철이 관찰되었다. 무작위적인 가우시안 두께 변화에서도 반사율 저하가 관찰되었다. 작은 두께 주기를 갖는 W/Si 다층박막거울에서 두께 변화에 따른 반사율의 저하를 통해 제작되는 다층박막거울의 공차를 예측할 수 있을 것이다.

두께 변화 W/Si 다층박막거울의 계면 거칠기에 대한 반사율 분석 (Analysis of Reflectivity for Interfacial Roughness of Depth-Graded W/Si Multilayer Mirror)

  • 천권수
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.101-106
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    • 2018
  • 다층박막거울은 높은 반사 효율로 엑스선을 단색화 하는데 많이 사용되고 있다. 반사되는 엑스선의 파장은 두께주기와 입사각도에 의해 결정되고, 반사율은 층수와 표면 거칠기에 크게 의존하게 된다. 다층박막거울은 중원소와 경원소가 번갈아 적층되어 있는 구조로 되어 있으며 각 계면에서의 거칠기를 고려해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 두께 변화 W/Si 다층박막거울에서 계면 거칠기와 상호확산을 동시에 고려하여 반사율을 조사하였다. 두께 변화 다층박막거울은 균일한 다층박막거울에 비해 반사율은 감소하나 각도 및 에너지 반치폭이 넓은 특징을 보였으며, 상호확산에 따른 반사율의 저하가 크게 증가하였다. 이론적인 설계값에 가까운 반사율을 획득하기 위해서는 다층박막거울을 제작 할 때 나타나는 상호확산의 효과를 고려하여 설계함으로써 목적에 부합하는 최적의 다층박막거울을 설계하고 제작할 수 있을 것이다.